Suprathermal plasma observed on STS-3 Mission by plasma diagnostics package

Artificially produced electron beams were used extensively during the past decade as a means of probing the magnetosphere, and more recently as a means of actively controlling spacecraft potential. Experimentation in these areas has proven valuable, yet at times confusing, due to the interaction of the electron beam with the ambient plasma. The OSS-1/STS-3 Mission in March 1982 provided a unique opportunity to study beam-plasma interactions at an altitude of 240 km. On board for this mission was a Fast Pulse Electron Generator (FPEG). Measurements made by the Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP) while extended on the Orbiter RMS show modifications of the ion and electron energy distributions during electron beam injection. Observations made by charged particle detectors are discussed and related to measurements of Orbiter potential. Several of the PDP instruments, the joint PDP/FPEG experiment, and observations made during electron beam injection are described

The Current Status of Professional Journals in Dental and Oral Health from Arabic-speaking Countries

The Arabic‐speaking region is disproportionately affected by oral health conditions compared with industrialized nations. The World Health Organization recommends oral health integration into chronic disease programs in middle‐ to low‐income countries. This article evaluates availability of peer‐reviewed dental and oral health publications in the Arabic‐speaking region. Dental journals were identified through (i) PubMed NLM Catalog Journals; (ii) Scopus; (iii) Google Scholar; (iv) Science Direct; (v) the Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office; and (vi) Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals database. Each journal site was evaluated for aim/scope, publication period, activity status, format, and language. The search returned 28 dental and oral health professional journals that fit the study parameters; all were tabled and described by evaluation criteria. Language is a key element that emerged within the sample. The prevalence of online formats may inhibit community‐level practitioners from accessing regionally and culturally congruent dental research

Production of J/ψJ/\psi-pairs at HERA-N⃗\vec{{\rm N}}

The production of $J/\psi$-pairs as a possible measure of the polarized gluon distribution $\Delta G(x)$ is studied for proton--nucleon collisions at \sqrt{s} =40\;\mbox{GeV}^2 (HERA-$\vec{{\rm N}}$). Possibilities of reconstructing the helicity state of at least one of the $J/\psi$'s are critically reviewed. The observation of production asymmetries in the single polarized mode of HERA-$\vec{{\rm N}}$ is found to be not feasible.Comment: 8 pages, LATeX, 3 figures availabe as .uu-fil

Innovative and Community-Guided Evaluation and Dissemination of a Prostate Cancer Education Program for African-American Men and Women

African Americans (AA) are more likely to develop and die from cancer than any other racial or ethnic group. The aims of this research were to (1) evaluate current education materials being implemented in a community-based prostate cancer education program for AA communities, (2) refine materials based on findings from aim 1, (3) share updated materials with participants from aim 1 for additional improvements, and (4) disseminate and evaluate the improved education program through a statewide videoconference with AA men and women. AA individuals evaluated the current education program through a mail survey (n = 32) and community forum (n = 38). Participants reported that the existing prostate cancer education program content could be understood by lay persons, but recommendations for improvement were identified. They included the following: defining unknown and/or scientific terminology, increasing readability by increasing font size and enlarging images, and including more recent and relevant statistics. Following refinement of the education materials based on survey and forum feedback, a statewide videoconference was implemented. Following the videoconference, participants (25 men; 3 women) reported that they would encourage others to learn more about prostate cancer, talk to their doctor about whether or not to get screened for prostate cancer, and recommend the conference to others. There is great potential for using this type of iterative approach to education program development with community and clinical partners for others conducting similar work

nCTEQ15 - Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework

We present the new nCTEQ15 set of nuclear parton distribution functions with uncertainties. This fit extends the CTEQ proton PDFs to include the nuclear dependence using data on nuclei all the way up to 208^Pb. The uncertainties are determined using the Hessian method with an optimal rescaling of the eigenvectors to accurately represent the uncertainties for the chosen tolerance criteria. In addition to the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) and Drell-Yan (DY) processes, we also include inclusive pion production data from RHIC to help constrain the nuclear gluon PDF. Furthermore, we investigate the correlation of the data sets with specific nPDF flavor components, and asses the impact of individual experiments. We also provide comparisons of the nCTEQ15 set with recent fits from other groups.Comment: 35 page

