Photoperiodic effects in blood glucose, cortisol, hematological parameters and reproductive indexes of gift lineage reversed male tilapia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the photoperiod on the physiological, hematological and reproductive parameters of tilapia males of the GIFT lineage. The treatments differed in the simulations of emeral photoperiods T1 = 0L: 24E T2 = 24L: 0E, T3 = 12L: 12E. Each aquarium was considered an experimental unit. In the present study, tilapia males under different photoperiods did not present significant differences in gonad weight and gonadosomatic index. At the end of the experiment, there were also no significant differences in hepatosomatic indexes (IHS) of Tilapia males under different treatments. In the present experiment, it was observed that the 0L: 24E treatment obtained a shorter testicular length in relation to the other treatments. In addition, the Tilapia submitted to 24L: 0E presented significant difference for the glucose levels, and did not present significant difference for cortisol levels and survival rate compared withthe other treatments. There were no statistical differences for hematological values. Exposure to different light regimes has shown that for GIFT tilapia, the photoperiod that promotes better reproductive index and well-being conditions is the photoperiod (12L: 12E)

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento

Concentration of anesthetic for long-term exposure and the effects of inter-suture distance in the goldfish Carassius auratus = Concentração de anestésico para exposição em longo prazo e efeitos da distância entre suturas em kinguyo Carassius auratus

This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol for long-term exposure and evaluate the effect of inter-suture distance on wound healing in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Twenty adult goldfish (standard length = 12.4 ± 1.1 cm; weight = 58.7 ± 17.2 g) were anesthetized in 2-phenoxiethanol at 1.2‰ and placed in an anesthesia delivery system at the following concentrations of 2-phenoxiethanol: 0.0 (control); 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4‰, and the duration of sedation was measured. Fifteen dayslater, fishes were anesthetized using the same procedure, and a 36 mm incision was performed in the ventro-lateral region. The incision was sutured using a simple-interrupted pattern with 3, 6 or 9 mm as inter-suture distances. Results demonstrated that 2-phenoxiethanol at 0.4‰maintain the sedation for surgical procedures up to 60 minutes, and 9 mm as inter-suture distance optimized the wound healing in goldfish.Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho obter a concentração mínima de 2-phenoxyethanol para a exposição em longo prazo e avaliar o efeito da distância entre suturas (DES) no tempo de cicatrização de incisãoem kinguio Carassius auratus. Vinte kinguyos adultos (comprimento-padrão = 12,39 ± 1,1 cm; peso = 58,71 ± 17,24 g) foram anestesiados em 2-phenoxiethanol a 1,2‰ e então colocados em um sistema de recirculação de anestesia contendo 2-phenoxiethanol nasseguintes concentrações: 0,0 (controle); 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4‰, e foi observada a duração da sedação. Quinze dias depois, os peixes foram novamente anestesiados, utilizando-se o mesmo procedimento, e então foi realizada uma incisão de 36 mm na região ventro-lateral.A incisão foi suturada utilizando-se o padrão interrompido-simples, em nylon, com distância entre suturas de 3, 6 e 9 mm. Os resultados demonstram que 0,4‰ 2- phenoxiethanol permite a manutenção do estado de sedação para procedimentos cirúrgicos acima de 60 min., e 9 mm como distância entre suturas otimiza a cicatrização em kinguyo

<b>Concentration of anesthetic for long-term exposure and the effects of inter-suture distance in the goldfish <em>Carassius auratus</em></b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.802 <b>Concentration of anesthetic for long-term exposure and the effects of inter-suture distance in the goldfish <em>Carassius auratus</em></b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.802

