Reflections on a footnote: implications for the study of emotions in animals

;Résumé;;Une note de bas de page (NBP) initialement soumise comme un commentaire de l'article "Parsing reward" m'a amenée à écrire cet essai. Ce commentaire fut rejeté par l'éditeur d'un prestigieux journal scientifique dans le domaine des neurosciences comportementales avec la suggestion qu'il serait plus approprié à une "discussion de comptoir". Je pense que les questions essentielles abordées dans cette note sont cruciales pour un débat sur la frontière entre sciences humaines et biologiques. Les protagonistes impliqués dans cet incident didactique , dont j'ai suivi les publications et les livres au fil des années, sont des leaders dans le domaine des neurosciences. Dans cet essai, après l'avoir remise dans son contexte historique, je discute les potentiels apports de cette note aux domaines de l'éthologie, de la psychologie et des neurosciences.;;Uma nota de rodapé (NR), originalmente submetida como um comentário ao artigo "Parsing Reward", me levou a escrever este ensaio. O comentário foi rejeitado pelo editor de um renomado periódico científico na área de neurociências com a sugestão de que seria mais apropriado para uma "conversa de bar". Acredito que as questões essenciais envolvidas sejam significativas para um debate na área de fronteira das ciências humanas e biológicas. Os protagonistas envolvidos no didático episódio da NR, cujos artigos e livros tenho acompanhado nos últimos anos, são lideranças na área de neurociências. Neste ensaio contextualizo o episódio historicamente e o discuto em termos de perspectivas potenciais para a etologia, a psicologia e a neurociência.;;A footnote (FN) originally submitted as a comment to the article "Parsing Reward" led me to write this essay. The comment was rejected by the editor of a prestigious scientific journal in the area of behavioral neuroscience with the suggestion that it would be more appropriate for an "idle talk". I believe that the core issues involved are important to address explicitly in a debate within the broad domain of the frontiers of human and biological sciences. The protagonists involved in the didactic episode of the FN, whose articles and books I have been reading over the years, are leaders in the field of neuroscience. In this essay the episode is historically contextualized and discussed in terms of potential implications for ethology, psychology and neuroscience.;;Una nota a pie de página, presentada originalmente cómo un comentario al artículo "Parsing Reward", me llevó a escribir este ensayo. El comentario fue rechazado por un editor de un renombrado periódico científico en el área de las neurociencias, con la sugerencia de que sería más apropiado para una "conversación de bar". Creo que las cuestiones esenciales envueltas son significativas para un debate en la zona fronteriza de las ciencias humanas y biológicas. Los protagonistas envueltos en el didáctico episodio de la nota, cuyos artículos y libros he seguido en los últimos años, son líderes en el área de las neurociencias. En este ensayo contextualizo el episodio históricamente y lo discuto en términos de potenciales perspectivas para la etología, la psicología y la neurociencia.

PENGARUH FAKTOR KEPATUHAN TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN TRIAGE OLEH TENAGA KEPERAWATAN DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RSUD PROF. W.Z.JOHANNES KUPANG.

Tugas utama penolong triage adalah untuk memeriksa pasien secepat mungkin dan memilah atau memprioritaskan pasien berdasarkan beratnya cedera. Ketepatan perawat dalam melakukan triage dipengaruhi kepatuhan yaitu ketaatan pada tujuan yang telah ditentukan, adapun faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan yaitu status sosial, tanggung jawab pribadi, status gambar otoritas, legitimasi dari figure otoritas, dukungan rekan, kedekatan dengan figur otoritas. Kepatuhan perawat dalam penatalaksanaan korban sangatlah penting, di mana semakin baik perawat melakukan tugasnya maka dapat memperbesar harapan hidup korban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor kepatuhan terhadap pelaksanaan triage oleh tenaga kesehatan di instalasi gawat darurat RSUD Prof. DR. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik tenaga kesehatan yang melakukan triage berjumlah 60 responden sesuai dengan jenis penelitian yakni non eksperimen dengan cross sectional. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi linear didapatkan nilai P_ value 0,000 yang nilainya lebih kecil dari taraf kesalahan (α) 0,05 hal ini membuktikan bahwa ada pengaruh faktor kepatuhan terhadap penatalaksanaan triage. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar perawat dapat menerapkan triage dalam memberikan implementasi asuhan keperawatan gawat darurat pada pasien

