Experiencias en el aula: tercer encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.Para el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou constituye un honor presentar la publicación del Tercer Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que se destacan cuarenta trabajos de profesores de UNIMINUTO provenientes de diferentes sedes. Con este encuentro son ya tres que bajo la dirección de aeiou los profesores han compartido su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia. Cada año el Centro de Excelencia Docente invita a los profesores a participar en este evento, para el 2108 además de la inscripción voluntaria por parte de cada profesor, se invitó al estudiantado a que postularan a sus profesores que consideraban eran innovadores y creativos en el cumplimiento de su función docente y se obtuvo una respuesta importante por parte de los estudiantes, que para algunos profesores resultó sorpresiva porque quizás no habían considerado que el trabajo que hacían en su ambiente de aprendizaje era diferente, fuera de lo común. Luego de una evaluación de jurados nacionales e internacionales de las prácticas presentadas y de la realización del evento, que tuvo como novedad hacerlo de forma simultánea en cuatro sedes donde UNIMINUTO tiene presencia: Buga, Ibagué, Pereira y Bogotá, se comparte la presente publicación para tener como referencia y evidencia el trabajo que los profesores hacen a diario

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Simulation model for the economic analysis of the use of reproductive biotechnologies in dairy herds

As biotecnologias reprodutivas têm uma importante relação com os resultados econômicos dos rebanhos leiteiros. Sua adoção implica o investimento de quantidades conhecidas de recursos, porém, há uma clara dificuldade por parte de produtores em avaliarem o retorno desses investimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de simulação que permita analisar os impactos do uso de biotecnologias reprodutivas sobre o desempenho econômico de rebanhos leiteiros. Com o auxílio de uma planilha eletrônica do Microsoft® Office Excel®, foi desenvolvido um modelo determinístico, em função de parâmetros produtivos, reprodutivos e econômicos, com o fim de representar a conformação do rebanho em períodos de 21 dias ao longo de 25 anos. Foram realizadas simulações de quatro cenários de aplicação de biotecnologias: inseminação artificial com sêmen convencional (IAC) e com sêmen sexado (IAS), inseminação artificial em tempo fixo com sêmen convencional (IATFC) e com sêmen sexado (IATFS). Finalmente, foram calculados para cada cenário o Payback, o valor presente líquido (VPL) e a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) como indicadores da viabilidade econômica. Sob as condições simuladas, observou-se que o cenário com melhor desempenho econômico foi IATFS (Payback 3 anos; VPL R$2.558.490,80; e TIR 42,5$ 2.357.639,40; e TIR 42,9% aa). O cenário IAC apresentou valores superiores (Payback 3 anos; VPL de R$759.353,90; e TIR 29,3$ 676.870,90; e TIR 23,3% aa). O modelo desenvolvido neste estudo permite auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão na seleção da estratégia reprodutiva mais adequada com base em parâmetros específicos.Reproductive biotechnologies have an economic impact on dairy herds. Its implementation requires the investment of known amounts of resources; however, the producers still have a clear difficulty in assessing the profitability of these investments. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model to analyze how the use of reproductive biotechnologies impact on the economic performance of dairy herds. Using a Microsoft® Office Excel® spreadsheet, a deterministic model was created considering productive, reproductive and economic parameters, in order to represent the herd conformation in 21-day periods over 25 years. Then, four reproductive programs were simulated: artificial insemination using conventional semen (AIC) or sex-sorted semen (AIS) and fixed-time artificial insemination using conventional semen (FTAIC) or sex-sorted semen (FTAIS). Finally, indicators of economic viability: Payback, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated for each reproductive program. Under the simulated conditions, it was observed that the program with the best economic performance was FTAIS (Payback 3 years; NPV R$2,558,490.80; and IRR 42.5$ 2,357,639.40; and IRR 42.9% per annum). The AIC program presented higher economic returns (Payback 3 years, NPV R$759,353.90, and IRR 29.3$ 676,870.90, and IRR 23.3% per annum). The mathematical model developed in this study can assists the decision-making process to select the most appropriate reproductive strategy based on specific parameters

