Pregnancy rate and birth outcomes among women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction: In Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies reported pregnancy incidence and outcomes in women taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). This survey aims to estimate the incidence and outcomes of pregnancy in a cohort of HIV positive women initiating ART in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study. We selected women in childbearing age initiating ART and followed up in Bobo-Dioulasso teaching hospital between January 2005 and June 2011. The incidence of pregnancies during follow-up was calculated. Childbirth was defined by the expulsion of a fetus after 22 weeks of amenorrhea. Before this term, it is an abortion. Childbirth is said premature if it occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, to term if it occurs between the 38th and the 42nd week. The annual age-standardized fertility rates were calculated using the baseline population from the 2010 demographic and health survey (DHS) in Burkina Faso. Results: A total of 1,763 women of childbearing age under ART were included in the study. They ranged between 18 and 48 years old with a median of 35 years old. A total of 222 pregnancies were observed during 4639 women-years of follow-up, corresponding to an incidence density of 5 pregnancies for 100 women-years (95% CI: 4.2-5.5). Among the 222 pregnancies recorded, 9(4.0%) ended with abortion, 205(92.4%) with childbirth (including 15 premature childbirths); the outcome of 8(3.6 %) pregnancies were unknown abortion. Live birth and stillborn rates were 94.0% (193/205) and 6.0% respectively. The standard fertility rate in our cohort was 45 live births for 1,000 women-years. The general decrease in fertility rates was 66.0% among women infected with HIV compared to the overall population Conclusion: This study shows a low pregnancy incidence among women initiating ART as compared to their peers from the general population. Pregnancies that occurred during ART generally end with live births. Care packages for HIV infected women of childbearing age must include reproductive health services to better address this issue.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Réveil peropératoire et memorisation: prévalence et aspects cliniques dans un Pays Sub-Saharien

Objective: To study intraoperative memorization in the service of general surgery of Yalgado Ouedroago teaching Hospital (YO-TH) in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was a prospective study in the service of general surgery of YOTH over 7 months. The inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, absence of psychiatric disorder, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score less than 4, informed consent written. Patients were interviewed at recovery. The questionnaire of Brice et al [8] was used and data were analyzed with SPHINX version 5.0.1 Results: A total of 475 patients were included. The mean age was 40.4 ± 16.3 years. The sex ratio was 1.4. The majority (56%) took psychoactive substance and 78.1% of patients had ASA score 2 or 3. Seven (1.4%) patients reported an explicit perioperative memorization (EPOM +). The mean age of EPOM + patients was 26.8 ± 6.57 years with a sex ratio 1.3. There was difference between EPOM + patients and EMPO - for age (p = 0.0001), occupation (p = 0.009) and antecedent of local anesthesia (p = 0.004). Five patients reported auditory perceptions, four cases of visual perceptions and two tactile perceptions. Pain was the most unpleasant memorization recorded. The psychological consequences of EPOM + were anxiety (2 cases). Conclusion: The frequency of EPOM is low in our context and the main cause was a slight anesthesia

PLoS One

Timely diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with good prognosis, but remains difficult in primary healthcare facilities and particularly in children and patients living with HIV. The aim of this study was to compare the GeneXpert ® MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) performed using a stool sample (3-5 g) and using the first Respiratory Tract Sample (RTS; i.e., sputum, bronchoalveolar or gastric aspirate; as normally done) concomitantly collected from 119 patients with suspected PTB to improve PTB diagnosis in Burkina Faso, a high tuberculosis burden country with limited resources. Overall, microbiological, microscopic and molecular analysis of the 119 first RTS and 119 stool specimens led to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in 28 patients (23 positive RTS cultures and 5 negative RTS cultures-RTS Xpert positive). When using the 28 clinical confirmed cases as reference standard, the sensitivities of the stool-based and RTS-based Xpert assays were not different (24/28, 85.7%, versus 26/28, 92.86%; p > 0.30), and 22 results were fully concordant. Considering the first RTS culture as the gold standard, the sensitivities of the stool-based and RTS-based Xpert assays to detect PTB in patients with positive RTS culture were 100% (23/23) and 91.3% (21/23), respectively (p >0.05). The stool-based Xpert assay specificity for excluding PTB was 99% (95/96) (compared with 95%, 91/96, when using RTS) and its negative and positive predictive values were 100% (95/95) and 96% (23/24), respectively. Compared with the 23 positive RTS cultures, the incremental yield rates of the RTS-based and stool-based Xpert assays were 4.2% (5/119) and 0.84% (1/119), respectively. Overall, our findings support using the stool-based Xpert assay as an alternative method for earlier PTB diagnosis, when RTS are difficult to obtain

Analyzing gut microbiota composition in individual Anopheles mosquitoes after experimental treatment

