9,180 research outputs found
Motivational profiles and their relationships with basic psychological needs, academic performance, study strategies, self-esteem, and vitality in dental students in Chile
Purpose To determine dental studentsâ motivational profiles through a person-centred approach and to analyse the associations with the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, study strategies, academic performance, self-esteem, and vitality. Methods A total of 924 students from the University of San Sebastian (Chile) participated in this cross-sectional corÂŹrelational study in spring 2016. Data were collected through 5 self-reported instruments, in addition to studentsâ academic performance. The Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, and correlaÂŹtion scores were computed. A k-means cluster analysis with intrinsic and controlled motivation was conducted to identify different mo-tivational profiles. Subsequently, multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of gender and year of study was carried out to assess differences among the retained motivational profiles and learning variables. Results All instruments showed acceptable Cronbach alpha scores. A 4-cluster solution was retained for the motivational profile over a 3- or 5-cluster solution. Studentsâ motiva-tional profiles were characterized by different degrees of intrinsic and controlled motivation. The high intrinsic motivation groups showed higher perceptions of their basic psychological, a greater propensity for a deep rather than surface study strategy, better academic performance, and higher scores for self-esteem and vitality than the low intrinsic motivation groups, regardless of the degree of controlled motivation. Conclusion Students with a high intrinsic motivation profile, regardless of their controlled motivation scores, reported better learning characteristics. Therefore, special attention should be paid to studentsâ motivational profiles, as the quality of motivation might serve as a basis for interventions to support their academic success and well-being
A Day among the Diehard terrorists: the psychological costs of doing ethnographic research
This article describes the experience of a sociologist who made contact
with a group of diehard terrorists responsible for multiple murders in order to conduct an ethnographic
study. After outlining the sociological profile of the diehard terrorists,
the authorâmaking reference to the ethnographic studies of Jack Douglas, Martin Sanchez Jankowski, and Laud Humphreysâdescribes how he followed their traces. The aim of the article is to analyze the psychological costs that the sociologist must pay when
he interacts with men and women who, in addition to proudly claiming credit
for the homicides they have committed, affirm the importance of continuing to kill in order to salvage humanityâs future
Motivation as a predictor of dental studentsâ affective and behavioral outcomes: Does the quality of motivation matter?
Since the motivation to study and engage in academic activities plays a key role in studentsâ learning experience and well-being, gaining a better understanding of dental studentsâ motivations can help educators implement interventions to support studentsâ optimal motivations. The aim of this study, grounded in self-determination theory, was to determine the predictive role of different types of motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) in the affective and behavioral outcomes of dental students. Amotivation is the absence of drive to pursue an activity due to a failure to establish relationships between activity and behavior; controlled motivation involves behaving under external pressure or demands; and autonomous motivation is an internalized behavior with a full sense of volition, interest, choice, and self-determination. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2016, in which 924 students (90.2% response rate) from years one to six agreed to participate, granting permission to access their current GPAs and completing four self-reported questionnaires on academic motivation, study strategies, vitality, and self-esteem. The results showed that self-determined motivation (i.e., autonomous over controlled motivation) was positively associated with vitality, self-esteem, and deep study strategies and negatively associated with surface study strategies. The contrary results were found for amotivation. In the motivational model, deep study strategies showed a positive association with studentsâ academic performance. Contrary results were found for surface study strategies. This study extends understanding of the differentiation of motivation based on its quality types and suggests that being motivated does not necessarily lead to positive educational outcomes. Autonomous motivation, in contrast to controlled motivation and amotivation, should be supported to benefit students with regard to their approaches to learning and well-being since it can promote studentsâ vitality, self-esteem, deep over surface study strategies, and enhanced academic performance
Interview with a terrorist by vocation: a day among the Diehard terrorists, Part 2.
The interview that follows was conducted somewhere in Italy with a militant of the
Red Brigades recently freed after spending 32 years and 6 months in prison. Taking
up the sociological perspective of Max Weber, the author draws a distinction between
âprofessional terroristâ and âvocational terroristâ. The terrorist by vocation differs
from the professional terrorist in his profound faith in the mission he feels he must
accomplish. He does not try to improve his social status and is not interested in the
selïŹsh pursuit of personal well-being. He gives up love, family, children and friendship.
When he decides to join a terrorist group, he voluntarily severs any contact with his
former life. He is a high school or university graduate and might choose a secure life
and a good job but prefers to kill, accepting the risk of dying. The vocational terrorist
is the terrorist in his incandescent state
Las Brigadas Rojas y el poder de las ideologĂŹas asesinas
This article analyses the case of the
Italian Red Brigades as an example of
extreme left terrorism of Marxist-Leninist
inspiration. The analysis emphasizes the
role of ideology as a mental framework
that explains the action of terrorists and
presents them as "terrorists by
vocation." In other words, those, who
having the possibility of leading a
comfortable life, choose terrorist action
to placate a "spiritual" need
Poverty, ideology and terrorism: the STAM Bond
This article focuses on the role of ideology in the decision of people who are not from
societiesâ worst-off socioeconomic groups to join a left-wing terrorist organization.
Taking up the sociological perspective of Max Weber, Clifford Geertz, and Raymond
Boudon, the author introduces the concept of the âterrorist of the ïŹrst hourâ and
considers ideology as a type of social bond. The concept of ideology is here broken
down into four dimensions: Social, Temporal, Affective, and Moral (STAM bond). This
article also presents data on the ages, sex, educational level, and occupation of the
Italian people arrested (2,730) or convicted (528) for crimes of terrorism from 1970 to
2011. Data on Italian terrorists were provided by the General Department of Prisoners
of the Ministry of Justic
Closing the gap between business undergraduate education and the organisational environment: A Chilean case study applying experiential learning theory
In response to the continuous changes in Latin American higher education and the increasing demands for better prepared professionals, the Learning Connected to the Organisational Environment method was introduced in the course of Marketing at one public University in Chile. This was aimed as an integrated approach to education, providing pedagogical and social value by connecting organisations and real challenges with the learning objectives. This paper describes its design, implementation and initial impact on studentsâ learning process. Results on the impact of the LCOE method show that students valued learning with this new initiative (n = 158) and showed higher performance and improved quality of their written reports, along with higher evaluations of the teaching staff compared to students in the same course learning with traditional methods (n = 158). Discussion is centred on the value of this initiative and on suggestions for transference and future research
Colloidal Assemblies of Oriented Maghemite Nanocrystals and their NMR Relaxometric Properties
Elevated-temperature polyol-based colloidal-chemistry approach allows for the
development of size-tunable (50 and 86 nm) assemblies of maghemite iso-oriented
nanocrystals, with enhanced magnetization. 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
relaxometric experiments show that the ferrimagnetic cluster-like colloidal
entities exhibit a remarkable enhancement (4 to 5 times) in the transverse
relaxivity, if compared to that of the superparamagnetic contrast agent
Endorem, over an extended frequency range (1-60 MHz). The marked increase of
the transverse relaxivity r2 at a clinical magnetic field strength (1.41 T),
which is 405.1 and 508.3 mM-1 s-1 for small and large assemblies respectively,
allows to relate the observed response to the raised intra-aggregate magnetic
material volume fraction. Furthermore, cell tests with murine fibroblast
culture medium confirmed the cell viability in presence of the clusters. We
discuss the NMR dispersion profiles on the basis of relaxivity models to
highlight the magneto-structural characteristics of the materials for improved
T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.Comment: Includes supporting informatio
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