152 research outputs found
Verification of a localization criterion for several disordered media
We analytically compute a localization criterion in double scattering
approximation for a set of dielectric spheres or perfectly conducting disks
uniformly distributed in a spatial volume which can be either spherical or
layered. For every disordered medium, we numerically investigate a localization
criterion, and examine the influence of the system parameters on the wavelength
localization domains.Comment: 30 pages, LateX, amstex, revtex styles, 20 figure
Corrections to the Boltzmann mean free path in disordered systems with finite size scatterers
The mean free path is an essential characteristic length in disordered
systems. In microscopic calculations, it is usually approximated by the
classical value of the elastic mean free path. It corresponds to the Boltzmann
mean free path when only isotropic scattering is considered, but it is
different for anisotropic scattering. In this paper, we work out the
corrections to the so called Boltzmann mean free path due to multiple
scattering effects on finite size scatterers, in the s-wave approximation, ie.
when the elastic mean free path is equivalent to the Boltzmann mean free path.
The main result is the expression for the mean free path expanded in powers of
the perturbative parameter given by the scatterer density.Comment: 12 page
The AMBRE Project: Stellar parameterisation of the ESO:FEROS archived spectra
The AMBRE Project is a collaboration between the European Southern
Observatory (ESO) and the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur (OCA) that has been
established in order to carry out the determination of stellar atmospheric
parameters for the archived spectra of four ESO spectrographs.
The analysis of the FEROS archived spectra for their stellar parameters
(effective temperatures, surface gravities, global metallicities, alpha element
to iron ratios and radial velocities) has been completed in the first phase of
the AMBRE Project. From the complete ESO:FEROS archive dataset that was
received, a total of 21551 scientific spectra have been identified, covering
the period 2005 to 2010. These spectra correspond to ~6285 stars.
The determination of the stellar parameters was carried out using the stellar
parameterisation algorithm, MATISSE (MATrix Inversion for Spectral SynthEsis),
which has been developed at OCA to be used in the analysis of large scale
spectroscopic studies in galactic archaeology. An analysis pipeline has been
constructed that integrates spectral reduction and radial velocity correction
procedures with MATISSE in order to automatically determine the stellar
parameters of the FEROS spectra.
Stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, [M/H] and [alpha/Fe]) were
determined for 6508 (30.2%) of the FEROS archived spectra (~3087 stars). Radial
velocities were determined for 11963 (56%) of the archived spectra. 2370 (11%)
spectra could not be analysed within the pipeline. 12673 spectra (58.8%) were
analysed in the pipeline but their parameters were discarded based on quality
criteria and error analysis determined within the automated process. The
majority of these rejected spectra were found to have broad spectral features
indicating that they may be hot and/or fast rotating stars, which are not
considered within the adopted reference synthetic spectra grid of FGKM stars.Comment: 28 pages, 28 figures, 9 table
Gaia Focused Product Release: Spatial distribution of two diffuse interstellar bands
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features seen in optical and
infrared spectra of stars that are probably caused by large and complex
molecules in the ISM. Here we investigate the Galactic distribution and
properties of two DIBs identified in almost six million stellar spectra
collected by the Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer. These measurements
constitute a part of the Gaia Focused Product Release to be made public between
the Gaia DR3 and DR4 data releases. In order to isolate the DIB signal from the
stellar features in each individual spectrum, we identified a set of 160 000
spectra at high Galactic latitudes which we consider to be the DIB-free
reference sample. Matching each target spectrum to its closest reference
spectra in stellar parameter space allowed us to remove the stellar spectrum
empirically, without reference to stellar models, leaving a set of six million
ISM spectra. Identifying the two DIBs at 862.1 nm and 864.8 nm in the stacked
spectra, we modelled their shapes and report the depth, central wavelength,
width, and equivalent width (EW) for each, along with confidence bounds on
these measurements. Our main results are as follows: (1) the strength and
spatial distribution of the DIB 862.1 are very consistent with what
was found in Gaia DR3, but for this work we attained a higher signal-to-noise
ratio in the stacked spectra to larger distances, which allowed us to trace
DIBs in the outer spiral arm and beyond the Scutum--Centaurus spiral arm; (2)
we produced an all-sky map below of Galactic latitude to
4000 pc of both DIB features and their correlations; (3) we detected the
signals of DIB\,862.1 inside the Local Bubble; and (4) there is a
reasonable correlation with the dust reddening found from stellar absorption
and EWs of both DIBs.Comment: 29 pages, accepted for publication in A&
The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
The recent Gaia Third Data Release contains a homogeneous analysis of
millions of high-quality Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) stellar spectra by
the GSP-Spec module. This lead to the estimation of millions of individual
chemical abundances and allows us to chemically map the Milky Way. Among the
published GSP-Spec abundances, three heavy-elements produced by
neutron-captures in stellar interiors can be found: Ce, Zr and Nd. We use a
sample of about 30,000 LTE Ce abundances, selected after applying different
combinations of GSP-Spec flags. Thanks to the Gaia DR3 astrometric data and
radial velocities, we explore the cerium content in the Milky Way and, in
particular, in its halo and disc components. The high quality of the Ce
GSP-Spec abundances is quantified thanks to literature comparisons. We found a
rather flat [Ce/Fe] versus [M/H] trend. We also found a flat radial gradient in
the disc derived from field stars and, independently, from about 50 open
clusters, in agreement with previous studies. The [Ce/Fe] vertical gradient has
also been estimated. We also report an increasing [Ce/Ca] vs [Ca/H] in the
disc, illustrating the late contribution of AGB with respect to SN II. Our
cerium abundances in the disc, including the young massive population, are well
reproduced by a new three-infall chemical evolution model. Among the halo
population, the M 4 globular cluster is found to be enriched in cerium.
