Análise em termos de gênero de contextos funerários numa capital inca do Collasuyu (Tilcara, Argentina)

En este trabajo nos proponemos, desde una perspectiva de género y a través de los estudios contextuales y bioarqueológicos de las mujeres halladas en el Pucará de Tilcara, Quebrada de Humahuaca, analizar y determinar diferencias en el status social y en las prácticas funerarias. El Pucará de Tilcara posee una vasta colección de restos óseos humanos, hasta el momento conformada por 227 individuos mayormente masculinos con respecto a los femeninos. Se analizaron los contextos arqueológicos de excavaciones sistemáticas recientes y se establecieron los conjuntos de hallazgos de los restos de colecciones, a través del análisis de los números de ingreso de los catálogos de los museos. Asimismo, se estimó el sexo, la edad y la presencia de la práctica de deformación artificial del cráneo. En relación con las prácticas mortuorias que pueden brindar información sobre divisiones sociales entre mujeres y varones, a medida que profundizamos los estudios bioantropológicos y arqueológicos de las muestras, entendimos que no hay diferencias marcadas a nivel de sexo biológico o que llevaran a una exclusividad en la demarcación del género. Las diferencias detectadas en los distintos tipos de tratamiento mortuorio se dan tanto en contextos femeninos como masculinos. En esta primera caracterización del tipo de tratamiento mortuorio se vuelve a reflexionar sobre las manifestaciones de la identidad de género de las sociedades prehispánicas andinas. A modo de conclusión, las evidencias demuestran que existió un amplio abanico de formas de posicionamiento dentro de la sociedad, tanto en vida como durante la muerte, en el que las expresiones de género prehispánicas no se dieron como se consideró por siglos, es decir, como consecuencia de una imposición occidental.From a gender perspective and through contextual and bioar-chaeological studies of women found in the Pucará de Tilcara, Quebrada de Humahuaca, we propose to analyze and determine differences in social status and funerary practices. The Pucará de Tilcara has a vast collection of human skeletal remains, so far consisting of 227, mostly male, individuals. We analyzed the archaeological contexts of recent systematic excavations and established the sets of remains found in collections, by examining the entry numbers of the museum catalogs. We also estimated sex, age, and signs of the presence of artificial skull deformation. In relation to mortuary practices that can provide information on social divisions between women and men, as we deepened the bioanthropological and archaeological studies of the samples, we understood that there are no marked differences in terms of biological sex or exclusivity in the demarcation of gender. The differences detected in the various types of mortuary treatment occur in both female and male contexts. This first characterization of the type of mortuary treatment once again reflects on the manifestations of gender identity in pre-Hispanic Andean societies. In conclusion, the evidence shows that there was a wide range of forms of positioning within society, both in life and during death, in which pre-Hispanic gender expressions did not occur as it was considered for centuries, that is, as a consequence of a Western imposition.Neste trabalho, propomo-nos, de uma perspectiva de gênero e por meio dos estudos contextuais e bioarqueológicos das mulheres encontradas no Pucará de Tilcara, Riacho de Humahuaca, analisar e determinar diferenças no status social e nas práticas funerárias. O Pucará de Tilcara possui uma ampla coleção de restos de ossos humanos, até o momento conformada de 227 indivíduos predominantemente masculinos em comparação com os femininos. Foram analisados os contextos arqueológicos de escavações e sistemáticas recentes e estabelecidos os conjuntos de achados dos restos de coleções, por meio da análise dos números de ingresso dos catálogos dos museus. Além disso, foram estimados sexo, idade e presença da prática de deformação artificial do crâneo. Quanto às práticas funerárias que podem oferecer informações sobre divisões sociais entre mulheres e homens, à medida que aprofundamos os estudos bioantropológicos e arqueológicos das amostras, entendemos que não há diferenças marcadas no âmbito de sexo biológico ou que levarão a uma exclusividade na delimitação do gênero. As diferenças detectadas nos diferentes tipos de tratamento funerário ocorrem tanto em contextos femininos quanto masculinos. Nessa primeira caracterização do tipo de tratamento funerário, volta-se a refletir sobre as manifestações da identidade de gênero das sociedades pré-hispânicas andinas. Como conclusão, as evidências demonstram que existiu um amplo leque de formas de posicionamento dentro da sociedade, tanto em vida quanto durante a morte, no qual as expressões de gênero pré-hispânicas não ocorreram como foi considerado por séculos, isto é, como consequência de uma imposição ocidental.Fil: Otero, Clarisa. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria.; ArgentinaFil: Fuchs, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Instituto de Datacion y Arqueometria.; Argentin

