Investigating the cross-disciplinary components of earthquake early warning systems

Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems typically provide early estimates of earthquake magnitude, hypocentre location and/or ground-shaking estimates, as well as alerts ranging from a few seconds to tens of seconds, before the arrival of the damaging ground shaking at a target site. The warnings provided by these systems allow for the implementation of fast protection actions carried out by individuals like ‘drop, cover, and hold-on’, or the evacuation of buildings if the lead time is long enough. Nevertheless, the information and warning time provided by an EEW system could also be used by earthquake engineers as EEW seems to bear a powerful potential for the automatic activation of protection measures for infrastructure and critical systems, aiming at the reduction of risk due to earthquakes. Such automatic actions may include stopping elevators at the nearest floor, opening firehouse doors, slowing rapid-transit vehicles and high-speed trains to avoid accidents, to mention some. Few are the attempts found in literature about engineering applicability of EEW. This scarcity might be related to the fact that the real-time estimation of earthquake source parameters contains considerable uncertainty that may lead to potential economic losses if false or missed alarms are not avoided. However, different state-of-the-art studies regarding decision-making procedures for EEW have suggested more reliable approaches that can potentially reduce the uncertainty in the estimates provided by the system (e.g., earthquake source parameters and ground shaking), reducing the probability of triggering missed/false alarms, and therefore minimising the expected losses. The potential of designing new real-time advanced building protection applications for EEW is the motivation of this thesis. Mainly, two applications are considered: 1) Design of controlled structural systems using the early warning information, particularly, the use of semi-active devices denominated magnetorheological dampers. A control algorithm that governs the behaviour of the dampers is calibrated to obtain the most favourable response of a benchmark structure equipped with one damper. The results reveal that the developed EEW-based control algorithm can effectively reduce the expected loss of the considered case-study structure. 2) Prediction of shaking demands that can be expected in mid-rise to high-rise buildings, using a simplified continuum building model. A series of illustrative examples show how the newly developed prediction models can be efficiently used, in a Bayesian framework, for building-specific EEW applications based on the (acceleration) response in buildings, such as a) early warning of floor-shaking sensed by occupants; and b) control of elevator in buildings. The progress of technology and advances in the scientific understanding of engineering and seismology have promoted the rapid development of EEW systems around the world. However, their effectiveness is often limited as they lack the integration between their technical and social components. This thesis also aims at filling this gap to investigate which measures could be needed to increase the organisational resilience of local community stakeholders and the private sector. This topic is explored by implementing a mixed-method approach on the case study Mexico City (Mexico), that can be considered an area at risk due to the combination of high seismic hazard, structural and social vulnerabilities. This thesis shows the promising applicability of engineered applications of EEW systems and suggests a robust framework for the integration of the technical and societal components of EEW

A RECORD OF “DILUTION” PLUMAGE ABERRATION IN THE RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (TIGRISOMA LINEATUM)

Plumage aberrations are common in wild birds; however, there are few documented records for most Neotropical bird species. Here, we present the first documented record of dilution plumage aberration in Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum). In August 2017, we observed an individual of Rufescent Tiger-Heron with a “diluted” plumage coloration compared to the typical coloration for this species. With yellowish-brown feathers in head and neck, and especially a pale gray coloration in upperparts, the overall appearance seems to be, most likely, a case of “Pastel” dilution aberration. However, the pale gray tones may have been caused by the light conditions during obser- vation which make it difficult to determine the dilution type with certainty. The documentation of these cases can be a valuable source of information to understand chromatic aberrations and variations between different groups of birds