This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol for long-term exposure and evaluate the effect of inter-suture distance on wound healing in the goldfish <em>Carassius auratus</em>. Twenty adult goldfish (standard length = 12.4 ± 1.1 cm; weight = 58.7 ± 17.2 g) were anesthetized in 2-phenoxiethanol at 1.2‰ and placed in an anesthesia delivery system at the following concentrations of 2-phenoxiethanol: 0.0 (control); 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4‰, and the duration of sedation was measured. Fifteen days later, fishes were anesthetized using the same procedure, and a 36 mm incision was performed in the ventro-lateral region. The incision was sutured using a simple-interrupted pattern with 3, 6 or 9 mm as inter-suture distances. Results demonstrated that 2-phenoxiethanol at 0.4‰ maintain the sedation for surgical procedures up to 60 minutes, and 9 mm as inter-suture distance optimized the wound healing in goldfish.<br>This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol for long-term exposure and evaluate the effect of inter-suture distance on wound healing in the goldfish <em>Carassius auratus</em>. Twenty adult goldfish (standard length = 12.4 ± 1.1 cm; weight = 58.7 ± 17.2 g) were anesthetized in 2-phenoxiethanol at 1.2‰ and placed in an anesthesia delivery system at the following concentrations of 2-phenoxiethanol: 0.0 (control); 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4‰, and the duration of sedation was measured. Fifteen days later, fishes were anesthetized using the same procedure, and a 36 mm incision was performed in the ventro-lateral region. The incision was sutured using a simple-interrupted pattern with 3, 6 or 9 mm as inter-suture distances. Results demonstrated that 2-phenoxiethanol at 0.4‰ maintain the sedation for surgical procedures up to 60 minutes, and 9 mm as inter-suture distance optimized the wound healing in goldfish

Inverse Functionalism and the Individuation of Powers

In the pure powers ontology (PPO), basic physical properties have wholly dispositional essences. PPO has clear advantages over categoricalist ontologies, which suffer from familiar epistemological and metaphysical problems. However, opponents argue that because it contains no qualitative properties, PPO lacks the resources to individuate powers, and generates a regress. The challenge for those who take such arguments seriously is to introduce qualitative properties without reintroducing the problems that PPO was meant to solve. In this paper, I distinguish the core claim of PPO: (i) basic physical properties have dispositional essences, from a hitherto unnoticed assumption: (ii) the dispositional essences of basic physical properties exclusively involve type-causal relations to other basic physical properties. I reject (ii), making room for a structuralist ontology in which all basic physical properties are pure powers, individuated by their places in a causal structure that includes not only other powers, but also physically realized qualitative properties such as shapes, patterns and structures. Such qualities individuate pure powers in the way that non-mental input and output properties individuate realized mental properties in functionalist theories of mind, except that here it is basic physical powers that are individuated by relations to realized non-powers. I distinguish one Platonic and two Aristotelian version of this theory, and argue that the Aristotelian versions require that grounding is not always a relative fundamentality relation, because the powers ground the qualities that individuate them. I argue that symmetric grounding is the best way to make sense of the relational individuation common to all structuralist ontologies, and is therefore no additional commitment of the one proposed here

Evaluation of the semen characteistics after induced spermiation in the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i3.14780

Evaluation of semen characteristics after hormonal induction of the bullfrog could provide valuable information on the gametes of this species, which may be useful for projects related to artificial fertilization, animal improvement, and cryopreservation. Bullfrog males were induced to spermiate with buserelin acetate (GnRHa), and their semen was subsequently analyzed. GnRHa (0.4 μg) was administered to the bullfrog males with secondary sexual characteristics such as weight > 200 g, yellow chin, nuptial callus, and amplexus reflex, being the semen collected after 60 min. The semen volume was 5.76 mL, light-colored. The other characteristics of the semen were: vigor of 4.80, motility of 93%, concentration of 14.24 × 106 mL-1, and content of normal spermatozoa of 70%. The volume, color, vigor, motility, sperm concentration, and content of normal spermatozoa were adequate in these bullfrog semen samples. Evaluation of the bullfrog semen samples based on this set of parameters is essential for decision-making about the quality and destination of the semen.

ESTUDOS BIOGEOGRÁFICOS AUXILIANDO NA COMPREENSÃO DAS RELAÇÃOES ENTRE MUNDANÇA CLIMÁTICA GLOBAL E DECLÍNIO DAS POPULAÇÕES DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS.