Genetic Characterization of Non-Lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis Indicates Distinct Infection Transmission Networks in Spain

Chlamydia trachomatis; OmpA genotyping; Sexual behaviourChlamydia trachomatis; Genotipado ompA; Comportamiento sexualChlamydia trachomatis; Genotipat ompA; Comportament sexualChlamydia trachomatis infection is an important public health problem. Our objective was to assess the dynamics of the transmission of this infection, analysing the distribution of circulating ompA genotypes and multilocus sequence types of C. trachomatis in Spain as a function of clinical and epidemiological variables. During 2018 and 2019, we genetically characterized C. trachomatis in tertiary hospitals in six areas in Spain (Asturias, Barcelona, Gipuzkoa, Mallorca, Seville and Zaragoza), with a catchment population of 3.050 million people. Genotypes and sequence types were obtained using polymerase chain reaction techniques that amplify a fragment of the ompA gene, and five highly variable genes (hctB, CT058, CT144, CT172 and pbpB), respectively. Amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. We obtained genotypes in 636/698 cases (91.1%). Overall and by area, genotype E was the most common (35%). Stratifying by sex, genotypes D and G were more common among men, and genotypes F and I among women (p < 0.05). Genotypes D, G and J were more common in men who have sex with men (MSM) than in men who have sex with women (MSW), in whom the most common genotypes were E and F. The diversity index was higher in sequence typing (0.981) than in genotyping (0.791), and the most common sequence types were ST52 and ST108 in MSM, and ST30, ST148, ST276 and ST327 in MSW. Differences in genotype distribution between geographical areas were attributable to differences in population characteristics. The transmission dynamics varied with sexual behaviour: the predominant genotypes and most frequent sequence types found in MSM were different to those detected in MSW and women.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project “PI17/01886”, and co-funded by the European Union

Barriers and facilitators for exclusive breastfeeding in women’s biopsychosocial spheres according to primary care midwives in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

The objective of our study is to determine, from a primary care midwife’s perspective, which biopsychosocial factors can favour or be detrimental to exclusive breast feeding. (2) The study was carried out in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and is based on qualitative methodology. Twenty in-depth interviews were carried out with midwives working in primary care centres in Tenerife, using a content analysis approach. The transcript data was then encoded following an inductive approach. (3) According to the perceptions of the primary care midwives who were interviewed, the barriers and facilitators that influence exclusive breastfeeding related to the biopsychosocial spheres of women are, at an individual level, the physical and emotional aspects during the postnatal period; at the relationship level, the presence or not of support from the close family and partner; at the community level, the environment and social networks the new mothers may have; and at the work level, characteristics of jobs and early return to work. (4) The findings of our research can help healthcare professionals to approach the promotion and encouragement of exclusive breast feeding at each of the levels studied, with the aim of increasing rates following recommendations issued by The World Health OrganizationThis research was funded by the Spanish Health Research Fund (PI 080306). Canary Islands Foundation Health Research Institute of the Canary Islands (FIISC). CIF: G76208396

Medidas de manejo integrado para el manejo del O.C. y de las fincas tradicionales para la prevención y control de Xylella Fastidiosa (XF) y del síndrome de rama seca

A partir del diagnóstico y evaluación de predio y sector aledaño se elaboró un protocolo específico de manejo integrado para el OC. Del diagnóstico surge que dicho OC presenta la combinación de patógenos del síndrome de rama seca, más la presencia de la bacteria Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), por lo cual se debe adoptar una estrategia combinada de prácticas culturales (control de malezas, riego, nutrición, control de plagas y vectores de enfermedades, etc.) que contemplen el patosistema.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Roca, Monica Esther María. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA); ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Tuberculosis del olivo