Vocation, school trajectory and academic performance in university students

The present investigation turned toward the generation 2009-2014, from the psychology career of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas. The main objective of this study was to determine whether there is a significant correlation between vocational definition, the academic performance, and the school career in the students at the end of the career, in addition to identifying if these same variables are predictors of a successful academic trajectory. The approach was of the quantitative type and correlationaltransactional,106 cases were analyzed. The instrument that was used was the questionnaire “Vocational Inventory of Polygonal Preferences”. For the analysis, the statistical package SPSS was used through the Chi-2 statistic test. After the results, it was found that there is no significant correlation between the vocational definition, the school trajectory and the academic performance of the university students. It is concluded in this study that the vocational definition is not strictly a predictor in the school career, nor the academic performance.La presente investigación se volcó hacia la generación 2009-2014, de la carrera de psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar si existe correlación significativa entre la definición vocacional, el rendimiento académico y la trayectoria escolar en los estudiantes al concluir la carrera, además de identificar si estas mismas variables son predictoras de una trayectoria académica exitosa. El enfoque fue de tipo cuantitativo y correlacional-transeccional. Se analizaron 106 casos. El instrumento que se utilizó fue el cuestionario “Inventario Vocacional de Preferencias Poligonales”. Para el análisis se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS a través de la prueba estadística Chi-2. Tras los resultados se encontró que no existe correlación significativa entre la definición vocacional, la trayectoria escolar y el rendimiento académico de los universitarios. Se concluye en este estudio que la definición vocacional no es propiamente predictora en la trayectoria escolar, ni el rendimiento académico

Individuals and institutions: a view from lived religiosity

El presente artículo recoge un avance de investigación internacional titulada Religión Vivida en América Latina, restringida para este trabajo solo al caso del Uruguay. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que pone el énfasis en comprender cómo se vive la religiosidad en América Latina desde la perspectiva de las personas y no de las instituciones o líderes religiosos. Se realizaron 160 entrevistas a 80 personas focalizando, a los efectos de esta publicación, el trabajo en la tensión entre el individuo y las instituciones. Los vínculos, la autonomía de los individuos, los distanciamientos y la forma de ser interpretados por las personas, se expresan en función de cómo los viven los católicos, los evangélicos, los participantes de religiones afroamericanas, los creyentes sin afiliación y ateos.This article presents the advance of an international research project entitled Living Religion in Latin America, restricted to this work only in the case of Uruguay. It is a qualitative research that puts the emphasis on trying to understand how individuals live religiosity in Latin America from the perspective of the people and not of the institutions or religious leaders. For this purpose, we made one hundred and sixty interviews with 80 people. For the purposes of this publication, the work focuses on the tension between the individual and the institutions. The links, the autonomy of individuals, distances and the way of being interpreted by the people, are expressed in terms of how Catholics, evangelicals, participants in African-American religions, believers without affiliation and atheists live religiosity

Estilos de pensamiento, perfil de ingreso, rendimiento escolar y personalidad en jóvenes universitarios

The present study was carried out with the main purpose of correlating the income profile, the school trajectory (with the average indicator) with the variable styles of thought and personality, of the students that culminated their credits a to psychology career in Autonomous University of Zacatecas. 2009-2014 generation, whit 106 students, at career, 86% female sex, and 16% male sex, the average age of them was 17 years. The research was oriented under a quantitative-correlational, transectional of approach cohort. The instruments evaluated were: Thinking Styles Questionnaire and the TEA Personality Test. The analysis was performed using the Chi-2 statistical test, in order to find the correlation (among income profile, average, thinking styles and personality). According to the obtained results it was found that there is not significant correlation in the income profile among the mentioned variables.El actual estudio se realizó con la finalidad principal de correlacionar el perfil de ingreso, la trayectoria escolar (con el indicador promedio) con las variables estilos de pensamiento y de personalidad, de los estudiantes que culminaron sus créditos en educación superior de la carrera de psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas. La generación en estudio 2009-2014. La muestra fue de 106 estudiantes de la carrera, el 86% corresponde al sexo femenino y el 16% al sexo masculino, la edad promedio de la muestra fue de 17 años. La investigación se orientó bajo un enfoque cuantitativo-correlacional, de cohorte transeccional. Los instrumentos evaluados fueron: el Cuestionario de Estilos de pensamiento y el Test de Personalidad de TEA. El análisis se elaboró por medio de la prueba estadística Chi-2, con la finalidad de encontrar la correlación existente entre (perfil de ingreso, promedio, estilos de pensamiento y personalidad). Según los resultados obtenidos se encontró que no existe correlación significativa en el perfil de ingreso entre las variables mencionadas

