Uso de las redes sociales en los estudiantes del 1° grado, Sección “A” del Nivel Secundaria del Centro de Educación Básica Alternativa “Lord Kelvin” del distrito y provincia de Moyobamba, año 2018

La presente investigación denominada: “Uso de las redes sociales en los estudiantes del 1° grado, Sección “A” del Nivel Secundaria del Centro de Educación Básica Alternativa “Lord Kelvin” del distrito y provincia de Moyobamba, año 2018”, es de tipo de No experimental, con un enfoque cuantitativo. El objetivo de la investigación fue de describir que redes sociales utilizan más los estudiantes del 1° grado, Sección “A” del Nivel Secundaria, teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad y tras los avances tecnológicos existe mayor acceso a las redes sociales. La metodología utilizada corresponde a una investigación de tipo descriptivo simple, en donde se utilizó la encuesta y el cuestionario para la recolección de datos aplicado a una muestra de 28 alumnos en total, de los cuales 20 estudiantes son hombres y 08 estudiantes son mujeres. Para el análisis de datos se ha utilizado las tablas de frecuencia simples y de doble entrada para relacionar la variable de estudio y para visualizar los resultados se utilizó los gráficos. En la investigación se obtuvo a los siguientes resultados y conclusiones que el 43% de estudiantes utilizan de manera excesiva las redes sociales, mientras que 25% lo utiliza de manera moderada; sin embargo, el 32% utiliza las redes sociales de manera eventual. Siendo el Facebook la red social más utilizada con un 93% de estudiantes

Damage Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Substandard Detailing

The goal of this study is to investigate seismic behaviour of existing R/C buildings designed and constructed in accordance with standards that do not meet current seismic code requirements. In these structures, not only flexure, but also shear and bond-slip deformation mechanisms need to be considered, both separately and in combination. To serve this goal, a finite element model is developed for inelastic seismic analysis of complete planar R/C frames. The proposed finite element is able to capture gradual spread of inelastic flexural and shear deformations as well as their interaction in the end regions of R/C members. Additionally, it is capable of predicting shear failures caused by degradation of shear strength in the plastic hinges of R/C elements, as well as pullout failures caused by inadequate anchorage of the reinforcement in the joint regions. The finite element is fully implemented in the general inelastic finite element code IDARC2D and it is verified against experimental results involving individual column and plane frame specimens with nonductile detailing. It is shown that, in all cases, satisfactory correlation is established between the model predictions and the experimental evidence. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to illustrate the significance of each deformation mechanism on the seismic response of the specimens under investigation. It is concluded, that all deformation mechanisms, as well as their interaction, should be taken into consideration in order to predict reliably seismic damage of R/C structures with substandard detailing

What was retained? The assessment of the training for the peer trainers' course on short and long term basis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Turkey, the studies have reported that the age at which sexual intercourse and sexual activity starts has been steadily declining. There is an urgent need to increase social and health services for young people in order to provide them with a healthy life by changing their risky behaviors, avoiding unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Sexual and reproductive health training particularly for adolescents warrants special attention and consideration.</p> <p>The objective of our study is to find out the short and long term effectiveness of a training course on peer education.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was conducted on 237 students who participated in a 40 hour Peer Trainer Training course. We utilized two types of evaluation methods to measure the effectiveness of the training on students' knowledge and attitude. The first method consisted of administering 3 tests comprised of the same 45 questions at 3 separate time intervals. Prior to the training a pre-test was given to obtain a measurement of base knowledge, and then an immediate post-test was given to evaluate the change in the knowledge and opinion of the participants.</p> <p>Finally, 6 months later the same test was administered to measure the retention of knowledge by the students. In the second type of evaluation, the participants' assessment of the training itself was sought by asking them to complete a Short Course Evaluation Form. We utilized SPSS 12.0 for descriptive analysis, and the Wilcoxon two related sample t-test were run.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>According to the pre and immediate post-test results, the training resulted in an increase in knowledge learned by an average of 21.6% (p < 0.05). Whereas, according to the immediate post test and the late post-test which was given six month later, there was a 1.8% decrease in the knowledge and attitude of the participants (p > 0.05). Participants thought that they had fun during training, and they became aware of what they knew and what they did not know.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Peer trainers with the training methods utilized, the knowledge and counseling acquired during training sessions will be able to provide counseling to their peers on reproductive health.</p

Neonatal tetanus in Turkey; what has changed in the last decade?