Modelo de simulação baseado em agentes para a avaliação de tecnologias reprodutivas sobre o desempenho zootécnico e econômico de rebanhos bovinos de corte

The objective of this study was to create a stochastic, agent-based simulation model that allows to compare the technical and economic performance of reproductive strategies on a synthetic population of beef cattle. The model was created using the AnyLogic simulation tool and was parameterized using data from a real beef cattle herd and from peer-reviewed scientific literature. Ten scenarios were evaluated: natural mating (NM) only (ONM); one timed artificial insemination (TAI) plus NM (1TAI&#43;NM); two TAI plus NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days between inseminations (2TAI/24&#43;NM, 2TAI/32&#43;NM, and 2TAI/40&#43;NM, respectively); three TAI without NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days between inseminations (3TAI/24, 3TAI/32, and 3TAI/40, respectively), and three TAI plus NM, with an interval between inseminations of 24 (3TAI/24&#43;NM) and 32 days (3TAI/32&#43;NM). NM started 10 days after the last insemination and was performed until the end of the breeding season. The initial population of the model ranged between 400 and 415 animals, depending on whether NM was used or not. The size of the female herd was fixed to contain 400 individuals. The outcomes for each scenario were assessed on 32 farms, using a 5,000-day time horizon at 1-day time intervals and on an animal- by-animal basis. The 3TAI/24&#43;NM scenario resulted in a greater number of births (293 births) and weaned calves (287 calves), while the ONM scenario had the lowest number of births (207 births) and calves (203 calves). The heaviest males and females at weaning belonged to 3TAI/24, with 190.58 &#177; 0.77 kg for males and 173.67 &#177; 0.86 kg for females. The ONM scenario had the lightest males (166.59 &#177; 0.93 kg) and females (151.65 &#177; 49 0.74 kg). The greatest and lowest pregnancy rates were found, respectively, in 3TAI/24&#43;NM (0.90 &#177; 0.00) and ONM (0.61 &#177; 0.01). The 3TAI/24&#43;NM scenario (US 96,479.19 ± 709.81) resulted in higher incomes, while ONM (US 79,753.37 &#177; 741.87) had the lowest incomes from this study. The 3TAI/24&#43;NM (US 101.720.6 ± 79.21) and ONM (US 90.898.58 &#177; 59.17) scenario presented the highest and lowest total operating costs (TOC), respectively. However, when TOC was evaluated per kg of weaned calf, the highest and lowest costs were for ONM (US 2.8 ± 0.03 / kg) and 2TAI/24+NM (US 2.17 &#177; 0, 04 / kg) respectively. The 2TAI/24&#43;NM scenario (US -4.551.28 ± 630.72) presented the best net margin, while the lowest result was for 3TAI/40 (US -12.590.04 &#177; 746.27). The proposed agent-based simulation model has all the advantages of a physical experiment, but it neither requires incurring significant expenses nor altering the real system. Our model provided sufficient evidence to demonstrate that reproductive strategies using TAI have better technical and economic performance than those under NM. The combination of TAI and early pregnancy diagnosis resulted in better technical and economic performance compared to other TAI and NM programs.O objetivo deste estudo foi criar um modelo de simulação estocástico, baseado em agentes que permita comparar o desempenho técnico e econômico de estratégias reprodutivas em uma população sintética de bovinos de corte. O modelo foi criado usando a ferramenta de simulação AnyLogic e foi parametrizado usando dados de um rebanho de gado de corte real e da literatura científica. Dez cenários foram avaliados: monta natural (NM) somente (ONM); uma inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (TAI) mais NM (1TAI&#43;NM); dois TAI mais NM, com 24, 32 e 40 dias entre as inseminações (2TAI/24&#43;NM, 2TAI/32&#43;NM e 2TAI/40&#43;NM, respectivamente); três TAI sem NM, com 24, 32 e 40 dias entre inseminações (3TAI/24, 3TAI/32 e 3TAI/40, respectivamente) e três TAI mais NM, com intervalo entre inseminações de 24 (3TAI/24&#43;NM) e 32 dias (3TAI/32&#43;NM). A NM iniciou-se 10 dias após a última inseminação e foi realizada até o final da estação de monta. A população inicial do modelo variou entre 400 e 415 animais, dependendo se o NM foi usado ou não. O tamanho do rebanho de fêmeas foi fixado para conter 400 indivíduos. Os resultados de cada cenário foram avaliados em 32 fazendas, usando um horizonte de 5.000 dias em intervalos de 1 dia. O cenário 3TAI/24&#43;NM resultou em maior número de nascimentos (293 nascimentos) e bezerros desmamados (287 bezerros), enquanto o cenário ONM apresentou o menor número de nascimentos (207 nascimentos) e bezerros (203 bezerros). Os machos e fêmeas mais pesados ao desmame pertenceram a 3TAI/24, com 190,58 &#43; 0,77 kg para os machos e 173,67 &#43; 0,86 kg para as fêmeas. O cenário ONM apresentou os machos (166,59 &#177; 0,93 kg) e as fêmeas (151,65 &#177; 49 0,74 kg) mais leves. As maiores e menores taxas de prenhez foram encontradas, respectivamente, em 3TAI/24&#43;NM (0,90 &#177; 0,00) e ONM (0,61 &#177; 0,01). O cenário 3TAI/24&#43;NM (US 96.479,19 ± 709,81) resultou em receita bruta maior, enquanto que o cenário ONM (US 79.753,37 &#177; 741,87) teve a menor receita deste estudo. O cenário 3TAI/24&#43;NM (US 101,720.6 ± 79.21) e o ONM (US 90,898.58 &#177; 59.17) apresentaram o maior e menor custo operacional total (TOC), respectivamente. Porém, quando TOC foi avaliado por kg de bezerro desmamado, os maiores e menores custos foram para os cenários ONM (US 2,8 ± 0,03/kg) e 2TAI/24+NM (US 2,17 ± 0,04/kg), respectivamente. O cenário 2TAI/24+NM (US -4,651.28 &#177; 630.72) apresentou a melhor margem liquida, enquanto que o menor resultado foi para 3TAI/40 (US$ -12,590.04 &#177; 746.27). O modelo de simulação baseado em agentes proposto tem todas as vantagens de um experimento físico, mas não exige gastos significativos nem altera o sistema real. Nosso modelo forneceu evidências suficientes para demonstrar que as estratégias reprodutivas que usam TAI têm melhor desempenho técnico e econômico do que aquelas sob NM. A combinação de TAI com o diagnóstico precoce da gestação resultou em melhor desempenho técnico e econômico em comparação com outros programas de TAI e com NM

