Very British Types

'Johnston & Gill: Very British Types' Talk © Mark Ovenden 2017 'Very British Types' Leaflet / poster © Ben Archer & David Weight 2017 'Johnston100 for TfL' short film © Monotype 2017.An illustrated public talk and book signing, commemorating the centenary of Johnston’s lettering for London Transport, and the 90th anniversary of Monotype Gill Sans, accompanied by an exhibition of the Gill Sans wooden printing types in the collection of Leicester Print Workshop, and a screening of Monotype's short film on the making of Johnston100 for TfL. Proudly supported by DMU Cultural Exchanges, Leicester Print Workshop and Monotype

Strong population structure deduced from genetics, otolith chemistry and parasite abundances explains vulnerability to localized fishery collapse in a large Sciaenid fish, Protonibea diacanthus

As pressure on coastal marine resources is increasing globally, the need to quantitatively assess vulnerable fish stocks is crucial in order to avoid the ecological consequences of stock depletions. Species of Sciaenidae (croakers, drums) are important components of tropical and temperate fisheries and are especially vulnerable to exploitation. The black-spotted croaker, Protonibea diacanthus, is the only large sciaenid in coastal waters of northern Australia where it is targeted by commercial, recreational and indigenous fishers due to its food value and predictable aggregating behaviour. Localised declines in the abundance of this species have been observed, highlighting the urgent requirement by managers for information on fine and broad-scale population connectivity. This study examined the population structure of P. diacanthus across northwestern Australia using three complementary methods: genetic variation in microsatellite markers, otolith elemental composition and parasite assemblage composition. The genetic analyses demonstrated that there were at least five genetically distinct populations across the study region, with gene flow most likely restricted by inshore biogeographic barriers such as the Dampier Peninsula. The otolith chemistry and parasite analyses also revealed strong spatial variation among locations within broad-scale regions, suggesting fine-scale location fidelity within the lifetimes of individual fish. The complementarity of the three techniques elucidated patterns of connectivity over a range of spatial and temporal scales. We conclude that fisheries stock assessments and management are required at fine scales (100's km) to account for the restricted exchange among populations (stocks) and to prevent localised extirpations of this species. Realistic management arrangements may involve the successive closure and opening of fishing areas to reduce fishing pressure

Teaching for Sustainable Learning in an Uncertain Future

This chapter stresses the importance of teaching in establishing a sustainable learning mindset in preparing students for employment in an uncertain future. The building and nurturing of social, emotional and psychological aspects of self in students is crucial to sustainability and can be established through embedding innovation, creativity and enterprise into teaching for learning. It highlights how mindset changes in teacher educators, student teachers and teachers that support the enabling of innovation, creativity and enterprising behaviours in learning can encourage confident, resilient and imaginative students. The chapter draws on a case study, the Innovation, Creativity and Enterprise House project, to illustrate key concepts and review practical strategies to sustain this approach in learning through teaching

Estimating 'lost heart beats' rather than reductions in heart rate during the intubation of critically-ill children.

PURPOSE: Reductions in heart rate occur frequently in children during critical care intubation and are currently considered the gold standard for haemodynamic instability. Our objective was to estimate loss of heart beats during intubation and compare this to reduction in heart rate alone whilst testing the impact of atropine pre-medication. METHODS: Data were extracted from a prospective 2-year cohort study of intubation ECGs from critically ill children in PICU/Paediatric Transport. A three step algorithm was established to exclude variation in pre-intubation heart rate (using a 95%CI limit derived from pre-intubation heart rate variation of the children included), measure the heart rate over time and finally the estimate the numbers of lost beats. RESULTS: 333 intubations in children were eligible for inclusion of which 245 were available for analysis (74%). Intubations where the fall in heart rate was less than 50 bpm were accompanied almost exclusively by less than 25 lost beats (n = 175, median 0 [0-1]). When there was a reduction of >50 bpm there was a poor correlation with numbers of lost beats (n = 70, median 42 [15-83]). During intubation the median number of lost beats was 8 [1]-[32] when atropine was not used compared to 0 [0-0] when atropine was used (p50 bpm the heart rate was poorly predictive of lost beats. A study looking at the relationship between lost beats and cardiac output needs to be performed. Atropine reduces both fall in heart rate and loss of beats. Similar area-under-the-curve methodology may be useful for estimating risk when biological parameters deviate outside normal range

The ECGs of four intubations are shown to demonstrate loss of beats.

<p>Strip ‘A’ shows heart rate variability from a minimum of 135 beats/min to a maximum of 165 beats/min which is similar to that of the one minute pre-intubation strip, no loss of beats is recorded. Strip ‘B’ shows variation form 175 beats/min to a short deceleration of 108 beats/min which results in the loss of one heart beat. Strip ‘C’ shows a longer deceleration from 110 to 67 beats/min which results in the loss of six beats and strip ‘D’ a prolonged deceleration from 142 to 87 beats/min which results in the loss of 25 beats.</p

Population characteristics of the 245 children included.

*<p>Signifies a statistically significant difference, p<0.05.</p

Distribution of the lost beats with and without atropine (n = 130 for no-atropine and n = 115 for with atropine).

<p>The r² for no-atropine is 0.41 and 0.85 with atropine. Note the similarity between the two best-fit curves (dotted lines) both in terms of take off and position. All children survived intubation except that labelled ‘Died’.</p

Flow chart of inclusions, non-inclusions and exclusions with the number of intubations available for analysis according to atropine use.

<p>Flow chart of inclusions, non-inclusions and exclusions with the number of intubations available for analysis according to atropine use.</p

Changes in heart rate during several different intubations.

<p>Two intubations (dotted and solid lines representing different intubations from separate children) are shown for comparison of how the loss of heart beats can be poorly correlated with reduction in heart rate. A, shows two intubations with similar fall in heart rate (fall HR) and more than 50 fold differences in lost beats, B, shows two intubations where the number of lost beats was similar but the fall in heart rate 50% greater, C, shows two examples where there was a more than a three-fold difference in lost beats against reduction in heart rate and D, is the one child who died in the study having lost 503 beats before an asystolic arrest. Inter-bradycardia tachycardia is also apparent in B. Note that the scales on the <i>x</i>-axes are different for each graph.</p