Papel da hidrofobicidade na evolução de proteínas

Proteins are the most abundant molecules in the cell, being of crucial importance for your functioning, performing regulatory functions both as structural. A protein becomes biologically active passing through a process called folding and then achieves your native state. Among several factors that influence the protein folding, one that has a great participation is the protein hydrophobicity, which occurs because of physical properties of side chains of amino acids. The hydrophobicity contributes to form a compact and stable core, also participates of contacts formation. In previous work (J. Chem. Phys. 125, 084904, 2006), was showed that inserting a mutation in a protein can cause different effects depending on its global hydrophobicity. Proteins with low hydrophobicity showed sensibility to mutations, resulting in a slower folding rate, while proteins with high hydrophobicity remain almost the same. This work will present the influence of global hydrophobicity in sequence variability throughout evolution. This work aims to show the influence of mean hydrophobicity in protein sequence variability and subsequently correlate with Φ values and direct coupling between aminoacids forming a contact.As proteínas são as moléculas mais abundantes nas células, sendo de crucial importância para o funcionamento das mesmas, desempenhando atividades tanto regulatórias quanto estruturais. Uma proteína se torna biologicamente ativa ao passar por um processo chamado enovelamento e, assim, alcançar seu estado nativo e funcional. Dentre vários fatores que influenciam no enovelamento da proteína, um que possui grande relevância é a hidrofobicidade da proteína, que ocorre devido às propriedades físicas das cadeias laterais dos aminoácidos. A hidrofobicidade contribui para a formação de um núcleo estável e compacto, além de participar na formação de contatos. Em trabalhos anteriores (J. Chem. Phys. 125, 084904, 2006), foi mostrado que perturbar uma proteína através de uma mutação pode causar efeitos diferentes dependendo de sua hidrofobicidade média. Proteínas com baixa hidrofobicidade mostraram-se sensíveis a mutações, resultando em uma taxa de enovelamento mais lenta, enquanto as proteínas de alta hidrofobicidade permaneceram consideravelmente inalteradas. Utilizando quatro proteínas reais de hidrofobicidades diferentes, este trabalho visa mostrar a influência da hidrofobicidade média na variabilidade sequencial de proteínas e, posteriormente, correlacionar com os valores Φ e com o acoplamento direto entre os aminoácidos que formam contato.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Erratum to: Production of π0 and η mesons up to high transverse momentum in pp collisions at 2.76 TeV

In the original version of this article unfortunately the copyright line in the PDF was wrong. The original article has been corrected

Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow $v_2$ reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =2.76$ TeV. The two-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha - \varphi_\beta) \rangle$, calculated for different combinations of charges $\alpha$ and $\beta$, is almost independent of $v_2$ (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha + \varphi_\beta - 2\Psi_2) \rangle$ scales almost linearly both with the event $v_2$ and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on $v_2$ points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10-50% centrality interval is found to be 26-33% at 95% confidence level

Constraining the magnitude of the chiral magnetic effect with event shape engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow v2 reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The two-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα−φβ)〉, calculated for different combinations of charges α and β, is almost independent of v2 (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα+φβ−2Ψ2)〉 scales almost linearly both with the event v2 and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on v2 points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10–50% centrality interval is found to be 26–33% at 95% confidence level