Serum concentration of sex-steroids, endometrial expression of their receptors, and endometrial morphology during the estrous cycle in Bos taurus Criollo and crossbred cows

Romosinuano (Romo) and Costeño con cuernos (CCC) are Bos taurus criollo breeds (adapted to the conditions of the tropics) that presented higher plasmatic Progesterone (P4) concentration during the luteal phase compared to non-adapted genotypes. The central hypothesis was that these P4 concentrations could modulate the uterine receptivity. Blood and endometrial biopsy samples were obtained on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = estrus) of animals of different genotypes [Romo (n = 14), CCC (n = 14), and Crossbreed Brahman × Holstein (Cross, n = 13)]. Tissue-samples were used for morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyses. Data analyses were performed with Proc Mixed of SAS. The criollo breeds have higher P4 concentrations on days 5 and 15, higher values of superficial glandular area (all days) and density (days 0, 5, 10, and 15) than Cross cows (P < 0.05). ESR1 and PGR immunostaining were higher on days 0, 5, and 15 and on days 0 and 15, respectively for CCC and Romo when compared to Cross (P < 0.05). In conclusion, tropical adapted bovine breeds possess more receptive to embryo uterine environment than non-adapted breeds. This is mediated by a higher serum progesterone concentration, a strong P4 signaling, and greater developed uterine-gland morphology