Moreover, eleven stars with cerium abundances belonging to the Thamnos, Helmi
Stream and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus accreted systems were identified from
chemo-dynamical diagnostics. We found that the Helmi Stream could be slightly
underabundant in cerium, compared to the two other systems. This work
illustrates the high quality of the GSP-Spec chemical abundances, that
significantly contributes to unveil the heavy elements evolution history of the
Milky Way.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&
Solid confirmation of the broad DIB around 864.8 nm using stacked GaiaâRVS spectra
Context. Studies of the correlation between different diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are important for exploring their origins. However, the GaiaâRVS spectral window between 846 and 870 nm contains few DIBs, the strong DIB at 862 nm being the only convincingly confirmed one. /
Aims. Here we attempt to confirm the existence of a broad DIB around 864.8 nm and estimate its characteristics using the stacked GaiaâRVS spectra of a large number of stars. We study the correlations between the two DIBs at 862 nm (λ862) and 864.8 nm (λ864.8), as well as the interstellar extinction. /
Methods. We obtained spectra of the interstellar medium (ISM) absorption by subtracting the stellar components using templates constructed from real spectra at high Galactic latitudes with low extinctions. We then stacked the ISM spectra in Galactic coordinates (â,ââb) â pixelized by the HEALPix scheme â to measure the DIBs. The stacked spectrum is modeled by the profiles of the two DIBs, Gaussian for λ862 and Lorentzian for λ864.8, and a linear continuum. We report the fitted central depth (CD), central wavelength, equivalent width (EW), and their uncertainties for the two DIBs. /
Results. We obtain 8458 stacked spectra in total, of which 1103 (13%) have reliable fitting results after applying numerous conservative filters. This work is the first of its kind to fit and measure λ862 and λ864.8 simultaneously in cool-star spectra. Based on these measurements, we find that the EWs and CDs of λ862 and λ864.8 are well correlated with each other, with Pearson coefficients (rp) of 0.78 and 0.87, respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of λ864.8 is estimated as 1.62â
屉
0.33 nm which compares to 0.55â
屉
0.06 nm for λ862. We also measure the vacuum rest-frame wavelength of λ864.8 to be λ0â=â864.53â
屉
0.14 nm, smaller than previous estimates. /
Conclusions. We find solid confirmation of the existence of the DIB around 864.8 nm based on an exploration of its correlation with λ862 and estimation of its FWHM. The DIB λ864.8 is very broad and shallow. That at λ862 correlates better with E(BPâ
ââ
RP) than λ864.8. The profiles of the two DIBs could strongly overlap with each other, which contributes to the skew of the λ862 profile
Automatic stellar spectra parameterisation in the IR CaII triplet region
(Abridged) Galactic archaeology aims to determine the evolution of the Galaxy
from the chemical and kinematical properties of its stars. The analysis of
current large spectroscopic surveys (thousands of stars) and future ones
(millions of stars) require automated analysis techniques to obtain robust
estimates of the stellar parameters. Several on-going and planned spectroscopic
surveys have selected their wavelength region to contain the IR CaII triplet
and this paper focuses on the automatic analysis of such spectra.
We investigated two algorithms, MATISSE and DEGAS, both of which compare the
observed spectrum to a grid of synthetic spectra, but each uses a different
mathematical approach for finding the optimum match and hence the best stellar
parameters.
We identified degeneracies in different regions of the HR diagram: hot dwarfs
and giants share the same spectral signatures. Furthermore, the surface gravity
of cooler dwarfs is difficult to determine accurately. These effects are
intensified when the information decreases (e.g. metal-poor stars or low SNR
spectra). Our results show that the local projection method MATISSE is
preferred for high SNR spectra, whereas the decision-tree method DEGAS is
preferred for noisier spectra. We therefore propose a hybrid approach of both
methods and show that sufficiently accurate results for the purposes of
galactic archaeology are retrieved down to SNR~20 for typical thin or thick
disc stars, and down to SNR~50 for the more metal-poor halo giants.
If unappreciated, degeneracies in stellar parameters can introduce biases in
derived quantities for target stars such as distances and full space motions.
These biases can be minimised using the knowledge gained by thorough testing of
the proposed algorithm, which in turn lead to robust automated methods for the
coming extensive stellar spectroscopic surveys in the Local Group.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars
Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The
Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of
" in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for
gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the
previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular
separations such as those expected for most lenses. Aims. We present the Data
Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to
analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources,
thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed
the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations
that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars. Methods. GravLens uses the
DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The
resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to
identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier
scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the
components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These
methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to
establish a list of lens candidates. Results. We analysed the environment of 3
760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were
found within 6" of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia
archive. In 87\% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385
cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed
candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising. Beyond these
candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the
entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies
further.Comment: 35 pages, 60 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy and
Astrophysic
Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables
The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more
than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the
publication of full radial-velocity (RV) in DR4, this Focused Product Release
(FPR) provides RV time series for a selection of LPVs with high-quality
observations. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV
RV time series, and the methods used to compute variability parameters
published in the Gaia FPR. Starting from the DR3 LPVs catalog, we applied
filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality RV measurements. We
modeled their RV and photometric time series to derive their periods and
amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between
the RV period and at least one of the , , or
photometric periods. The catalog includes RV time series and variability
parameters for 9\,614 sources in the magnitude range , including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6\,093 stars
whose RV periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the ,
, and photometric time series. The RV time series
contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of
about three years. We identify the great most sources (88%) as genuine LPVs,
with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half
displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% consists of candidate
ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against RVs available in the literature
show excellent agreement. We provide illustrative examples and cautionary
remarks. The publication of RV time series for almost 10\,000 LPVs constitutes,
by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The
availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added
value to the Gaia catalog (abridged)Comment: 36 pages, 38 figure
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