International audienceThe microbiota of Anopheles mosquitoes influences malaria transmission. Antibiotics ingested during a blood meal impact the mosquito microbiome and malaria transmission, with substantial differences between drugs. Here, we assessed if amoxicillin affects the gut mosquito microbiota. We collected Anopheles larvae in Burkina Faso, kept them in semi-field conditions, and offered a blood meal to adult females. We tested the impact of blood supplementation with two alternative amoxicillin preparations on microbiota composition, determined by high-throughput sequencing in individual gut samples. Our analysis detected four major genera, Elizabethkingia, Wigglesworthia, Asaia, and Serratia. The antibiotic treatment significantly affected overall microbiota composition, with a specific decrease in the relative abundance of Elizabethkingia and Asaia during blood digestion. Besides its interest on the influence of amoxicillin on the mosquito microbiota, our study proposes a thorough approach to report negative-control data of high-throughput sequencing studies on samples with a reduced microbial load

Genotype x Environment Interactions and Stability of Grain Yield of Maize Hybrids across Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian Agro-ecological Zones in Burkina Faso

Maize is an important staple crop for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa and, particularly in Burkina Faso, where it ranks first among cereals since 2020. Available maize varieties are low yielding. To enhance maize production SEMAFORT, a seed company founded recently in Burkina Faso, introduced three-way hybrids. The present investigation was performed to assess 128 hybrids in 2018 and the best performing hybrids for genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions in 2019. The study was conducted at one location (Farako-Ba) during the first year of evaluation using an alpha lattice design and in five locations during the second year using a randomized block design. The second year of the study was conducted in two different agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso. The data were subjected to genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis using GenStat statistical package. The analysis revealed four mega-environments which discriminated the hybrids according to yield potential. In each mega-environment, the best yielding hybrids were identified and will be further tested and possibly released for production in specific areas. The most stable genotype in the highest yielding and most stable environment was SX8-121. It could be grown across Sudan and Sudano-Sahelian zones of Burkina Faso

Evaluation de l’état nutritionnel des patients adultes agressés admis en réanimation au Centre hospitalier universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso (CHUSS)

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’état nutritionnel des « patients agressés » admis dans le service de réanimation polyvalente du CHUSS de Bobo-Dioulasso. L’étude prospective et descriptive a été conduite de juin à décembre 2012 Quarante-huit patients ont été inclus, leur âge moyen était de 37,7 ± 14,7 ans. Le traumatisme crânien grave a constitué la situation d’agression la plus fréquente (58,3 %). La durée moyenne du séjour a été de 13,5 ± 10,6 jours. A l’admission, le taux de dénutrition variait de 18,8 à 37,7 % en fonction des paramètres utilisés. La courbe du taux de variation de la circonférence brachiale présente une corrélation linéaire très forte avec la durée d’hospitalisation (p<0,001), celle de l’albumine a une signification statistique moins forte ; l’évolution du taux de lymphocytes n’était pas modélisable. Les circonférences brachiales moyennes à J4 et J7 étaient significativement plus basses chez les patients dénutris à l’admission que chez ceux qui ne l’étaient pas (p= 0,001). Pour ce qui est de l’albuminémie la différence était significative seulement à J4. Les patients agressés admis en réanimation sont fréquemment dénutris. Cet état s’aggrave rapidement et sévèrement pendant leur séjour hospitalier.Mots-clés : dénutrition, patients agressés, réanimation, Burkina Faso

COVID-19 epidemiological, sociological and anthropological investigation: study protocol for a multidisciplinary mixed methods research in Burkina Faso

International audienceBackground: The world has high hopes of vaccination against COVID-19 to protect the population, boost economies and return to normal life. Vaccination programmes are being rolled out in high income countries, but the pandemic continues to progress in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite implementation of strict hygiene measures. We aim to present a comprehensive research protocol that will generate epidemiological, sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa with scarce resources. Methods: We will perform a multidisciplinary research using mixed methods in the two main cities in Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso). Data will be collected in the general population and in COVID-19 patients, caregivers and health care professionals in reference care centers: (i) to determine cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Burkinabe population using blood samples collected from randomly selected households according to the WHO-recommended protocol; (ii) develop a score to predict severe complications of COVID-19 in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 using retrospective and prospective data; (iii) perform semi-structured interviews and direct observation on site, to describe and analyze the healthcare pathways and experiences of patients with COVID-19 attending reference care centers, and to identify the perceptions, acceptability and application of preventive strategies among the population. Discussion: This study will generate comprehensive data that will contribute to improving COVID-19 response strategies in Burkina Faso. The lessons learned from the management of this epidemic may serve as examples to the country authorities to better design preventive strategies in the case of future epidemics or pandemics. The protocol was approved by the Ministry for Health (N° 2020-00952/MS/CAB/INSP/CM) and the Health Research Ethics Committee in Burkina Faso (N° 2020-8-140)

Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus among Pregnant Women in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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