Quantum-Assisted Learning of Hardware-Embedded Probabilistic Graphical Models

Mainstream machine-learning techniques such as deep learning and probabilistic programming rely heavily on sampling from generally intractable probability distributions. There is increasing interest in the potential advantages of using quantum computing technologies as sampling engines to speed up these tasks or to make them more effective. However, some pressing challenges in state-of-the-art quantum annealers have to be overcome before we can assess their actual performance. The sparse connectivity, resulting from the local interaction between quantum bits in physical hardware implementations, is considered the most severe limitation to the quality of constructing powerful generative unsupervised machine-learning models. Here we use embedding techniques to add redundancy to data sets, allowing us to increase the modeling capacity of quantum annealers. We illustrate our findings by training hardware-embedded graphical models on a binarized data set of handwritten digits and two synthetic data sets in experiments with up to 940 quantum bits. Our model can be trained in quantum hardware without full knowledge of the effective parameters specifying the corresponding quantum Gibbs-like distribution; therefore, this approach avoids the need to infer the effective temperature at each iteration, speeding up learning; it also mitigates the effect of noise in the control parameters, making it robust to deviations from the reference Gibbs distribution. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of using quantum annealers for implementing generative models, and it provides a suitable framework for benchmarking these quantum technologies on machine-learning-related tasks.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. Minor further revisions. As published in Phys. Rev.

Expressive power and complexity of a logic with quantifiers that count proportions of sets

We present a second-order logic of proportional quantifiers, SOLP, which is essentially a first-order language extended with quantifiers that act upon second-order variables of a given arity r and count the fraction of elements in a subset of r-tuples of a model that satisfy a formula. Our logic is capable of expressing proportional versions of different problems of complexity up to NP-hard as, for example, the problem of deciding if at least a fraction 1/n of the set of vertices of a graph form a clique; and fragments within our logic capture complexity classes as NL and P, with auxiliary ordering relation. When restricted to monadic second-order variables, our logic of proportional quantifiers admits a semantic approximation based on almost linear orders, which is not as weak as other known logics with counting quantifiers (restricted to almost orders), for it does not have the bounded number of degrees property. Moreover, we show that, in this almost-ordered setting, different fragments of this logic vary in their expressive power, and show the existence of an infinite hierarchy inside our monadic language. We extend our inexpressibility result of almost-ordered structure to a fragment of SOLP, which in the presence of full order captures P. To obtain all our inexpressibility results, we developed combinatorial games appropriate for these logics, whose application could go beyond the almost-ordered models and hence are interesting by themselves.Peer ReviewedPreprin

La actividad física, el entrenamiento continuo e intervalo: una solución para la salud

El propósito de este documento fue reportar los beneficios de la actividad física, entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado en adultos sedentarios y físicamente activos. La actividad física involucra cualquier movimiento corporal que produce un aumento en el gasto energético en el metabolismo, mientras que el entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado puede ser utilizado para controlar el programa de cargas de entrenamiento (intensidad, volumen y pausa). Los beneficios que se han reportado cuando se realiza actividad física son; el incremento o mantenimiento de la condición física muscular, funciones cognitivas, cardio-respiratoria, equilibrio, peso corporal, control de la obesidad, todos ellos disminuyen los riesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfernedades crónico respiratorias, diabetes, presión alterial alta, sindrome metabolico, cancer de colón, depresión y todas las causas de mortalidad. En contraste, la falta de actividad fisica a ha sido identificada como factor de riesgo y esta asociada a diversas enfemedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. En este documento puntualizamos dos tipos de entrenamiento que han tenido aplicaciones para la salud en adultos. Este trabajo podría ayudar a promover la salud calidad de vida de la población adulta y eliminar el sedentarismo mediante la prescripción de la actividad física para la salud

Giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Liposarcoma is the most frequent histopathological variety of the retroperitoneum, surgery is the gold standard for treatment.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed with a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma. The patient received palliative treatment due to non-resectability on the basis of chemotherapy. We decided to perform surgery after no benefit was received with systemic treatment. Complete macroscopic resection of the tumor was performed, without multi-organ resection. The patient is currently alive and disease free at 14 months of evolution.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Retroperitoneal liposarcomas represent a unique situation and require a more aggressive surgical approach including multiple resections for recurrences. Based on the ability of the patient to tolerate the procedure, surgery is suggested to evaluate resectability of the tumor. We must take into consideration whether prolonged survival will be attained and tumor removal will result in palliation of symptoms.</p