TGRS Observation of the Galactic Center Annihilation Line

The TGRS (Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer) experiment is a high-resolution germanium detector launched on the WIND satellite on Nov. 1, 1994. Although primarily intended to study gamma-ray bursts and solar flares, TGRS also has the capability of studying slower transients (e.g. x-ray novae) and certain steady sources. We present here results on the narrow 511 keV annihilation line from the general direction of the Galactic Center accumulated over the period Jan. 1995 through Oct. 1995. These results were obtained from the TGRS occultation mode, in which a lead absorber occults the Galactic Center region for 1/4 of each spacecraft rotation, thus chopping the 511 keV signal. The occulted region is a band in the sky of width 16 degrees that passes through the Galactic Center. We detect the narrow annihilation line from the galactic center with flux = $(1.64\pm0.09)\times10^{-3} {photons} {cm}^{-2} {s}^{-1}$. The data are consistent with a single point source at the galactic center, but a distributed source of extent up to ~30 degrees cannot be ruled out. No evidence for temporal variability on time scales longer than 1 month was found.Comment: 11 pages + 5 Postscript figure

uDALES: large-eddy-simulation software for urban flow, dispersion, and microclimate modelling

With continuing urbanization, challenges associated with the urban environment such as air quality, heat islands, pedestrian thermal comfort, and wind loads on tall buildings, are increasingly relevant. Our ability to realistically capture processes such as the transport of heat, moisture, momentum and pollutants, and those of radiative transfer in urban environments is key to understanding and facing these challenges (Oke et al., 2017). The turbulent nature of the urban flow field and the inherent heterogeneity and wide range of scales associated with the urban environment result in a complex modelling problem. Large-eddy simulation (LES) is an approach to turbulence modelling used in computational fluid dynamics to simulate turbulent flows over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. LES is one of the most promising tools to model the interactions typical of urban areas due to its ability to resolve the urban flow field at resolutions of O(1 m, 0.1 s), over spatial domains of O(100 m), and time periods of O(10 h). Although there are many scalable LES models for atmospheric flows, to our knowledge, only few are capable of explicitly representing buildings and of modelling the full range of urban processes (e.g. PALM-4U Resler et al. (2017); Maronga et al. (2020); or OpenFoam Weller et al. (1998))

Induced photon emission from quark jets in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the induced photon bremsstrahlung from a fast quark produced in AA-collisions due to multiple scattering in quark-gluon plasma. For RHIC and LHC conditions the induced photon spectrum is sharply peaked at photon energy close to the initial quark energy. In this region the contribution of the induced radiation to the photon fragmentation function exceeds the ordinary vacuum radiation. Contrary to previous analyses our results show that at RHIC and LHC energies the final-state interaction effects in quark-gluon plasma do not suppress the direct photon production, and even may enhance it at p_{T} about 5-15 GeV.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Electron Microscopy for 3D Scaffolds–Cell Biointerface Characterization

Cell fate is largely determined by interactions that occur at the interface between cells and their surrounding microenvironment. For this reason, especially in the field of tissue-engineering, there is a growing interest in developing techniques that allow evaluating cell–material interaction at the nanoscale, particularly focusing on cell adhesion processes. While for 2D culturing systems a consolidated series of tools already satisfy this need, in 3D environments, more closely recapitulating complex in vivo structures, there is still a lack of procedures furthering the comprehension of cell–material interactions. Here, the use of scanning electron microscopy coupled with a focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) for the characterization of cell interactions with 3D scaffolds obtained by different fabrication techniques is reported for the first time. The results clearly show the capability of the developed approach to preserve and finely resolve scaffold–cell interfaces highlighting details such as plasma membrane arrangement, extracellular matrix architecture and composition, and cellular structures playing a role in cell adhesion to the surface. It is anticipated that the developed approach will be relevant for the design of efficient cell-instructive platforms in the study of cellular guidance strategies for tissue-engineering applications as well as for in vitro 3D models