La tuberculosis del olivo está producida por una bacteria fitopatógena denominada Pseudomonas savastanoi pv savastanoi que afecta a los olivos y otras Oleáceas como laurel rosa, ligustro, fresno, jazmín, entre otros. Produce tumores en las plantas (fig. 1) seca de ramas, decaimiento del árbol infectado y si afecta a los frutos les confiere mal sabor.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Tolocka, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Roca, Monica. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA); ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Predation risk increases in estuarine bivalves stressed by low salinity

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGSalinity drops in estuaries after heavy rains are expected to increase in frequency and intensity over the next decades, with physiological and ecological consequences for the inhabitant organisms. It was investigated whether low salinity stress increases predation risk on three relevant commercial bivalves in Europe. In laboratory, juveniles of Venerupis corrugata, Cerastoderma edule, and the introduced Ruditapes philippinarum were subjected to low salinities (5, 10 and control 35) during two consecutive days and, afterwards, exposed to one of two common predators in the shellfish beds: the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the gastropod Bolinus brandaris, a non-indigenous species present in some Galician shellfish beds. Two types of choice experiment were done: one offering each predator one prey species previously exposed to one of the three salinities, and the other offering each predator the three prey species at the same time, previously exposed to one of the three salinities. Consumption of both predators and predatory behaviour of C. maenas (handling time, rejections, consumption rate) were measured. Predation rates and foraging behaviour differed, with B. brandaris being more generalist than C. maenas. Still, both predators consumed significantly more stressed (salinity 5 and 10) than non-stressed prey. The overall consumption of the native species C. edule and V. corrugata was greater than that of R. philippinarum, likely due to their vulnerability to low salinity and physical traits (e.g., thinner shell, valve gape). Increasing precipitations can alter salinity gradients in shellfish beds, and thus affect the population dynamics of harvested bivalves via predator–prey interactions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2014-51935-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. BES-2015-074211Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2013-00

Verticilosis del Olivo

La verticilosis o “pardeo” es considerada una de las enfermedades más importantes que afectan al cultivo de olivo a nivel mundial. En Argentina está presente en la zona de cultivo en las provincias de Córdoba, La Rioja, Catamarca y Mendoza (Docampo et al., 1981; Oriolani et al., 2008; Pérez et al., 2010). La enfermedad produce pérdidas económicas de importancia, por la necrosis de ramas y consecuente disminución de la producción de frutos y en algunos casos ocasiona la muerte de la planta. Según relevamientos realizados en el departamento Arauco (provincia de La Rioja) su incidencia se incrementó notablemente en los últimos años (Ladux et al, 2014). En las plantaciones tradicionales la patología se presenta en forma crónica, mientras que en las plantaciones intensivas, puede llegar a causar la muerte de las plantas jóvenes. En el caso de las primeras, la variedad Arauco, es muy susceptible frente al hongo.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Valeria Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rattalino, Donna. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito. Laboratorio de Alta Complejidad; ArgentinaFil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Predicting long-term disease control in transplant-ineligible patients with multiple myeloma: impact of an MGUS-like signature

Disease control; Multiple myeloma; BiomarkersControl de la malaltia; Mieloma múltiple; BiomarcadorsControl de la enfermedad; Mieloma múltiple; BiomarcadoresDisease control at 5 years would be a desirable endpoint for elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but biomarkers predicting this are not defined. Therefore, to gain further insights in this endpoint, a population of 498 newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible patients enrolled in two Spanish trials (GEM2005MAS65 and GEM2010MAS65), has been analyzed. Among the 435 patients included in this post-hoc study, 18.6% remained alive and progression free after 5 years of treatment initiation. In these patients, overall survival (OS) rate at 10 years was 60.8% as compared with 11.8% for those progressing within the first 5 years. Hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 12 g/dl (OR 2.74, p = 0.001) and MGUS-like profile (OR 4.18, p = 0.005) were the two baseline variables associated with long-term disease-free survival. Upon including depth of response (and MRD), Hb ≥ 12 g/dl (OR 2.27) and MGUS-like signature (OR 7.48) retained their predictive value along with MRD negativity (OR 5.18). This study shows that despite the use of novel agents, the probability of disease control at 5 years is still restricted to a small fraction (18.6%) of elderly MM patients. Since this endpoint is associated with higher rates of OS, this study provides important information about diagnostic and post-treatment biomarkers helpful in predicting the likelihood of disease control at 5 years