A simulation model to evaluate the economic consequences of insemination programs in dairy herds: timed artificial insemination and sex-sorted semen

The objective of this study was to develop a simulation model to analyse the technical, economic, and financial performance of using different reproductive strategies in dairy herds. Strategies simulated were: artificial insemination (AI) using conventional semen after oestrus detection (AIC), AI using sex-sorted semen after oestrus detection (AIS), timed artificial insemination (TAI) using conventional semen (TAIC), and TAI using sex-sorted semen (TAIS). The total time horizon analysed corresponded to 25 years, divided into 425 periods of 21 days. The model simulates the biological cycle that takes place within the bovine herd, and uses input information (productive parameters, investments, and reproductive program) to calculate output information (animal inventory variance, incomes, costs, and cash flow analysis). Based on the obtained cash flow, the payback period, net present value, and internal rate of return were calculated. The payback for AIC, AIS, TAIC, and TAIS occurred in 26, 27, 23, and 25 periods. The net present value and the internal rate of return per year of the investment for AIC, AIS, TAIC, and TAIS were US$557773 and 59.44$ 520469 and 54.76%; US$741800 and 70.22$ 662891 and 63.52%, respectively. The mean culling rate over 25 years for AIC, AIS, TAIC, and TAIS was 43.30%, 64.89%, 21.12%, and 36.40%, respectively. The simulation clearly demonstrated the economic and technical benefits of using TAI in dairy herds. These benefits are greater when TAI is used with conventional semen, despite the large investment in technology that is required. Using this mathematical model, future studies could be conducted when the assessment of the technical and economic viability of new scenarios is require

A single dose of FSH or hCG during a split-time AI program did not enhance follicular growth or pregnancy per artificial insemination in beef heifers

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low dose of hCG or FSH on follicle growth and pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) in crossbreed beef heifers subjected to a split-time AI program. All heifers (n = 386) were subjected to a 7-d Co-synch protocol and an intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device (GnRH and CIDR insertion; 7 days later PGF2α, CIDR removal, and application of a tail head estrus detection patch; 36 hours later AI of heifers detected in estrus, 24 hours later timed AI of remaining heifers). At CIDR removal, heifers were randomly assigned to receive either 150 IU of hCG, 20 mg of FSH, or remained as untreated controls. The diameter of the preovulatory follicle and the pregnancy per AI did not differ among treatments. A smaller (P = 0.035) proportion of heifers in the hCG group were detected in estrus compared with control. Additionally, the incidence of premature ovulation was greater (P < 0.01) among heifers treated with hCG compared with control. In conclusion, using a low dosage of hCG or FSH at the time of device removal did not affect pre-ovulatory follicle growth or the proportion of pregnant heifers

Experiencias en el aula: tercer encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.Para el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou constituye un honor presentar la publicación del Tercer Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que se destacan cuarenta trabajos de profesores de UNIMINUTO provenientes de diferentes sedes. Con este encuentro son ya tres que bajo la dirección de aeiou los profesores han compartido su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia. Cada año el Centro de Excelencia Docente invita a los profesores a participar en este evento, para el 2108 además de la inscripción voluntaria por parte de cada profesor, se invitó al estudiantado a que postularan a sus profesores que consideraban eran innovadores y creativos en el cumplimiento de su función docente y se obtuvo una respuesta importante por parte de los estudiantes, que para algunos profesores resultó sorpresiva porque quizás no habían considerado que el trabajo que hacían en su ambiente de aprendizaje era diferente, fuera de lo común. Luego de una evaluación de jurados nacionales e internacionales de las prácticas presentadas y de la realización del evento, que tuvo como novedad hacerlo de forma simultánea en cuatro sedes donde UNIMINUTO tiene presencia: Buga, Ibagué, Pereira y Bogotá, se comparte la presente publicación para tener como referencia y evidencia el trabajo que los profesores hacen a diario

I simposio Internacional sobre Investigación en la enseñanza de las ciencias

Edición 202

Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis

BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways