Analysis and Classification of British-Canadian Children's Traditional Singing Games

Ann Osborn-Seyffert raconte comment elle a essayé de développer un programme denseignement musical basé sur le système elle avait étudié en Hongrie. En se servant des collections Creighton et Fowke, aussi bien que des résultats de ses propres recherches sur le terrain, elle décrit comment analyser à laide de lordinateur les mélodies communes des chansons denfants courantes au Canada

Comer y ser comido: Los animales en la tradición Oral U'W A (Tunebo)

Los u'wa - más conocidos como tunebos en la literatura etnográfica- habitaban en la cordillera oriental andina de Colombia. Estaban organizados en grupos de tipo "clan"; parece, además, que grupos de ocho de estos "clanes" conformaban federaiciones. Cada federación tenía un punto central de referencia; sus miembros se consideraban a sí mismos como "la gente" con relación - y en cierta oposición- a los miembros de otras federaciones. Una de estas agrupaciones ocupaban los alrededores de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Chita, Chisgas, o Güican) en el actual departamento de Boyacá, donde continuó asentada por mucho tiempo, después de la llegada y la conquista de los españoles. Esas gentes residían en tres diferentes zonas, ubicadas a niveles distintos, y explotaban además un cuarto nivel; sus descendientes en la actualidad habitan y explotan las mismas zonas, si bien ya reducidas en extensión. En cada una de estas zonas y niveles celebraban su mitología cantada a medida que, a lo largo de sus estaciones, llevaban a cabo las distintas actividades de las que esta mitología formaba parte. De manera similar, sus descendientes celebran hoy en día su mitología cantada a lo largo del ciclo anual de estaciones (Osborn 1982 y en prensa)

Brief Amici Curiae of Intellectual Property Professors in Support of Petitioner, No. 18-600, Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. V. Renesas Electronics America, Inc.

To comply with the obligations of the Uruguay Round Agreements, particularly the Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), Congress amended 35 U.S.C. § 271(a) to make it an act of infringement to “offer to sell” a patented invention within the United States. See Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. No. 103-465, §§ 531-533, 108 Stat. 4809 (1994). The Federal Circuit has interpreted this provision in a manner contrary to the presumption against the extraterritorial reach of United States laws. The Federal Circuit has held that location of the ultimate sale contemplated in the offer controls the locus of the act of infringement, not the location of the offer. Transocean Offshore Deepwater Drilling, Inc. v. Maersk Contractors USA, Inc., 617 F.3d 1296, 1309 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (holding that “the location of the contemplated sale controls whether there is an offer to sell within the United States.”). The Federal Circuit further clarified that an offer made in the United States to sell the invention abroad is not infringing. Halo Elecs., Inc. v. Pulse Elecs., Inc., 831 F.3d 1369, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2016). As a result, the court has created an odd dichotomy: activity entirely outside of the United States can trigger liability for infringement of a United States patent, whereas activity within the United States does not. Such an approach is inconsistent with the presumption against extraterritoriality, particularly the two-step framework of RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. European Community, 136 S. Ct. 2090, 2101 (2016). This issue is of considerable importance, and this case is an excellent vehicle for assessing the appropriate territorial scope of § 271(a)

Foundations of the DEFT Project: tertiary educators Developing Expertise Fostering Thinking

We describe the rationale, creation, and activity of a long-term co-constructed voluntary professional development initiative for tertiary educators. This is a Community of Practice (CoP) formed to investigate “thinking” as a topic which may be explicitly taught. The aim of this paper is to share the value of this CoP in one context and insights into how similar approaches may be useful to other tertiary educators. The project has run for a year to date, involving a small but growing collective of tertiary educators, with members from one Canadian and several Australian Universities. Our methodology is participatory: we regularly meet, reflect, and record our reflections. Our records contain data relating to our motivation, our insights, and the impact of these upon our choices in our teaching practices. In particular, our rationale includes the mutual desire to invest in developing understanding of our teaching challenges, to enable us to create thoughtful teaching approaches fit for our purposes and contexts. Hence, the central focus of our CoP is the Development of our Expertise in Fostering Thinking (DEFT). This focus has illuminated gaps in existing scholarly literature pertaining to communal development of theory, personal development of schemata, capacity for reflexivity, and instantiation in our disciplines. Opportunities and risks associated with our other sources of professional learning are identified and discussed. We elaborate on a double-layered approach, in which we explore the construction of our own schemata as a precursor to helping students build their schemata as a foundation for their own understanding, and the role of flexible, critical, and creative thinking on our part. We utilise the scholarship of expertise, frequently returning to such questions as “How do we know what our students are thinking?” Insights gleaned from our reflections are shared, and recommendations are presented on the formation of similar projects

Low-Temperature Bonding of Copper Pillars for All-Copper Chipto-Substrate Interconnections

A copper-to-copper bonding process was developed for an all-copper, chip-to-substrate interconnect technology. High aspect ratio polymer molds for electroplating were formed using a photodefinable polymer on both the chip and the substrate surfaces. Copper pillars were fabricated by electroplating metal in the polymer molds. The chip-to-substrate all-copper connections were formed by joining the two pillars with electroless copper plating followed by an anneal process. The copper-to-copper bonding of the high aspect ratio pillars does not require the use of solder or other noncopper metals. Mechanical shear force measurements were used to characterize the bonding process as a function of annealing conditions. Excellent bond strength of the electrolessly joined pillars was achieved with a 250°C anneal, with the bond strength of the copper pillar interconnects exceeding 148 MPa. High aspect ratio pillars can provide mechanical compliance, and the electroless fabrication method compensates for pillar misalignment and nonplanarity of the bonded surfaces

Potential gains in life expectancy from reducing amenable mortality among people diagnosed with serious mental illness in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: To estimate the potential gain in life expectancy from addressing modifiable risk factors for all-cause mortality (excluding suicide and deaths from accidents or violence) across specific serious mental illness (SMI) subgroups, namely schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, and bipolar disorders in a Western population. METHODS: We have used relative risks from recent meta-analyses to estimate the population attribution fraction (PAF) due to specific modifiable risk factors known to be associated with all-cause mortality within SMI. The potential gain in life expectancy at birth, age 50 and age 65 years were assessed by estimating the combined effect of modifiable risk factors from different contextual levels (behavioural, healthcare, social) and accounting for the effectiveness of existing interventions tackling these factors. Projections for annual gain in life expectancy at birth during a two-decade was estimated using the Annual Percentage Change (APC) formula. The predicted estimates were based on mortality rates for year 2014-2015. RESULTS: Based on the effectiveness of existing interventions targeting these modifiable risk factors, we estimated potential gain in life expectancy at birth of four (bipolar disorders), six (schizoaffective disorders), or seven years (schizophrenia). The gain in life expectancy at age 50 years was three (bipolar disorders) or five (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders) years. The projected gain in life expectancy at age 65 years was three (bipolar disorders) or four (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders) years. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of existing interventions targeting modifiable risk factors could narrow the current mortality gap between the general and the SMI populations by 24% (men) to 28% (women). These projections represent ideal circumstances and without the limitation of overestimation which often comes with PAFs

The “DEFT” Project

The student experience of university is shaped in part by what lecturers – who are significant figures and role models – expect of students. In particular, what is the type and quality of thinking that we expect students to be engaging in? The DEFT (Developing Expertise Fostering Thinking) Project is a Professional Development Project being co-created and undertaken by a group of university lecturers across diverse institutions and contexts. We are interested in how our students think, what they think about, and how we can be more effective and precise in fostering thinking amongst our cohorts. This work builds on scholarly literature on the nature of expertise – the quality we want to develop. In particular we draw upon the PhD of one of our number, Peter Ellerton, who leads the University of Queensland Critical Thinking Project. We also draw upon inspiration from considerations as to the nature of mathematical thinking. Our work is strongly but not exclusively contextualized within the Mathematical Sciences. The approach is a praxis approach, drawing upon the growing practical expertise of each of us as educators working within Universities in Australia and Canada. In working together across diverse institutions and time zones, we are utilising videoconferencing for regular meetings in which we discuss our work and approaches. We discuss our current practices, and reflect upon these in the light of our theoretical framing. A keystone of the work is the assumption that (both for ourselves as educators and our students as developing professionals in diverse field) the development of expertise relies upon building understanding and conceptual schema through (deliberate) practice

Assessment of an incentivised scheme to provide annual health checks in primary care for adults with intellectual disability: a longitudinal cohort study

Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have many comorbidities but experience inequities in access to health care. National Health Service England uses an opt-in incentive scheme to encourage annual health checks of patients with ID in primary care. We investigated whether the first 3 years of the programme had improved health care of people with ID. Methods We did a longitudinal cohort study that used data from The Health Improvement Network primary care database. We did multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between various characteristics and whether or not practices had opted in to the incentivised scheme. Findings We assessed data for 8692 patients from 222 incentivised practices and those for 918 patients in 48 non-incentivised practices. More blood tests (eg, total cholesterol, odds ratio [OR] 1·88, 95% CI 1·47–2·41, p<0·0001) general health measurements (eg, smoking status, 6·0, 4·10–8·79, p<0·0001), specific health assessments (eg, hearing, 24·0, 11·5–49·9, p<0·0001), and medication reviews (2·23, 1·68–2·97, p<0·0001) were done in incentivised than in non-incentivised practices, and more health action plans (6·15, 1·41–26·9, p=0·0156) and secondary care referrals (1·47, 1·05–2·05, p=0·0256) were made. Identification rates were higher in incentivised practices for thyroid disorder (OR 2·72, 95% CI 1·09–6·81, p=0·0323), gastrointestinal disorders (1·94, 1·03–3·65, p=0·0390), and obesity (2·49, 1·76–3·53, p<0·0001). Interpretation Targeted annual health checks for people with ID in primary care could reduce health inequities

Diverging trends in smoking behaviours according to mental health status

Introduction: People with mental health disorders are much more likely to smoke compared to those who do not. This study investigates recent trends in smoking behaviors among both these populations in England. Methods: We used survey responses from adults (aged 16 years and older) living in households in England who participated in the Health Survey for England from 1993 to 2011 (n = 11,300 per year on average). Linear regression was used to quantify annual changes over the time period in smoking prevalence, daily cigarette consumption, and desire to quit among respondents with and without 2 indicators of mental disorder (self-reported longstanding mental illness and recent use of psychoactive medication). Results: Among survey respondents who did not report a longstanding mental illness, there were long-term declines in smoking prevalence (−0.48% per year, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.56 to −0.40) and daily cigarette consumption (−0.14% per year, 95% CI = −0.17 to −0.11). Similar declines were also seen among respondents not taking psychoactive medications. However, there were no long-term changes in smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption among respondents who reported these indicators of mental disorder, although smoking prevalence among those taking psychoactive medications may have declined during the later part of the study period. Smokers both with and without the 2 indicators of mental disorder showed similar levels of desire to quit smoking. Conclusions: Smoking is largely unchanged since 1993 among those with indicators of longstanding mental disorders or recent psychoactive medication usage, although declines have been observed among those without such indicators of mental disorder