Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending : A population-based study

Background Low resting heart rate (RHR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are associated with criminal behavior. However, knowledge is lacking about their predictive value for reoffending. Aim We aimed to examine associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending in a large population-based sample. Methods We conducted a cohort study of all convicted male conscripts born in Sweden 1958-1990 (N = 407,533). We obtained data by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictor variables were RHR and SBP, measured at conscription which was mandatory until 2010 for men at age 18. The outcome variable was reoffending, defined as criminal convictions (any crime, violent crime and non-violent crime), obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending, adjusting for pertinent covariates such as socioeconomic status, height, weight and physical energy capacity. Results In fully adjusted Cox regression models, men with lower RHR (= 82 bpm). Men with lower SBP (= 138 mmHg). Conclusions Low autonomic arousal is associated with increased risk of reoffending. RHR and SBP should be investigated further as potential predictors for reoffending as they each may have predictive value in risk assessment protocols.Peer reviewe

Biological risk factors for crime : Adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology

Biological risk factors for crime have been largely neglected within main-stream criminology. However, a large body of research has over the past few decades converged on the conclusion that it is important to consider biological risk factors for crime, as they may help to inform theory and etiology. We are gaining more knowledge about the biological underpinnings of crime in a rapidly evolving research field, but many questions remain to be answered. The overarching goal with the present dissertation was to expand the knowledge about biological risk factors, including adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology, for crime. Specifically, Study I aimed to examine the associations between adverse perinatal events and offspring crime in men and women respectively. Study II aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure with reoffending in men. Study III aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate with crime in women. Lastly, Study IV aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between psychopathic personality and aversive startle potentiation. These aims were pursued through three studies utilizing Swedish population-based registers (Study I, Study II, and Study III), as well as one systematic review (Study IV). Taken together, the overall findings of the present dissertation suggest that biological risk factors are important for crime in various ways. Biological risk factors represent an important step forward to broaden our understanding of crime and may have the potential to inform theory and etiology as well as to ultimately improve prediction, prevention, and intervention strategies

Biological risk factors for crime : Adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology

Biological risk factors for crime have been largely neglected within main-stream criminology. However, a large body of research has over the past few decades converged on the conclusion that it is important to consider biological risk factors for crime, as they may help to inform theory and etiology. We are gaining more knowledge about the biological underpinnings of crime in a rapidly evolving research field, but many questions remain to be answered. The overarching goal with the present dissertation was to expand the knowledge about biological risk factors, including adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology, for crime. Specifically, Study I aimed to examine the associations between adverse perinatal events and offspring crime in men and women respectively. Study II aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure with reoffending in men. Study III aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate with crime in women. Lastly, Study IV aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between psychopathic personality and aversive startle potentiation. These aims were pursued through three studies utilizing Swedish population-based registers (Study I, Study II, and Study III), as well as one systematic review (Study IV). Taken together, the overall findings of the present dissertation suggest that biological risk factors are important for crime in various ways. Biological risk factors represent an important step forward to broaden our understanding of crime and may have the potential to inform theory and etiology as well as to ultimately improve prediction, prevention, and intervention strategies

{mu-2-[1-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethyl]ferrocene-1,1 '-diylbis(diphenylphosphine)-kappa P-2 : P '}-bis[chlorogold(I)]

The structure of the title compound, [ Au2Fe( C21H23NP)( C17H14P) Cl-2], displays the pseudo-linear [ P - Au - Cl = 175.4 ( 1) and 174.0 ( 1) degrees] two-coordinate geometry usually observed in gold( I) complexes. The Au - P bond distances are 2.237 ( 2) and 2.224 ( 2) angstrom and the Au - Cl distances are 2.271 ( 3) and 2.278 ( 2) angstrom. The bis( diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl ligand links the gold metal centres in a bidentate fashion via the ferrocene group, thus leading to a binuclear gold system

Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women : A population-based study

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The AuthorsBackground: We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women. Methods: All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We estimated absolute and relative risks of being convicted of criminal convictions using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival analyses for men and women separately. We also tested for differences in magnitudes of associations for men versus women. Results: Several adverse perinatal events were associated with an increased risk of violent and non-violent criminal convictions in both men and women. Associations between low birth weight, smallness relative to gestational age and preterm birth with non-violent criminal convictions were statistically significantly higher for men than for women. There was a dose-dependent association between adverse perinatal events with violent and non-violent criminal convictions for both men and women, indicated by the strengthened magnitude of HR estimates with exposure to an increasing number of adverse perinatal events. Conclusions: Adverse perinatal events are associated with violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women, with some differences in risk estimates between sexes. Findings are compatible with theoretical accounts implicating disruption of the neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.Peer reviewe