Nutritional planning to run an Ultra-marathon, the Transvulcania: Case report

La Transvulcania es una competición individual de montaña con 74,6km, en la que se dispone de avituallamientos para cubrir las necesidades de alimentación e hidratación de los participantes. La importancia de la preparación dietético-nutricional radica en la prevención o disminución de problemas gastrointestinales, deshidratación, hiponatremia y fatiga, entre otros. El objetivo del presente informe es describir la planificación dietético-nutricional de un deportista que afronta este evento. Varón de 37 años con 10 años de experiencia deportiva, en el que se evaluaron los hábitos alimentarios, ingesta de suplementos, composición corporal. Para la planificación alimentaria de la Transvulcania, se tuvo en cuenta las recomendaciones dietético-nutricionales para deportistas en competición, tiempo medio, lugar de los avituallamientos y posible ingesta de alimentos/suplementos. La planificación dietético-nutricional en eventos de ultrarresistencia es un condicionante para realizar satisfactoriamente la prueba, tolerando e ingiriendo adecuadamente los alimentos/suplementos y evitando riesgos nutricionales como la deshidratación, fatiga, molestias gastrointestinales, etc.The Transvulcania is an individual mountain competition with 74,6km. The event has provisioning areas to meet the needs of nutrition and hydration of the participants. The importance of dietary-nutritional preparation is in preventing or reducing gastrointestinal problems, dehydration, hyponatremia, fatigue, among others. The aim is to describe the dietary and nutritional planning an athlete in this event. Eating habits, supplement intake and body composition were evaluated in a 37 years old male with 10 years of sports experience. Dietary and nutritional recommendations for athletes in competition, test time, refreshment areas and possible food intake/supplements were taken into account for dietary planning during the competition. The dietary and nutritional planning in ultra-endurance events is important to successfully perform the competition, tolerating and taking foods/supplements properly, and avoiding nutritional risk and dehydration, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances, etc

Recolección de información para la implementación de un laboratorio de química y física de suelos en la facultad de ingeniería y ciencias agropecuarias de la Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro

El presente documento constituye la recolección de información con miras para el montaje de un Laboratorio de Química y Física de Suelos en la facultad de ingeniería y ciencias agropecuarias de la Universidad Libre seccional Socorro, orientado en prestar servicio para análisis de fertilidad del suelo, puesto que la región santandereana domina el sector agricola superando las demás regiones. Se llevó a cabo la investigación de requerimientos legales para el funcionamiento del laboratorio, el diagnóstico situacional actual de la demanda y la oferta en la región, posteriormente se llevó a cabo la identificación de técnicas, equipos, materiales requeridos y faltantes para cada uno de los análisis ofertados por el laboratorio de suelos y así mismo se efectuaron los paquetes de análisis que puede ofrecer el laboratorio con referencia a la demanda de los agricultores de la región en especial con el gremio caficultor. Al recopilar la información suministrados de la norma ICONTEC se consolidaron instructivos para cada uno de los análisis, y matrices que corroboran el desarrollo y cuantificación de reactivos, calibraciones de equipos, materiales y equipos necesarios para cada análisis a realizar. En conclusión, el laboratorio de química y física de suelos podría ofrecer veinte análisis (pH, conductividad eléctrica, fosforo disponible, azufre, nitrógeno, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, carbono orgánico, boro, humedad, textura, densidad, aluminio, bases cambiables (Ca, Mg, Na, K)), con el fin de determinar la fertilidad de los suelos agrícolas, dichos análisis se ofertarían según requerimientos del cliente ya sea individual o por paquetes, entre ellos la caracterización la cual se espera sea el de mayor demanda. El procesamiento inicialmente se sugiere que sea por lotes de 50 muestras por semana y la entrega de resultados de 10 días hábiles después de su recepción en el laboratorio. El Laboratorio de Física y Química de Suelos se dimensiona integrando la prestación de servicios y la proyección social por el contacto directo con el sector productor agrícola. Además de brindar apoyo práctico y eficiente para el desarrollo de proyectos y actividades académicas que lo requieran.  Por último, los pasantes estuvieron recopilando y aportando información en el desarrollo de informe de plan de costos y mercadeo en conjunto con el grupo de trabajo del proyecto, presentando estrategias de márquetin y recolección de información de posibles proveedores para la compra de materiales, equipos, insumos y reactivos, de los cuelas se obtuvieron diez cotizaciones.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro - Facultad de Ingenierias y Ciencias AgropecuariasThis document constitutes the collection of information with a view to setting up a Soil Chemistry and Physics Laboratory in the Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences of the Socorro Free University, aimed at providing a service for soil fertility analysis, since The Santander region dominates the agricultural sector, surpassing the other regions. The investigation of legal requirements for the operation of the laboratory was carried out, the current situational diagnosis of demand and supply in the region was carried out, subsequently, the identification of techniques, equipment, required and missing materials for each of the analyzes offered by the soil laboratory and also the analysis packages that the laboratory can offer were carried out with reference to the demand of the farmers of the region, especially with the coffee growers' union. When compiling the information supplied from the ICONTEC standard, instructions were consolidated for each of the analyzes, and matrices that corroborate the development and quantification of reagents, calibrations of equipment, materials and equipment necessary for each analysis to be carried out. In conclusion, the soil chemistry and physics laboratory could offer twenty analyzes (pH, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, boron, moisture, texture, density, aluminum, changeable bases (Ca, Mg, Na, K)), in order to determine the fertility of agricultural soils, said analyzes would be offered according to customer requirements either individually or by packages, including the characterization which it is expected to be the one with the highest demand. The initial processing is suggested to be in batches of 50 samples per week and the delivery of results within 10 working days after receipt in the laboratory. The Soil Physics and Chemistry Laboratory is dimensioned by integrating the provision of services and social projection through direct contact with the agricultural producer sector. In addition to providing practical and efficient support for the development of projects and academic activities that require it. Finally, the interns were collecting and providing information in the development of the cost and marketing plan report in conjunction with the project work group, presenting marketing strategies and gathering information from possible suppliers for the purchase of materials, equipment, inputs and reagents, ten quotes were obtained from them

Consultoría Integral en una empresa constructora de obra electromecánica, obra civil y servicios en el municipio de Zapopan

ITESO, A.C