Budget Profile and Fiscal Policy in Morocco

This paper examines the structural changes that have marked the profile of public finance since 2012, and list the main internal challenges that Morocco is facing in managing public finances. The second part is devoted to presenting four approaches (the effective tax rate, the marginal tax rate, the elasticity, the regression and the analysis of co-integration) used by international institutions to forecast fiscal revenues. Then we estimate deficit government income and expenditure in 2020 and 2021, considering two scenarios; a baseline and an alternative scenario. The results of the alternative scenario shows the sustainability of policy decisions that; (i) raise resources for growth stimulating sectors; infrastructure sector, education and health, scientific research and governance, and (ii) reduce energy uses while ensuring the shift towards cleaner energy

Detection of semantic errors in Arabic texts

AbstractDetecting semantic errors in a text is still a challenging area of investigation. A lot of research has been done on lexical and syntactic errors while fewer studies have tackled semantic errors, as they are more difficult to treat. Compared to other languages, Arabic appears to be a special challenge for this problem. Because words are graphically very similar to each other, the risk of getting semantic errors in Arabic texts is bigger. Moreover, there are special cases and unique complexities for this language. This paper deals with the detection of semantic errors in Arabic texts but the approach we have adopted can also be applied for texts in other languages. It combines four contextual methods (using statistics and linguistic information) in order to decide about the semantic validity of a word in a sentence. We chose to implement our approach on a distributed architecture, namely, a Multi Agent System (MAS). The implemented system achieved a precision rate of about 90% and a recall rate of about 83%

Mean and variance of the cardinality of particles in polyanalytic Ginibre processes via a quantization method

We discuss the mean and variance of the number \textquotedblleft point-particles\textquotedblright\ $\sharp _{D_{R}}$\ inside a disk $D_{R}$ centered at the origin of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ and of radius $R>0$ with respect to a Ginibre-type (polyanalytic) process of index $m\in \mathbb{Z}_{+}$ by quantizing the phase space $\mathbb{C}$ via a set of generalized coherent states $\left\vert z,m\right\rangle$ of the harmonic oscillator on $L^{2}\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$. By this procedure, the spectrum of the quantum observable representing the indicator function $\chi _{D_{R}}$ of $D_{R}$ (viewed as a classical observable) allows to compute the mean value of $\sharp _{D_{R}}$. The variance of $\sharp _{D_{R}}$ is obtained as a special eigenvalue of a quantum observable involving to the auto-convolution of $\chi _{D_{R}}.$ By adopting a coherent states quantization approach, we seek to identify classical observables on $\mathbb{C},$ whose quantum counterparts may encode the first cumulants of $\sharp _{D_{R}}$ through spectral properties

Estimation de la loi d'Okun avec le modèle ARDL

This pepper proposes estimates of verification of Okun’s law for developed and developing countries, namely:  France, Italy, Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and South Africa, over a period that lasts from 1991-2020 for the two variables: "Growth rate" and "Unemployment rate". Indeed, the existence of a linear relationship by the ARDL model for all the countries except for Italy, as well as the Okun relationship is accepted.Cet article propose des estimations de vérification de la loi d’Okun pour les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement, à savoir : la France, l’Italie, l’Espagne, le Maroc, la Tunisie, l’Egypte et l’Afrique du Sud, sur une échéance qui dure de 1991-2020 pour les deux variables : « Taux de croissance » et « Taux de chômage ». En effet, l’existence d’une relation linéaire par le modèle NARDL est vérifiée pour tous les pays sauf pour l’Italie, ainsi que la relation d’Okun est acceptée

Intestinal obstruction and cystic fibrosis: a case report

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome is one of the frequent digestive complications of cystic fibrosis; due to a more or less complete small bowel obstruction. Proximal intestinal obstruction syndrome is a rarer variant, but has been more often described since the improvement of the management of CF that has led to enhance CF patient survival. We described a 19-year-old male followed in the pediatrics department of the HMIMV for cystic fibrosis complicated by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and type 1 diabetes, who presented an intestinal obstruction syndrome for two days, consisting on abdominal pain, bloating, bilious vomiting and cessation of stool and gas. Imaging has suspected a mechanical obstruction of the small bowel however no transitional zone could be identified. A conservative treatment was start and because of the inefficiency of this first approach, the decision was made to proceed with a laparotomy. Intra-operatively, a mid-jejunum point with inssipationed stool was noticed to be the transitional aera of the obstruction and conducted us to proceed for an entrotomy and digitaly empty the proximal bowell. PIOS is a more rare intestinal complication but should be considered when the ileo cecal clinical location is absent in an obstruction syndrome. Its treatment is based on laxatives however surgery should wisely be considered in front of failure of the conservative approach or critical condition

L’ influence de la concentration de l’actionnariat sur les pratiques de gestion des résultats

Les adeptes de la théorie d’agence défendent la supériorité des mécanismes de gouvernance internes sur les mécanismes externes, l’actionnariat constitue un mécanisme de gouvernance très efficace capable de faire face à l’opportunisme managériale L’actionnariat est apprécié à travers ses deux attributs : la concentration et la typologie des actionnaires qui peuvent influencer fortement les rapports de pouvoir entre les actionnaires et les dirigeants. Le présent papier cherche à étudier l’influence de la concentration de l’actionnariat sur le comportement des dirigeant en matière des de gestion des résultats, nous allons essayer d’analyser la littérature financière à travers l’analyse de la relation d’agence de premier degré (propriétaire -dirigeant) et de second degré (actionnaire-actionnaire) développer par la suite notion des bénéfices privés pour enfin aborder la littérature empiriques et développer des hypothèses qui peuvent servir de base pour des prochaines études empiriques et économétriques