Biodiversidade compreende a variedade de espécies, ecossistemas e processos ecológicos. Associada aos fatores abióticos é responsável pela manutenção do equilíbrio e estabilidade dos ecossistemas. A maior biodiversidade de anuros encontra-se no Brasil, com aproximadamente 849 espécies. Anfíbios são considerados o grupo que corre maior risco de extinção e esse risco vem aumentando desde o início da década de 80 com o declínio dessas populações. Vários fatores estão associados a este declínio, como fragmentação e destruição dos habitats, doenças infecciosas, poluição das águas, espécies invasoras, aumento da incidência da radiação ultravioleta (UV-B), isolamento de populações, consanguinidade, efeito de borda, mudanças climáticas. A mudança climática global parece estar favorecendo a ocorrência de alguns dos fatores responsáveis. A pesquisa biogeográfica auxilia na compreensão da relação entre mudança climática e declínio populacional de anfíbios uma vez que aquela, através das alterações provocadas no meio abiótico, altera a forma de como essas espécies interagem com o meio

<b>Buserelin acetate-induced spermiation in <i>Leptodactylus ocellatus</i> and evaluation of semen characteristics</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i1.14777

<p class="aresumo">By<strong> </strong>understanding the hormonal action behind the induction of spermiation in <em>Leptodactylus ocellatus </em>can help in the collection of semen for artificial insemination and cryopreservation.<em> </em>The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Frog Farm of the Federal University of<em> </em>Viçosa. Seven <em>L. ocellatus </em>males with the following secondary sexual characteristics were<em> </em>selected: black thorns, developed forelimbs, and amplexus reflex. Spermiation was<em> </em>induced in these animals by applying daily 0.4 μg buserelin acetate hormone (GnRHa) for 7 days, being the semen collected 90 min after the application. The volume, color,<em> </em>vigor, motility, sperm concentration, and spermatozoa morphology were subsequently<em> </em>evaluated. Three animals responded to GnRHa induction, enabling the collection of seven<em> </em>samples of semen, and the first sample was collected 97.5h after the first application. The<em> </em>semen of the creole frog presented the following characteristics: an average volume of 0.38 mL,<em> </em>murky color, sperm vigor of 3.71, sperm motility of 77.14%, sperm concentration of 6.60 x 10⁶ SPTZ mL^-1, and 69% of normal sperm. GnRHa can induce spermiation in the creole frog. Although the volume of collected semen was low, the<em> </em>color, vigor, motility, concentration, and spermatozoa content showed to be adequate.</p> <p class="apalavrachave"> </p

Influência do sexo no desempenho de lambari prata (Astyanax scabripinnis, Jenyns, 1842)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex in the lambari performance. Fingerlings (300) of Lambari silver (Astyanax scabripinnis ) were used with initial mean weight 5.07 ± 0.14 g and an average length of 5.88 ± 0.033 cm for males and the females had an initial weight of 6.67 ± 0.07g and a mean length of 6.28 ± 0.08 cm. A complete randomized experimental design was used with 3 treatments: T1: male separated from the female; T2: female separated from males presence, and T3: male and female together, with 3 repetition and 30 fingerlings in each aquarium, maintained in a aquarium of 1,000 l. The temperature of the morning had a mean of 24.0 ± 3.46 and 30.0 ± 0.67 °C in the afternoon. The results demonstrate that the male cultivated alone obtained an inferior performance to the male and female together cultivated. The females cultivated alone showed a better performance in relation to the females in the presence of males, but for the total length there were no significant differences. The total length was significant in the T3 in relation to the T1. The viscerossomatic index obtained a significant result in the animals cultivated separated in relation to the animals cultivated together. For the carcass yield, the animals of the T1 resulted in higher and significant differences than the other treatments. The rate of specific growth of the animals in T2 treatment was the highest and the survival was significant higher for the T1 treatment. For the production of Lambari is recommended to cultivate lambaris males separated from the females