Mobbing: o impacto psicológico sobre os acadêmicos, e as repercussões no sentido de pertencimento e permanência trabalhista

This chapter works with mobbing concept and its psychological impact on the sense of belonging a job and keeping it. This research is carried out from a holistic perspective corroborating that the sense of belonging is affected by mobbing in Higher Education Institutions in a significant manner. The theoretical approach makes evident the need for studying it from a psychological point of view and to analyze it from the perspective of rational models, which leads to introduce the term “entrepreneurialization” of universities. It was used a methodology that it is based on data construction to achieve it, some own research-tools were designed, starting with quantitative and qualitative techniques (surveys and interviews) applied to teaching staff of a public university. The obtained results and conclusions allowed us to notice the presence, although not significant, of mobbing; its psychological effects and repercussions in the job belonging sense and job keeping.El presente artículo aborda el estudio del mobbing y su impacto psicológico en la dimensión de pertenencia y permanencia laboral. La investigación se aborda desde una perspectiva holística corroborándose que el sentido de pertenencia laboral se ve afectada de forma significativa, por las prácticas de mobbing que se generan en las Instituciones de Educación Superior. La fundamentación teórica permite evidenciar la necesidad de estudiarlo desde la psicología y analizarlo bajo la óptica de los modelos racionales, lo que lleva a hablar de la empresarilización de las universidades. Por otra parte, en cuanto a la metodología, se utilizó el método que se orienta a la comprensión de significados con base en la construcción de los datos; para lograrlo, se diseñaron instrumentos propios a partir de las técnicas cuantitativas y de origen cualitativo en una universidad pública con el personal docente (encuestas y entrevistas). Los resultados y conclusiones obtenidos, permitieron observar la presencia, aunque no significativa, del mobbing; su afectación psicológica y sus repercusiones en pertenencia y permanencia laboral

El perfil de ingreso y la trayectoria escolar de la generación 2009-2014, de los estudiantes de la Unidad Académica de Psicología

The current research has the main purpose to study the admission criteria for new university students in comparison to their final academic achievements. The group studied was composed of 106 students from the Academic Unit of Psychology (AUP) of the University Autonomous of Zacatecas (UAZ), 2009-2014 generation. The variables that were analyzed were related to personality in the following dimensions: emotional stability, open mind, responsibility and professional success. The sample for this study was of 106 students from the Psychology program mainly females. The study was done based on quantitative-co relational, transactional cohort. The instrument analyzed was the Personality Test TEA. This instrument was applied by the Centre of Attention and Psychological Services (CAPE) de la UAZ, with the purpose of identifying those students who meet the admission criteria. The statistical correlation between test variables and the final academic achievement was analysed with Chi-2. One of the main results of this study was that there is not meaningful correlation between the admission criteria and either their final academic performance or the tested personality traits of students from the 2009-2014 generation.La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo principal estudiar el perfil de ingreso asociado con la trayectoria escolar, correlacionándolo con el indicador de promedio de los estudiantes de la carrera de psicología de la Unidad Académica de Psicología (UAP) de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ), de la generación 2009-2014. Se analizaron las variables de personalidad en las dimensiones: estabilidad emocional, apertura mental, responsabilidad y éxito en la vida profesional. La muestra fue de 106 estudiantes de la carrera de psicología, en su mayoría mujeres. El estudio se desarrolló con un enfoque cuantitativo-correlacional, de cohorte transeccional. El instrumento que se analizó fue: el Test de Personalidad de TEA. Este instrumento se utilizó por el Centro de Atención y Servicios Psicológicos (CASE) de la UAZ, para conocer el perfil de ingreso, en el proceso de admisión de la generación en cuestión. El análisis se realizó por medio de la prueba estadística Chi-2, para identificar la correlación de cada una de las variables mencionadas. Dentro de los principales resultados se encontró que en el perfil de ingreso de la generación 2009- 2014, no existe correlación significativa con el rendimiento escolar de los universitarios y el rasgo de personalidad

