Motherhood to Motherhoods: Ideologies of the “Feminine”

The eleven essays in this special issue originated from the “Motherhood to mother-hoods: Ideologies of the ‘Feminine’” conference held at Chapman University in Orange, California, on April 28-30, 2023. Against the background of intense discussions on women’s reproductive rights in the United States (US), the conference provided a fertile ground for reexamining motherhood as a concept extending beyond essentialist and biological determinations

An Emic View of Student Writing and the Writing Process

This study uses student reflections of previous success in academic writing to guide instructors as they design writing assignments. Seventy-one students in five classes responded to a questionnaire designed to help them identify particularly successful writing experiences and reflect on the circumstances, strategies, and methods they believed impacted their success. Student responses to these questions were analyzed to identify broad categories or themes. This process produced an emic or insider\u27s view of what constitutes successful writing assignments and writing process. The findings suggest that students self report their writing as successful when the writing assignment engenders engagement, commitment, collaboration, a systematic approach, and opportunities for external confirmation. Instructors can include these considerations as they plan the writing assignments for their courses. Discovering what student writers believe constitutes good writing and what strategies most effectively help them produce high quality writing provides an opportunity to design writing assignments that empower students to join the conversation in their discourse community. If faculty are aware of student perceptions of writing assignments and use those perceptions in assignment design, the products may be more satisfying for both student writers and faculty readers

Epistemology Shock: English Professors Confront Science

This article raises questions and concerns regarding students from the sciences working with faculty in the humanities in interdisciplinary settings. It explores the experience of two English professors facing the privileging of facts and a science-based understanding of the world in their own classrooms. It poses both questions and pedagogical possibilities for addressing conflicts around epistemologies, scholarship, and teaching and learning

Conduct in Narrativized Trust Games

We “narrativize” a basic extensive form trust game by placing participants in a story that contextualizes the interaction with an unforeseeable future. In our narrative experiment, participants consider each decision as a character, advancing the story with their choices for salient payoffs. Our interest is in understanding how participants apply Adam Smith\u27s rules of beneficent and just conduct in our narrativized games with epistemic conditions of an unknown future, conditions which aren\u27t possible in extensive form. We invite our readers to participate in the story of the results, making meaning as participants in a narrative that unfolds with their choices

Characterization of distinct subpopulations of hepatic macrophages in HFD/obese mice.

The current dogma is that obesity-associated hepatic inflammation is due to increased Kupffer cell (KC) activation. However, recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) were recently shown to represent a sizable liver macrophage population in the context of obesity. Therefore, we assessed whether KCs and RHMs, or both, represent the major liver inflammatory cell type in obesity. We used a combination of in vivo macrophage tracking methodologies and adoptive transfer techniques in which KCs and RHMs are differentially labeled with fluorescent markers. With these approaches, the inflammatory phenotype of these distinct macrophage populations was determined under lean and obese conditions. In vivo macrophage tracking revealed an approximately sixfold higher number of RHMs in obese mice than in lean mice, whereas the number of KCs was comparable. In addition, RHMs comprised smaller size and immature, monocyte-derived cells compared with KCs. Furthermore, RHMs from obese mice were more inflamed and expressed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 than RHMs from lean mice. A comparison of the MCP-1/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) chemokine system between the two cell types showed that the ligand (MCP-1) is more highly expressed in KCs than in RHMs, whereas CCR2 expression is approximately fivefold greater in RHMs. We conclude that KCs can participate in obesity-induced inflammation by causing the recruitment of RHMs, which are distinct from KCs and are not precursors to KCs. These RHMs then enhance the severity of obesity-induced inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance

Supercharges, Quantum States and Angular Momentum for N=4 Supersymmetric Monopoles

We revisit the moduli space approximation to the quantum mechanics of monopoles in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Higgs theory with maximal symmetry breaking. Starting with the observation that the set of fermionic zero-modes in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Higgs theory can be viewed as two copies of the set of fermionic zero-modes in the N=2 version, we build a model to describe the quantum mechanics of N=4 supersymmetric monopoles, based on our previous paper [1] on the N=2 case, in which this doubling of fermionic zero-modes is manifest throughout. Our final picture extends the familiar result that quantum states are described by differential forms on the moduli space and that the Hamiltonian operator is the Laplacian acting on forms. In particular, we derive a general expression for the total angular momentum operator on the moduli space which differs from the naive candidate by the adjoint action of the complex structures. We also express all the supercharges in terms of (twisted) Dolbeault operators and illustrate our results by discussing, in some detail, the N=4 supersymmetric quantum dynamics of monopoles in a theory with gauge group SU(3) broken to U(1) x U(1).Comment: Updated references, included a derivation of the angular momentum operator, 32 page

