Parodiare la lingua italiana: due casi dal teatro contemporaneo di lingua spagnola

Prendendo in esame due testi teatrali provenienti dal mondo ispanico, Ay Carme- la! (1987) dello spagnolo José Sanchis Sinisterra e Venecia (1999) dell’argentino Jorge Accame (accomunati dalla presenza ricorrente dell’italiano come lingua parodiata), il contributo analizza alcune fra le diverse possibilità traduttive che i due testi possono offrire, pur all’interno di una complessiva intraducibilità di al- cuni passaggi chiave di tali opere, indissolubilmente legati agli effetti determinati dal suono della lingua italiana straniera agli orecchi di un ispanofonoThe paper examines two theatrical texts from the Hispanic world, Ay Carme- la! (1987) of Spanish José Sanchis Sinisterra and Venecia (1999) by Argentina’s Jorge Accame (united by the recurring presence of Italian as parodied language) and analyzes some of the different possibilities translational that the two texts can offer, even within a total untranslatability of some key passages of these works, inextricably linked to the effects caused by the sound of the foreign Ital- ian language in the ears of a Spanish-speakin

El tiempo parado. Palinsesti narrativi e strategie linguistiche in Francisco Umbral (1965-1975)

Questo volume contribuisce a restituire a Francisco Umbral (1932-2007) un posto di rilievo all’interno del canone della narrativa spagnola del Novecento già a partire dai suoi esordi letterari, risalenti all’anno 1965.L’obiettivo è quello di dimostrare il ruolo e l’importanza ricoperti da Umbral nello sviluppo del moderno romanzo spagnolo e di collocarne l’opera in un contesto di più ampio respiro internazionale che rimandi alla cultura europea e statunitense dalle quali, pur nell’isolamento culturale iberico dell’ultima stagione franchista, Umbral, lettore assiduo e onnivoro, riceve e assimila più d’una sollecitazione

Tradução de fraseologismos metafóricos:Contribuições teórico-metodológicas da linguística de corpus

This paper aims at presenting and discussing the theoretical and methodological contributions of Corpus Linguistics to the analysis of metaphorical phraseologies translated from Portuguese to English by Brazilian university students. The paper first discusses the synergies among metaphor, corpus and translation studies, which have afforded new vistas to linguistic studies. It then details the methodological proposal suggested here, which is based on the statistical co-occurrence of lexical units and their respective co-texts. The analysis differentiates lexical sequences from phraseologies and metaphorical uses from non-metaphorical ones. This way, it is possible to identify whether or not university students’ proposed translations are conventional in the English language. For the sake of illustration, the paper presents and discusses the analyses of metaphorical phraseologies which have as underlying conceptual metaphors THE BODY IS A CONTAINER, MEANS ARE PATHS TO A PURPOSE, GIVING UP IS JUMPING FROM A SHIP and TERRORISM IS A NATURAL PHENOMENON. The results support the feasibility of the suggested methodological proposal and indicate its numerous analytical advantages

Preliminary Results of the Use of Sowing Time and Variety Choice as Techniques of Adaptability of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) to Temperature Increases

In the 21st century, global climate change is a key concern for countries all over the world as, in the future, crops will face several extreme events, including an increase of 2–4◦C in the mean temperature with a possible consequent reduction in yield. Wheat (Triticum durum Desf) is one of the most important foods as it provides 20% of the protein for the world population. Since temperature is one of the most limiting factors of crop development, the aim of this trial was to verify the agronomic response of durum wheat to a temperature increase of about 1.5–2.0◦C through the use of short-time adjustment techniques, such as sowing time and variety choice. The experiment foresaw the comparison between two different temperature conditions (ordinary, OT—in the open field, and high, HT—under a polyethylene tunnel), two sowing times (ordinary—OS, and delayed—DS), and three varieties (Ofanto, modern variety; Cappelli, traditional variety; and a mix of the two). HT conditions caused a decline in the wheat yield (−52.5%), but without differences between the two sowing times. The grain quality resulted positively when affected by late sowing times with an increase in 1000 seeds weight and protein percentages and a decrease in shrunken grains. Therefore, it seems that in areas characterized by high temperatures, delayed sowing can improve grain quality without reducing yield quantity compared to ordinary sowing times