Klipsun Magazine, 2011, Volume 42, Issue 01 - Fall

It s not until I catch a cold or come back from a loud concert that I realize how difficult it can be to live with an impaired sense. Not being able to taste or smell can make a weeklong cold unbearable — I just love food too much. A home-cooked meal sends my senses through the roof. Unfortunately, years of blaring my headphones, going to concerts and grinding my teeth every night since I was little has caused hearing loss in both my ears. My television volume is usually set at more than 30 and I always sit in the front of the class so I can hear my professor. In this issue, Klipsun explores several senses by examining sensory learning, the culture of the deaf community and how food presentation affects taste, as well as some unique senses like a sense of direction or sense of humor. We even explore the senselessness of making a penny. Last but not least, I would like to wish Klipsun a happy 40th birthday. It s been an incredible 40 years and I wish the best of luck to future Klipsun staff.https://cedar.wwu.edu/klipsun_magazine/1258/thumbnail.jp

Klipsun Magazine, 2011, Volume 41, Issue 06 - Spring

When I was little I loved to play hide-and-go-seek. I don’t remember what the appeal was exactly; maybe it was the challenge to try and stay quiet or finding the perfect hiding spot. Either way, I wasn’t really good at the game. The thrill and excitement got the best of me and I usually started giggling and I was always the first person to be found. Although staying hidden has always been a challenge for me, my curiosity of hidden objects and issues has always been a constant in my life. The saying goes, “curiosity killed the cat;” and with the amount of technology readily available today, our curiosity can be satisfied in seconds. But what about the answers not found on the Internet? Like hidden gender roles, food label censorship or buried delicacies? This is where Klipsun steps in to fill the gaps. In this issue Klipsun strives to discover objects and issues that have been hidden from plain sight. There are always new things to be discovered, some more hidden than others or less hidden than we may think or want. I hope these stories satisfy any new or old curiosities; and magnify the hidden things in life.https://cedar.wwu.edu/klipsun_magazine/1257/thumbnail.jp

Instability of stagnation and attachment line icing

Ice accretion for in-flight icing conditions often yields complicated shapes which can significantly affect the performance of an aircraft. This has been a primary motivation for numerous studies to understand the physics of ice formation on aircraft and develop prediction methodologies. During icing experiments, many of the complex shapes found in later stages of ice accretion have been observed to their origins in ice roughnesses which form early in the ice accretion process. The present work focuses on the formation of roughnesses due to the inherent interfacial instabilities of a wetted ice surface. Solutions are found using a multiple scales model for the stagnation region near the leading edge of a wing. In the computations for both unswept and swept wing icing, the roughness sizes are found to be about the same size as the air boundary layer thickness. These roughnesses qualitatively agree with the typical geometries and properties of the roughnesses seen in unswept and swept wing icing experiments. Using the multiple scales model for the stagnation region as a guide, a preliminary simplified engineering linear stability analysis is developed for glaze icing. The roughness diameters predicted using this model generally agree with the typical characteristics of the ice roughnesses seen in experiments providing that the airfoil surface temperature is sufficiently close to freezing. Smooth zones devoid of roughnesses, which have a sharp demarcation between the smooth and rough regions, can be present near the stagnation line. However, the solutions of the linear stability model are found to be overly sensitive to the temperature of the airfoil, which suggests the need for further modeling to incorporate the transient changes in the airfoil skin temperature and ice thickness during the ice accretion process

Madinah dan Pluralisme Sosial (Studi Atas Kepemimpinan Rasulullah Saw)