Temporal and spatial occurrence of thin phytoplankton layers in relation to physical processes

In 1996 three cruises were conducted to simultaneously quantify the fine-scale optical and physical structure of the water column. Data from 120 profiles were used to investigate the temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of thin layers of phytoplankton as they relate to variations in physical processes. Thin layers ranged in thickness from a few centimeters to a few meters. They may extend horizontally for kilometers and persist for days. Thin layers are a recurring feature in the marine environment; they were observed and measured in 54% of our profiles. Physical processes are important in the temporal and spatial distribution of thin layers. Thin layer depth was closely associated with depth and strength of the pycnocline. Over 71% of all thin layers were located at the base of, or within, the pycnocline. The strong statistical relationships between thin layers and physical structure indicate that we cannot understand thin layer dynamics without understanding both local circulation patterns and regional physical forcing

Comprehensive Cell Surface Antigen Analysis Identifies Transferrin Receptor Protein-1 (CD71) as a Negative Selection Marker for Human Neuronal Cells.

Cell state-, developmental stage-, and lineage-specific combinatorial expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules enables the identification of cellular subsets via multicolor flow cytometry. We describe an exhaustive characterization of neural cell types by surface antigens, exploiting human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell systems. Using multiwell screening approaches followed by detailed validation of expression patterns and dynamics, we exemplify a strategy for resolving cellular heterogeneity in stem cell paradigms. In addition to providing a catalog of surface antigens expressed in the neural lineage, we identified the transferrin receptor-1 (CD71) to be differentially expressed in neural stem cells and differentiated neurons. In this context, we describe a role for N-Myc proto-oncogene (MYCN) in maintaining CD71 expression in proliferating neural cells. We report that in vitro human stem cell-derived neurons lack CD71 surface expression and that the observed differential expression can be used to identify and enrich CD71- neuronal derivatives from heterogeneous cultures. Stem Cells 2019;37:1293-1306

The role of gelatinous macrozooplankton in deep-sea carbon transport in Cape Verde Cruise No. POS532

4/2/2019 – 24/2/2019, Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde) – Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde) DeepC-Jelly We proposed to test the hypothesis that large gelatinous macrozooplankton (e.g. tunicates, hydrozoans) are a significant carbon storage in midwater, and a vector for carbon from midwater to the ocean floor in Cape Verde. To test this hypothesis, we studied 1) the distribution, diversity and abundance of gelatinous organisms in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic zone, 2) their role in transporting carbon through the pelagic foodweb to the seafloor and 3) their behavior and associations. We worked in the coastal deep sea off Santo Antão and Fogo as well as in the open ocean at the time series station CVOO and an eddy. A manned submersible was used for mesopelagic surveys, to document the behaviour and associations of deep-sea organisms and to collect living specimens. We performed pelagic video transects, discrete net sampling, and eDNA sampling down to 3000 m. ADCP and CTD transects allowed a detailed reconstruction of the effect of the islands on currents and productivity. To quantify the carbon flux of pelagic foodfalls, we also surveyed the seafloor. Sample and video analysis is still in progress, but first results indicate the impact of the pelagic tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum, which is an upwelling-favored species largely absent from the oligotrophic open ocean, in the nearshore regions of Cape Verde as well as in the cyclonic eddy sampled. It was also observed on the seafloor and resembles a food source and a habitat in the water column and in the benthos. Specimens of pelagic fauna were collected that allow new species descriptions. New records and a new species for the region were also observed during benthic surveys. The cruise was documented in various outreach activities including national television in Cabo Verde

AdS_7/CFT_6, Gauss-Bonnet Gravity, and Viscosity Bound

We study the relation between the causality and the positivity of energy bounds in Gauss-Bonnet gravity in AdS_7 background and find a precise agreement. Requiring the group velocity of metastable states to be bounded by the speed of light places a bound on the value of Gauss-Bonnet coupling. To find the positivity of energy constraints we compute the parameters which determine the angular distribution of the energy flux in terms of three independent coefficients specifying the three-point function of the stress-energy tensor. We then relate the latter to the Weyl anomaly of the six-dimensional CFT and compute the anomaly holographically. The resulting upper bound on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling coincides with that from causality and results in a new bound on viscosity/entropy ratio.Comment: 21 page, harvmac; v2: reference adde