The creation of an online English collocations platform to help develop collocational competence

The aim of this paper is to discuss the compilation of an Online English Collocations Platform, designed to help Brazilian Portuguese as well as other foreign language speakers to learn English. Moreover, we address the role and importance of collocations in foreign language learning, teaching and training. The Platform activities have been firstly developed based on some difficulties Brazilian Portuguese speakers have in learning collocations in English, according to research data results (Orenha-Ottaiano, 2012a, 2012b, 2013; Brito; Orenha-Ottaiano, 2013). The data was obtained from: 1) a Translation Learner Corpus (parallel) made up of texts translated from Portuguese into English by B.A. in Translation undergraduate students, and 2) a Learner Corpus composed of essays written in English by B.A. in English language undergraduate students. In addition to that, other collocations have been added to the Platform, which may also help the target audience develop their collocational competence in English. To build up the Platform activities, the methodology involves the extraction and analysis of collocations from the referred learner corpora (to focus on Brazilian students’ difficulties and needs) as well as the extraction of frequent collocational patterns from EnTenTen15, from the Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff et al., 2004), The Platform is expected to help preand in-service teachers work with the referred phraseologisms in the classroom more effectively and learners use them more accurately and productively with a view to have one more resource to develop collocational competence and fluency in English

Resultados oncológicos dos esquemas de quimioterapia adjuvante FLOX e FOLFOX nos pacientes com câncer colorretal

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2015.INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é o terceiro tumor maligno mais frequente no mundo, sendo superado em incidência apenas pelos tumores de pulmão e mama. A quimioterapia realizada após a abordagem principal, também denominada de quimioterapia adjuvante, tem como objetivo primordial o controle da doença micrometastática, com consequente diminuição da recidiva e do óbito; e deve ser realizada nos pacientes em estadio III (presença de acometimento linfonodal) e no estadio II de alto risco. O acréscimo da oxaliplatina aos esquemas de quimioterapia adjuvante baseada em fluorouracil trouxe ganhos de sobrevida livre de doença em estudos que avaliaram isoladamente os esquemas FOLFOX e FLOX. No entanto, os esquemas FLOX e FOLFOX nunca foram comparados em um mesmo estudo. Diante das dificuldades de internação e da aquisição da bomba de infusão contínua e na ausência de dados que definam a superioridade de um esquema em relação ao outro, por vezes optamos por estratégias de quimioterapia em bolus visando o tratamento exclusivamente ambulatorial. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto oncológico do tipo de infusão do fluorouracil nas associações com a oxaliplatina, comparando os dados oncológicos de sobrevida global, sobrevida livre de doença, recidiva e mortalidade específica por câncer dos esquemas adjuvantes FLOX e FOLFOX. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo que avaliou os pacientes adultos com cancer colorretal tratados por ressecção cirúrgica seguida de quimioterapia adjuvante no Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (CACON-HUB) e no Centro de Câncer de Brasília CETTRO (CETTRO), ambos localizados em Brasília, DF, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 75 pacientes, sendo 31 pacientes tratados com esquema FLOX e 44 pacientes tratados com esquema FOLFOX. A mediana do tempo de seguimento dos grupos foi de 42 meses. A mediana de idade foi similar entre os grupos. As variáveis que foram diferentes entre os dois grupos foram sexo, ASA, redução de dose, acometimento de linfonodos, intervalo para início da quimioterapia, além do próprio esquema de quimioterapia FLOX vs. FOLFOX. Os pacientes tratados com o esquema FLOX tiveram maior recorrência global (HR 4,48; p= 0,04) e tendência a maior mortalidade específica por câncer (HR 6,74; p= 0,05) do que aqueles tratados com o esquema FOLFOX. A sobrevida global e a sobrevida livre de doença foram similares nos dois grupos. Não houve diferença entre as toxicidades encontradas nos grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que os pacientes tratados com esquema FLOX tiveram maior recorrência global e tendência a maior mortalidade específica por câncer do que os pacientes tratados com o esquema FOLFOX. Estudos prospectivos e com maior número de pacientes devem ser realizados para que o esquema FLOX deixe de ser uma opção de tratamento adjuvante no CCR. No entanto é favorável o uso do esquema FOLFOX nos pacientes que tiverem acesso à quimioterapia em infusão contínua.BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent malignant tumor in the world. Curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with high risk stage II and stage III colorectal cancer. The addition of oxaliplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy based on fluorouracil improves disease-free survivals in studies that evaluated the FOLFOX and FLOX treatments isolatedly. However, the FLOX and FOLFOX treatments have never been compared in one single study. PURPOSE: Analyse overall survival, disease-free-survival, distant and local recurrences and cancer-specific mortality of the adjuvant FLOX and FOLFOX treatments. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study that evaluated adult patients with colorectal cancer, treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy at the Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (CACON-HUB) and at the Centro de Câncer de Brasília CETTRO (CETTRO), both located in Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were included: 31 of them were patients treated with FLOX and 44 patients treated with FOLFOX. Median follow-up was 42 months. The median of the age was similar between the groups. The differing characteristics of the patients between the groups were gender, ASA, dose reduction, lymph node involvement, interval to begin the chemotherapy, besides the chemotherapy treatment: FLOX vs. FOLFOX. FLOX group had a higher global recurrence (HR 4,48; p= 0,04) and a tendency to a higher cancer-specific mortality (HR 6,74; p= 0,05) than those who were treated with FOLFOX. The global survival and the disease-free survival were similar in both groups. The toxicity was the same as shown in scientific literature, with the exception of the 23% incidence of diarrhea grade 3/4 in the FOLFOX group. CONCLUSION: Patients that received FLOX chemotherapy had a higher global recurrence and a tendency to higher cancer-specific mortality than patients treated with FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy

Organic versus mineral fertilization: Assessing of yield and quality of durum wheat in marginal lands

Durum wheat is often cultivated in marginal areas with great management difficulties. Organic fertilization is a sustainable agricultural practice that allows preserving the environment, but its limit can be the reduction of yield and quality of crops, also in cereals. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of the organic fertilization on yield and quality of Simeto, a variety of durum wheat, cultivated for two years in three different sites of the internal hill of Campania Region (San Giorgio la Molara, SGM; Ariano Irpino, AI; Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, SAL). SGM was a sandy-clay-loam soil, with high fertility, while AI and SAL were clay soil. The organic fertilization (ORG), based on roasted leather, was compared to mineral fertilization (MIN) and the not fertilized treatment (N0). In SGM, crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly higher than AI and SAL until the flowering (about 2-and 4-fold more, respectively). MIN and ORG significantly boosted CGR compared to N0, while for LAI, ORG was never different from N0. The two-years value of yield was 3.0 t ha–1; in SGM, it reached 4.2 t ha–1, and it was 54.6% more than the mean value of AI and SAL, while N0 was not different from MIN of AI and SAL. ORG yield was lower and not different from NO in AI, where the lowest values of 1000 kernels weight, and hectolitre weight were also recorded. MIN and ORG increased the number of spikes per square meter: 27.0%, and 12.8% over N0, respectively, but ORG showed an 11.2% decrease compared to MIN. The 1000 kernels weight reached the highest values in SAL, without differences between N0, MIN, and ORG. The values of protein and gluten percentage were highest in AI and SGM (about 13.5%, and 11.7%, respectively), but without differences between ORG and MIN in the 3 sites for protein percentage. The worst value of the vitreousness was recorded in SAL (52.3%), six-fold more than that of AI (8.2%), probably due to the high rainfall. NUE reached the highest value in SGM in the first year, when it was significantly different from AI and SAL (0.036 vs 0.030 t kg–1). Overall, the effect of nitrogen fertilization type results site-specific; indeed, organic fertilization had the same performance of mineral in the site with better soil (low clay content, high nitrogen, and organic matter content) and climate conditions