Resistance to Institutions and Cultural Distance: Brigandage in Post-Unification Italy

We study how cultural distance affects the rejection of imposed institutions. To do so, we exploit the transplantation of Piedmontese institutions on Southern Italy that occurred during the Italian unification. We assemble a novel and unique dataset containing municipal-level information on episodes of brigandage, a form of violent uprising against the unitary government. We use the geographic distance from local settlements of Piedmontese descent as a proxy for the cultural distance between each municipality and the new rulers. We find robust evidence that cultural distance from the origins of the transplanted institutions is significantly associated with more intense resistance to these institutions. Our results further suggest that the rejection of the transplanted institutions may have a long-lasting effect on political participation

Resistance to Institutions and Cultural Distance: Brigandage in Post-Unification Italy

We study how cultural distance affects the rejection of imposed institutions. To this purpose, we exploit the transplantation of Piedmontese institutions on Southern Italy which occurred during the Italian unification. We assemble a novel and unique dataset containing information on episodes of brigandage, a form of violent uprising against the unitary government, at the municipal level. We use geographic distance from local settlements of Piedmontese descent as a proxy for cultural distance between each municipality and the new rulers. We find robust evidence that cultural distance from the origins of the transplanted institutions is significantly associated with more intense resistance to these institutions. Our results further suggest that the rejection of the transplanted institutions may have a long lasting effect on political participation

STIMULATING THE INNOVATIVE PROPOSALS FROM EMPLOYEES

On continuously evolving markets, organizations have to innovate constantly to maintain their competitive advantage and uniqueness. The aim of this paper is to identify the elements that influence the process of organizational innovation and to propose a mathematical formula that provisions the level of innovative proposals wihin a company. The analysis developed is both theoretical and practical: it is rooted in a brief literature review concerning organizational innovation and in a survey whose aim is to propose an equation that can reveal to managers the possibility to get innovative proposals from employees. The paper discloses that organizational innovation is significantly dependent by the way it is stimulated through a few organizational attitudes and tactics.  

Cytodiagnosis trends at the animal pathology laboratory of the University of Antioquia (Colombia)

ABSTRACT: This retrospective study describes the cytology diagnoses conducted at the animal pathology laboratory of the University of Antioquia from years 1996 to 2009. Results were expressed as proportions. The studied traits were: animal species, cytological method used, affected system, and diagnosis. A total of 97.1% samples (1454/1497) corresponded to canine species. Cytology swab was the most common diagnostic method (64.6%, 939/1454). The female reproductive tract was the most affected system (45.6%, 663/1454). The most frequent diagnosis was inflammation (30.9%, 449/1454). A high proportion of samples failed to establish a specific diagnosis (21.3%, 309/1454). It is concluded that cytology was very useful for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes. The high proportion of non-specific diagnosis was mainly due to inadequate extraction and delivery of samples. This suggests there is a lack of knowledge on sample selection criteria, as well as sampling and delivery procedures necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis. This article discusses the main difficulties found for proper cytology diagnosis in our region and proposes alternatives to optimize its results.RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de sistematizar y caracterizar los diagnósticos citológicos realizados en el Laboratorio de Patología Animal de la Universidad de Antioquia, se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando como fuente de información los registros de diagnóstico citológico y el material de archivo disponible en el laboratorio. Los resultados se expresaron como proporciones de acuerdo con las variables: especie, método citológico utilizado, sistema orgánico afectado y diagnóstico realizado. Las muestras evaluadas correspondieron en una mayor proporción a las especies canina 97.1% (1454/1497), el método citológico más empleado fue el hisopado 64.6% (939/1454), el sistema orgánico con mayor participación en el estudio fue el sistema reproductivo femenino 45.6% (663/1454), el diagnóstico más frecuente fue inflamación 30.9% (449/1454). En una alta proporción de las muestras no se logró establecer un diagnóstico específico 21.3% (309/1454). De estos resultados se concluye que la citología fue de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico de procesos inflamatorios. La alta proporción de diagnósticos inespecíficos se debe principalmente a una inadecuada obtención y remisión de las muestras, esto sugiere que existe desconocimiento en el medio sobre los criterios de selección, toma y envío de muestras adecuadas para realizar o confirmar el diagnóstico clínico. Este artículo discute las principales dificultades que se presentan para la realización de la citología en nuestro medio y propone alternativas para optimizar su valor diagnóstico

Size and sex composition of two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) caught by the bottom trawl fisheries operating on the Uruguayan continental shelf (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)

In this work we analyzed the spatial and seasonal variation of length distribution, sexual proportion and mature dominance for Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. castelnaui, at the Uruguayan continental shelf. There were significant differences in total length (TL) composition between sexes, being females bigger than males for both species. Atlantoraja cyclophora showed a relatively uniform length distribution between inner and outer shelf. There were no major variations in the sex compositions and in the mature dominance between seasons, suggesting no temporal variation. Atlantoraja castelnaui showed a significant variation in its spatial and seasonal distribution. Individuals were smaller in inner shelf, pointing out the existence of juvenile zone in areas up to 50 m depth. A tendency to capture smaller individuals towards the end of the year was observed. In all seasons over 50% of females were caught below the estimated size at maturity, suggesting that this species is highly susceptible to exploitation.Neste trabalho foi analisada a variação espacial e temporal da distribuição de comprimento, proporções sexuais e dominância de maduros para Atlantoraja cyclophora e A. castelanui, na plataforma continental uruguaia. Houve diferenças significativas na distribução do comprimento total (TL) entre os sexos, sendo as fêmeas maiores que os machos para ambas espécies. Atlantoraja cyclophora mostrou uma distribuição relativamente uniforme de comprimento entre a prataforma interna e externa. Não houviram grandes variações nas composições do sexo e na dominância de maduros entre as estações do ano, sugerindo que não ha variação temporal. Atlantoraja castelnaui mostrou uma variação significativa na sua distribuição espacial e sazonal. Os indivíduos foram menores na plataforma interna, apontando para a existência de uma zona de juvenis em áreas de até 50 m de profundidade. A tendência para a captura de indivíduos menores no final do ano foi observada. Em todas as estações do ano mais de 50% das fêmeas foram capturadas em um comprimento menor ao tamanho estimado de maturidade observado na literatura, sugerindo que esta espécie é altamente suscetível à explotação

Correlación entre natalidad y mortalidad nacional

This article aims to raise a correlation between birth and death rates in Colombia. According to public data, it seeks to make known the meaning of the numbers, their possible interrelationship, and the various statistics obtained by the different sources of demographic data. The related data in the national census and civil registry platforms will be valuable since these sources provide the necessary material for in-depth research on population changes.Este artículo tiene como objetivo plantear una correlación entre los índices de natalidad y mortalidad en Colombia. De acuerdo a los datos públicos, se busca dar a conocer el significado de las cifras, su posible interrelación, y las diversas estadísticas obtenidas por las diferentes fuentes de datos demográficos. Serán de utilidad los datos relacionados en las plataformas de los censos nacionales y el registro civil, ya que estas fuentes proporcionan el material necesario para la investigación profunda sobre los cambios de población

Neutrinos from collapsars

Context. Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with the gravitational collapse of very massive stars. The central engine of a GRB can collimate relativistic jets that propagate inside the stellar envelope. The shock waves produced when the jet disrupts the stellar surface are capable of accelerating particles up to very high energies. Aims. If the jet has hadronic content, neutrinos will be produced via charged pion decays. The main goal of this work is to estimate the neutrino emission produced in the region close to the surface of the star, taking pion and muon cooling into account, along with subtle effects arising from neutrino production in a highly magnetized medium. Methods. We estimate the maximum energies of the different kinds of particles and solve the coupled transport equations for each species. Once the particle distributions are known, we calculate the intensity of neutrinos. We study the different effects on the neutrinos that can change the relative weight of different flavors. In particular, we consider the effects of neutrino oscillations, and of neutrino spin precession caused by strong magnetic fields. Results. The expected neutrino signals from the shocks in the uncorking regions of Population III events is very weak, but the neutrino signal produced by Wolf-Rayet GRBs with z < 0.5 is not far from the level of the atmospheric background. Conclusions. The IceCube experiment does not have the sensitivity to detect neutrinos from the implosion of the earliest stars, but a number of high-energy neutrinos may be detected from nearby long GRBs. The cumulative signal should be detectable over several years (~10 yr) of integration with the full 86-string configuration.Fil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); ArgentinaFil: Peres, Orlando L. G.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Vieyro, Florencia Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); Argentin

(±)-Gossypol induces apoptosis and autophagy in head and neck carcinoma cell lines and inhibits the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells in BALB/c mice

Racemic Gossypol [(±)-GOS], composed of both (-)-GOS and (+)-GOS, is a small BH3-mimetic polyphenol derived from cotton seeds. (±)-GOS has been employed and well tolerated by cancer patients. Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) represents one of the most fatal cancers worldwide, and a significant proportion of HNC expresses high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that (±)-GOS inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and autophagy of human pharynx, tongue, and salivary gland cancer cell lines and of mouse salivary gland cancer cells (SALTO). (±)-GOS was able to: (a) decrease the ErbB2 protein expression; (b) inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT; (c) stimulate p38 and JNK1/2 protein phosphorylation. (±)-GOS administration was safe in BALB/c mice and it reduced the growth of transplanted SALTO cells in vivo and prolonged mice median survival. Our results suggest the potential role of (±)-GOS as an antitumor agent in HNC patients