Tulisan ini mencoba memetakan kembali bentuk masyarakat Madinah yang begitu pluralis di bawah kepemimpinan Muham­ mad Saw. Pluralitas yang ada pada masa itu tidak hanya dari satu sisi saja, yakni status sosial, namun yang lebih penting lagi perbedaan dari segi akidah, yang merupakan pokok dari semua bentuk perbedaan. Pluralitas dari segi akidah ini, dipandang oleh Rasulullah Saw. sebagai bagian yang mesti diatur dan diarahkan dengan sendi-sendi agama yang baik, agar bisa menjadi satu kekuatan yang sangat potensial. Sosok Muhammad yang akan kita bahas pada tulisan ini adalah Muhammad sebagai manusia biasa, terlepas dari segala atribut mukjizat yang dimiliki dan di­ sandang olehnya sebagai utusan Allah untuk menyampaikan risalah dalam merenovasi serta mereformasi masyarakat Arab pra-Islam

Utility of rapid diagnostic kit tests for diagnosis of suspected dengue fever

Background: Dengue fever often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness requiring a laboratory test for identification. Serological tests particularly on rapid kits for the detection of NS1Antigen, IgG and IgM antibodies are the most commonly performed test across the country.Methods: The serum samples of suspected dengue cases were tested by Rapid test kits for assessing all the three parameters as well as by ELISA for NS1 antigen test. The platelet count of the patients was obtained from automated coulter counter. The results thus obtained were analyzed in Excel format.Results: The serum samples from 304 suspected Dengue fever cases were received in the lab, of which 190 samples were positive either by rapid or ELISA and 176 when rapid card test was considered alone Highest seropositivity of dengue cases were observed in the age group of ≥60 years (79.2%) followed by 45-59 years (70.7%). On rapid test, 78 cases were NS1 antigen positive of which 60 cases were positive only for NS1 antigen. When NS1 rapid and ELISA tests when compared, 16 kit negative tests were positive on ELISA while 34 kit positive tests were ELISA negative.  Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV when only NS1 was considered on rapid test kits when compared with ELISA were 78.9%, 87.8%, 63.8% and 93.8%. 33.5% of serologically positive cases of Dengue had low platelet count on admission while only among negative cases 17.2% had a low platelet.Conclusions: Rapid kits often show variable results thus needing a validation of them from end user. As a positive dengue test result is an essential prerequisite for diagnosis thus it is essential that for serological tests ELISA technique should be used for reporting. Thus, it also mandates more efforts at decentralization of NVBDCP to include both government and non government institutions

Dinamisasi Tradisi Islam Di Era Globalisasi: Studi Atas Tradisi Keagamaan Kampung Jawa Tondano

There are signifiant relationship between modernization andm religion in the modernization and globalization era. In the context of Indonesia, religion, the teachings and traditions, preserved as a fundamental basis of morality to inflence the flw of modernization. Indonesian society, in general, divided into two groups of “modernist” and “traditional”. This grouping occurs because, from a historical perspective, the existence of Islam in Indonesia is experiencing a collision with various forms of local syncretic and, also, with Western civilization, especially, in the period of colonialism, the Christian religion, as happened in the village of Tondano Java, in particular, and other areas in Indonesia, in general. The result of research shows that all the tradition in this Tondano Javanese village today is still carried out consistently by the citizens. Flow of modernization and globalization were not many signifiant impacts for the implementation of these various religious traditions

ISTIHSAN (Telaah Sosio-Kultural Pemikiran Imam Hanafi)

Abu Hanifah dikenal dikalangan ulama sebagai Imam kaum rasionalis, karena lebih banyak menggunakan ijtihad berdasarkan rasio dalam menetapkan suatu hukum. Kenyataan ini adalah karena faktor ekstern dan intern yang dialami dan dijalaninya. Beliau adalah Imam al-A'zham dan Imam kaum rasionalis dengan ide-ide dan fatwa-fatwa yang mengedapankan rasio dalam ijtihad untuk mengistinbath hukum dari nash, hadis dan qaul shahabah. Dan dikenal sangat berhati-hati dan menyeleksi dengan ketat dalam menerima hadis yang belum terkenal, walaupun hadis tersebut masuk dalam katagori shahih. Ini karena letak geografi antara Hijaz, tempat turunnya wahyu dan tumbuhnya hadis, serta tinggalnya para muhaddisin, sangat jauh dari Kufah, kota kelahiran Abu Hanifah