Hawaii's Federally Subsidized Public School Lunch Program and the Hawaii Department of Education's Food Safety Requirements for It

This fact sheet provides general considerations of using Hawaii-grown produce in the public school lunch program. Items covered include freshness, self-sufficiency, sustainability, economic viabiity, and Department of Education requirements

Objects that Sound

In this paper our objectives are, first, networks that can embed audio and visual inputs into a common space that is suitable for cross-modal retrieval; and second, a network that can localize the object that sounds in an image, given the audio signal. We achieve both these objectives by training from unlabelled video using only audio-visual correspondence (AVC) as the objective function. This is a form of cross-modal self-supervision from video. To this end, we design new network architectures that can be trained for cross-modal retrieval and localizing the sound source in an image, by using the AVC task. We make the following contributions: (i) show that audio and visual embeddings can be learnt that enable both within-mode (e.g. audio-to-audio) and between-mode retrieval; (ii) explore various architectures for the AVC task, including those for the visual stream that ingest a single image, or multiple images, or a single image and multi-frame optical flow; (iii) show that the semantic object that sounds within an image can be localized (using only the sound, no motion or flow information); and (iv) give a cautionary tale on how to avoid undesirable shortcuts in the data preparation.Comment: Appears in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 201

Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny

Maternal nutrition and growth hormone (GH) treatment during early- to mid-pregnancy can each alter the subsequent growth and differentiation of muscle in progeny. We have investigated the effects of varying maternal nutrition and maternal treatment with porcine (p) GH during the second quarter of pregnancy in gilts on semitendinosus muscle cross-sectional area and fibre composition of progeny, and relationships between maternal and progeny measures and progeny muscularity. Fifty-three Large White×Landrace gilts, pregnant to Large White×Duroc boars, were fed either 2·2 kg (about 35 % ad libitum intake) or 3·0 kg commercial ration (13·5 MJ digestible energy, 150 g crude protein (N×6·25)/kg DM)/d and injected with 0, 4 or 8 mg pGH/d from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy, then all were fed 2·2 kg/d for the remainder of pregnancy. The higher maternal feed allowance from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy increased the densities of total and secondary fibres and the secondary:primary fibre ratio in semitendinosus muscles of their female progeny at 61 d of age postnatally. The densities of secondary and total muscle fibres in semitendinosus muscles of progeny were predicted by maternal weight before treatment and maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor-II during treatment. Maternal pGH treatment from day 25 to day 50 of pregnancy did not alter fibre densities, but increased the cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus muscle; this may be partially explained by increased maternal plasma glucose. Thus, maternal nutrition and pGH treatment during the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs independently alter muscle characteristics in progeny.Kathryn L. Gatford, Jason E. Ekert, Karina Blackmore, Miles J. De Blasio, Jodie M. Boyce, Julie A. Owens, Roger G. Campbell and Phillip C. Owen

Using oblique decision trees for the morphological classification of galaxies

We discuss the application of a class of machine learning algorithms known as decision trees to the process of galactic classification. In particular, we explore the application of oblique decision trees induced with different impurity measures to the problem of classifying galactic morphology data provided by Storrie-Lombardi et al.(1992). Our results are compared to those obtained by a neural network classifier created by Storrie-Lombardi et al, and we show that the two methodologies are comparable. We conclude with a demonstration that the original data can be easily classified into less well-defined categories

Alfalfa Cultivar Yield Test for South Dakota: 1998 Report

The South Dakota Alfalfa Cultivar Yield Test reports relative forage production characteristics for available cultivars at several locations in South Dakota. Alfalfas are entered in the test by seed companies and public breeders at their own discretion. A list of the cultivars and the companies marketing them is at the end of this bulletin

Alfalfa Cultivar Yield Test for South Dakota: 1996 Report

The South Dakota Alfalfa Cultivar Yield Test reports relative forage production characteristics for available alfalfa cultivars at several locations in South Dakota. Cultivars are entered in the Yield Test by seed companies and public breeders at their own discretion. A list of alfalfa cultivars and the companies which market them is in the Appendix at the end of this bulletin

Embedding the concept of ecosystems services:The utilisation of ecological knowledge in different policy venues

The concept of ecosystem services is increasingly being promoted by academics and policy makers as a means to protect ecological systems through more informed decision making. A basic premise of this approach is that strengthening the ecological knowledge base will significantly enhance ecosystem health through more sensitive decision making. However, the existing literature on knowledge utilisation, and many previous attempts to improve decision making through better knowledge integration, suggest that producing ‘more knowledge’ is only ever a necessary but insufficient condition for greater policy success. We begin this paper by reviewing what is already known about the relationship between ecological knowledge development and utilisation, before introducing a set of theme issue papers that examine—for the very first time—how this politically and scientifically salient relationship plays out across a number of vital policy venues such as land-use planning, policy-level impact assessment, and cost–benefit analysis. Following a detailed synthesis of the key findings of all the papers, this paper identifies and explores new research and policy challenges in this important and dynamic area of environmental governance

A dynamic transmission model for predicting trends in Helicobacter pylori and associated diseases in the United States.

To assess the benefits of intervention programs against Helicobacter pylori infection, we estimated the baseline curves of its incidence and prevalence. We developed a mathematical (compartmental) model of the intrinsic dynamics of H. pylori, which represents the natural history of infection and disease progression. Our model divided the population according to age, infection status, and clinical state. Case-patients were followed from birth to death. A proportion of the population acquired H. pylori infection and became ill with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, or gastric cancer. We simulated the change in transmissibility consistent with the incidence of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer over time, as well as current H. pylori prevalence. In the United States, transmissibility of H. pylori has decreased to values so low that, should this trend continue, the organism will disappear from the population without targeted intervention; this process, however, will take more than a century

Genomic heterogeneity and prevalence of hepandensovirus in Penaeus esculentus from Western Australia, and P. merguiensis from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

Decapod Hepandensovirus 1 (HDV), formerly known as hepatopancreatic parvovirus, has been associated with stunting, lowered production and outright mortalities in prawns in aquaculture. Despite the fact that broodstock are sourced and aquaculture farms are planned in the regions of northern and Western Australia, data on these parvoviruses from this region are limited. The prevalence of HDV in Penaeus esculentus and Penaeus merguiensis is moderate (34–51%) in southern Western Australia, Exmouth Gulf and the Gulf of Carpentaria but statistically higher (P < 0.05) in Shark Bay (82%). We speculate this is due to the topography of Shark Bay combined with the currents of the Indian Ocean gyre (IOG). Despite an on average 8–12% genomic heterogeneity, the nucleotide sequences of HDV in WA most closely align with HDV in regions associated with the IOG; Thailand, India, Tanzania, Madagascar; eastern Asia, Korea and less commonly, with sequences from the eastern coast of Australia. This potentially changes the paradigm of a single strain of HDV being ubiquitous in Australia and there was little risk in moving broodstock from WA to the eastern states, so there was no testing of broodstock for HDV. There is no strong evidence to clarify whether the strain of HDV in WA P. esculentus came from either its’ nearest genetic relatives, P. monodon or P. semisulcatus or from P. merguiensis from the Solanderian province of Australia. P. esculentus HDV appears to be most related to strains within the IOG. The HDV nucleotide heterogeneity of wild prawns contrasts strongly to studies undertaken with prawns from aquaculture where genetic selection may have occurred