Optimization of molecular detection of GD2 synthase mRNA in retinoblastoma

Extraocular dissemination is the main cause of death in patients with retinoblastoma in developing countries and there are few molecular markers that could be used for evaluation of minimal disseminated disease. The expression of the ganglioside GD2 is present in retinoblastoma cells metastatic to the bone marrow and the enzyme GD2 synthase activity is detected in neuroblastoma, which shares many phenotypic features with retinoblastoma. Our purpose was to optimize the detection of GD2 synthase expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by nested-PCR in human retinoblastoma cell lines and patient samples. The optimization strategy was carried out by using the retinoblastoma cell lines Y79 and WERI-Rb1 and specific primers designed for the human sequence of the GD2 synthase mRNA. We detected GD2 synthase expression with at least 200 pg and 40 pg of total RNA extracted from cultured retinoblastoma cells, using a first round of RT-PCR amplification and a second round of nested-PCR, respectively. We have also confirmed the detection of GD2 synthase by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical expression of the ganglioside in human retinoblastoma tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice. In a study from tumor bank specimens from 8 retinoblastoma patients, we were able to demonstrate the presence of GD2 synthase mRNA in blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples in cases of extraocular dissemination of the tumor. The sequence was not detected in samples from children with low-risk disease or healthy adult volunteers. The detection of GD2 synthase mRNA through an optimized nested RT-PCR assay may be a promising tool for the assessment of minimal disseminated disease in enucleated patients.Fil: Laurent, Viviana Eunice. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Servicio de Hemato-Oncología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Laura L.. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Camarero, Sandra. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Gabri, Mariano Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Labrada, Maria. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Garcia de Davila, Maria Teresa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Chantada, Guillermo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Servicio de Hemato-Oncología; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Daniel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular; Argentin

Técnicas de diagnóstico para la detección de Xylella fastidiosa en olivo (Olea europaea)

Con la primera detección de Xylella fastidiosa en plantas de olivo a fines de 2013 se complicó la problemática sanitaria de la olivicultura en Argentina. Se realizaron relevamientos en las principales zonas olivícolas, detectándola en las provincias de La Rioja, Catamarca y Córdoba. La caracterización de las cepas realizada con la técnica MLST, detectó la presencia de dos grupos genéticos ST69 y ST78 (compartido con cítricos y almendro respectivamente), ambos sólo están presentes en Argentina y corresponden a la subespecie pauca. A partir de una de las cepas de X. fastidiosa, se obtuvieron antisueros que fueron empleados para la puesta a punto de la técnica serológica DAS ELISA, donde los resultados obtenidos tuvieron alta sensibilidad y especificidad con el suero elaborado, pudiendo de esta manera, realizar diagnósticos serológicos para la detección de la bacteria, reemplazando antisueros importados, además de permitir el análisis de muestras a gran escala. También, es posible detectar la bacteria con métodos moleculares, como PCR y qPCR, aumentando de esta manera la sensibilidad en la detección del patógeno cuando se encuentra en bajas concentraciones en la planta. Se evaluó, además, la respuesta de tolerancia/susceptibilidad de dos cultivares de olivo, frente a inoculaciones realizadas con suspensiones bacterianas. De los resultados obtenidos, el cv. Arauco fue notablemente más susceptible a X. fastidiosa con respecto al cv. Frantoio, el cual se presentó como tolerante al patógeno. Finalmente, se completaron los postulados de Koch confirmando que la sintomatología observada a campo coincide con la manifestada bajo invernadero.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Tolocka, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Tolocka, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Roca, M.E. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA); ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentin