O tempo subjectivo como instrumento (des)adaptativo no processo desenvolvi - mental

A Perspectiva Temporal – PT (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) é o processo através do qual as experiências pessoais e sociais dos sujeitos são categorizadas, arquivadas e recuperadas mediante categorias temporais que têm por base as noções subjectivas do passado, o presente e o futuro. Assim, através de uma análise da PT é possível compreender mudanças em diversas variáveis, tenham estas um carácter funcional (auto-estima, investimento escolar, comportamentos pró-activos e de empreendedorismo) ou disfuncional (consumo de drogas, comportamentos de risco, depressão) no processo desenvolvimental dos sujeitos. São apresentados dois estudos, de forma a validar esta tese. No primeiro é explorada a relação entre a PT e o desempenho académico, os resultados sugerem que os sujeitos com uma forte visão Fatalista do Presente assim como aqueles com baixa orientação para o Futuro, apresentam piores resultados académicos do que aqueles com uma forte orientação pessoal para o Futuro, resultados que são coincidentes com outros estudos prévios (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004; Lens & Tsuzuki, 2007). No segundo estudo é analisada a relação da PT com a auto-estima, no qual se verifica uma importante relação entre as dimensões de Passado Negativo, Presente Hedonista e Futuro Negativo com a auto-estima

A global look at time: a 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes

Perspektywa czasowa a samoocena: wpływ negatywnej temporalności na sposób oceniania samego siebie

Time Perspective is the process by which people categorize, archive and recover personal and social experiences through temporal frames (past, present, and future), influencing various aspects of human behaviour and cognition. It was proposed that it is related to selfesteem, though until now the main approach when exploring this relation was correlational. In this study, we explore a structural equation model of Time Perspective’s association with Self-Esteem. The sample was composed of 474 undergraduate students with a mean age of 19 years. The final model presented a high predictive power of Self-Esteem (R2 =.39, p < .001) and good fit indices (x2/df = 2.1, CFI = .94, GFI = .91, RMSEA = .05) with two temporal dimensions entering the model: Past Negative (βSelf-Esteem.PastNegative = -.52, p < .001) and Future-Negative (βSelf-Esteem.FutureNegative = -.17, p < .001) showing that negative affects of time dimensions (rather than positive ones) are more related to Self-Esteem. Results are discussed in relation to Self-Esteem and TP literature

Budismo y Personalidad. Estudio mixto cualitativo-cuantitativo en la Soka Gakkai Internacional del Uruguay

The present research focuses on the effects of Buddhist practice (daimoku), community belongingness, and beliefs on the personality and subjective temporality of members of Soka Gakkai International in Uruguay. We used a mixed quantitativequalitative design, which included the application of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire/Short-Form and the Dark Future Scale psychometric scales and qualitative in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 22 subjects who, compared to a control group, showed: i. significantly lower scores with a mediumsized effect for the neuroticism-anxiety trait and each of its facets (anxiety, depression, dependence, and low self-esteem) and for the aggressiveness-hostility trait and its facet verbal aggression; ii. significantly higher scores and medium effect size for the sociability-extraversion trait and its positive emotions and social warmth facets, and for the general activity facet; and iii. significantly lower scores and a large-sized effect for future anxiety. In-depth interviews reveal a high valuation of daimoku practice as promoting positive changes in self-esteem, anxiety, mood, sociability, activity, and subjective temporality. Buddhist beliefs and community were also positively valued. &nbsp;La presente investigación estudia los efectos de la práctica (daimoku), la pertenencia a la comunidad y las creencias budistas en la personalidad y temporalidad subjetiva de personas pertenecientes a la organización Soka Gakkai Internacional del Uruguay. Se utilizó un diseño mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo que incluyó la aplicación de las escalas psicométricas Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire / Short-Form y Dark Future Scale y entrevistas en profundidad. La muestra consistió en 22 sujetos que, comparados con un grupo de control, obtuvieron: i. puntuaciones significativamente más bajas y con un tamaño del efecto medio para el rasgo neuroticismo-ansiedad y cada una de sus facetas (ansiedad, depresión, dependencia y baja autoestima) y para el rasgo agresividad-hostilidad y su faceta de agresión verbal; ii. puntuaciones significativamente más altas y con un tamaño del efecto medio en el rasgo sociabilidad-extraversión y sus facetas emociones positivas y calidez social, y en la faceta actividad general; iii. puntuaciones significativamente más bajas y con un tamaño del efecto grande para ansiedad de futuro. Las entrevistas en profundidad muestran una gran valoración de la práctica del daimoku como propiciador de cambios positivos en términos de autoestima, ansiedad, estado de ánimo, sociabilidad, actividad y temporalidad subjetiva. Las creencias budistas y la comunidad son también valoradas positivamente

Time perspective profiles of cultures

This chapter summarises some results of the International Time Perspective Research Project, which is a collaborative cross-cultural study of time perspective carried out in 24 countries. The highlights of structural equivalence assessment study are presented, showing the cross-cultural invariance of 36 items of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scale. The associations between country-level ZTPI scores and other culture-level indicators, including the Human Development Index and Hofstede cultural dimensions, are presented and discussed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, five distinct profiles of time perspective were found (future-oriented, present-oriented, balanced, moderately fatalistic, and negative), and significant differences in the prevalence of these profiles across cultures were found. Implications and perspectives for future research are discussed