dikici, bunyamin/0000-0001-7572-6525WOS: 000259222800001PubMed: 18713452Background: Neonatal tetanus (NT) is still considered as one of the major causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of sixty-seven infants with the diagnosis of neonatal tetanus followed-up in the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ward of Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, between 1991 and 2006, and to draw attention to factors that may contribute (or may have contributed) to the elimination of the disease in Diyarbakir. Methods: The data of sixty-seven infants whose epidemiological and clinical findings were compatible with neonatal tetanus were reviewed. Patients were stratified into two groups according to whether they survived or not to assess the effect of certain factors in the prognosis. Factors having a contribution to the higher rate of tetanus among newborn infants were discussed. Results: A total of 55 cases of NT had been hospitalized between 1991 and 1996 whereas only 12 patients admitted in the last decade. All of the infants had been delivered at home by untrained traditional birth attendants (TBA), and none of the mothers had been immunized with tetanus toxoid during her pregnancy. Twenty-eight (41.8%) of the infants died during their follow-up. Lower birth weight, younger age at onset of symptoms and at the time admission, the presence of opisthotonus, risus sardonicus and were associated with a higher mortality rate. Conclusion: Although the number of neonatal tetanus cases admitted to our clinic in recent years is lower than in the last decade efforts including appropriate health education of the masses, ensurement of access to antenatal sevices and increasing the rate of tetanus immunization among mothers still should be made in our region to achieve the goal of neonatal tetanus elimination

Punching shear strengthening of flat-slabs with CFRP dowels

An economical and easy-to-install strengthening method to enhance the punching shear capacity of slab-column connections in existing deficient flat-plate structures is presented in this study. Seven specimens representing typical interior slab-column connections were tested and experimental results are reported in detail. The strengthening scheme employs the use of in-house fabricated carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) dowels placed around the column stubs in different numbers and arrangements as vertical shear reinforcement. The test results indicated that the ultimate punching shear capacity of the strengthened specimens improved up to 1.33 times that of the specimen without any strengthening. The experimental punching shear capacities and observed failure modes of the specimens were compared with the estimations of strength and failure modes given by the punching shear strength provisions of three different concrete design codes

Minimum flexural reinforcement for T-beams made of higher strength concrete

Design codes specify minimum flexural reinforcement for reinforced concrete beams. With the extensive use of higher strength concrete, the empirical expressions of the past for minimum flexural reinforcement, in which the concrete strength is not considered, had to be revised. Six reinforced concrete T-beams, having small ratios of flexural reinforcement, were tested to study the behaviour at the positive moment region and to evaluate the code requirements on minimum flexural reinforcement. A criterion was set and evaluations of different minimum reinforcement requirements were made using this criterion and the test data

Effect of introducing RC infill on seismic performance of damaged RC frames

The main objective of this study was to investigate the seismic behavior of damaged reinforced concrete frames rehabilitated by introducing cast in place reinforced concrete infills. Four bare and five infilled frames were constructed and tested. Each specimen consisted of two (twin) 1/3-scale, one-bay and two-story reinforced concrete frames. Test specimens were tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loading until considerable damage occurred. RC infills were then introduced to the damaged specimens. One bare specimen was infilled without being subjected to any damage. All infilled frames were then tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loading until failure. While some of the test frames were detailed properly according to the current Turkish seismic code, others were built with the common deficiencies observed in existing residential buildings. The variables investigated were the effects of the damage level and deficiencies in the bare frame on the seismic behavior of the infilled frame. The deficiencies in the frame were; low concrete strength, inadequate confinement at member ends, 90 degree hooks in column and beam ties and inadequate length of lapped splices in column longitudinal bars made above the floor levels. Test results revealed that both the lateral strength and lateral stiffness increased significantly with the introduction of reinforced concrete infills even when the frame had the deficiencies mentioned above. The deficiency which affected the behavior of infilled frames most adversely was the presence of lap splices in column longitudinal reinforcement

Contribution of reinforced concrete infills to seismic behavior of structural systems

The object of this paper is to report an experimental investigation on the internal force distribution in reinforced concrete (RC) frames with added RC walls. The paper describes a special test setup and force transducers designed to determine the internal forces. The transducers were designed so that the stiffness change in the column would be minimal. The paper reports the results of a test in which a 1/3-scale, two-story, three-bay RC frame was first subjected to damaging lateral-drift reversals and was then strengthened with the addition of an RC wall to fill the middle bay and subjected again to drift reversals. The frame, built purposely with the deficiencies commonly observed in buildings in Turkey, was displaced to a roof-drift ratio of 1.6%. The frame developed a base shear force of approximately 14 kN. Two RC walls were then cast to fill the middle bay. Tested in that condition to a drift of 1.6%, the modified structure developed a base shear force of approximately 53 W. The observed hysteresis loops were stable even though slip of the longitudinal bars was observed at the splices in the interior columns