Percepciones sobre la educación una mirada desde la psicología

El presente libro ofrece una mirada a fenómenos educativos que acontecen en los diferentes niveles, con miras a dilucidar una relectura de la educación abierta a la libertad, la responsabilidad y la creación desde la psicología como eje vertebral del pensamiento educativo. El libro pretende repensar los objetos de estudio que toman forma en el contexto de la educación, así como aportar renovados bríos al debate de los paradigmas de la misma. Hay un intento de identificar, desde diversas aristas, las problemáticas esenciales a partir de discusiones de axiomas y tesis que son columna vertebral del entramado de la psicología y la educación.Los debates, análisis y estudios aquí vertidos contribuyen a la urdimbre de conocimiento científico para responder no sólo a cuestiones planteadas por los cambios económicos, políticos y culturales, sino, también ante todo, a la incidencia de estos en las circunstancias de la educación. Precisamente esta convergencia de ideas y argumentos ayudan a entender la complejidad de la escuela moderna, institución que debía forjar a los hombres razonables, necesarios para el orden y el progreso, así como la crisis de la modernidad y de la educación a la que asistimos

Feeding habits of Paralabrax nebulifer (Serranidae) during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico

The barred sand bass Paralabrax nebulifer is a commercially important fish off the west coast of Baja California Sur. To assess the diet of this species and variations as a function of sex and reproductive condition, 60 specimens were captured using traps during seven seasonal sampling trips from August 2016 to August 2018 in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The stomach contents of 50 specimens were obtained (23 males and 27 females). Sex was diagnosed by direct observation of the gonads. Based on the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and histological analyses, the reproductive season of the barred sand bass was corroborated for August 2016, April, August, and September 2017, and August 2018, and the non-reproductive season was corroborated for November 2016 and March 2018. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI) was used to classify the main diet components, which comprised three fish species, seven crustacean species, and one mollusk species. According to the IRI, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax and the red pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were the prey that contributed the most (55%) to the barred sand bass diet. The ANOSIM showed that there were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed by sex; the SIMPER analysis revealed that the species contributing the most to differences between the sexes were S. sagax (16.58%), Euphylax dovii (15.95%), Stenocionops ovata (12%), and P. planipes (11.82%) for females. There were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed between types of reproductive season; the species contributing the most to differences between seasons were Anchoa spp. (27.76%), and P. planipes for non-reproductive season (22.67%), and S. sagax (11.08%) for reproductive season. The feeding strategy of the barred sand bass was that of a specialist carnivorous predator that fed mainly on the fish Sardinops sagax during the reproductive season, which supply the dietary nutritional requirements of the lipids HUFA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), nutrients required to achieve reproductive success.

[EFFECT OF HERBAL ADDITIVE ON THE APPEARING DIGESTIBILITY OF THE DRY MATTER OF HOLSTEIN CALVES

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la dosificación de 0.0, 2.0, 3.0 y 4.0 g d-1 en la alimentación de un aditivo herbal conformada por (Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia y Emblica officinalis) de becerras Holstein sobre la digestibilidad aparente. Se emplearon 40 becerras de la raza Holstein de 20 a 25 días de edad (peso inicial 43.35 ± 2.41 kg), los animales fueros distribuidos aleatoriamente en corrales individuales equipados con comederos y bebederos. La dosificación del aditivo herbal fue mediante la administración oral, durante 67 días. Se colectaron muestras de heces, a los días 50-55 del experimento, de cada una de las becerras para determinar la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca. La dosificación del aditivo herbal no modifico (p > 0.05) la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca, sin embargo, presento una tendencia creciente con la adición de 2, 3 y 4 g d-1 del aditivo herbal aumentando 7.27, 8.02 y 4.86 %, respectivamente, con respecto a la dieta control. Por lo tanto, el empleo de 2.51 g d-1 de un aditivo herbal puede utilizarse como alternativa en la alimentación de becerras mejorando la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca, optimizando el estado nutricional en la cría de becerras.Proyecto financiado por Techno Fedd Méxic