La educación en la sociedad multicultural

El aprender, en cuanto a experiencia condicionada por la acción recíproca entre la persona y el mundo, puede ser considerado desde un punto de vista biológico y desde un punto de vista sociocultural. Las ideas del mundo se desarrollan en distintas condiciones, el clima, las razas, las naciones determinadas por la historia y la formación de los Estados, las deli-mitaciones, condicionadas según las épocas, se enlazan con las condiciones especiales que influyen en el origen de la multiplicidad de las visiones del mundo. La diferencias entre ser, poder y fin del hombre hace necesaria la educación: una acción conjunta de los individuos con el objeto de ayudar a los recién nacidos, a los niños y niñas y adolescentes a aprender la «vida humana». La educación y su investigación, así como la reflexión crítica sobre la misma, adquieren hoy día mayor importancia, ya que la forma de vida del individuo, así como las formas de convivencia social, dependen cada vez más de soluciones a conflictos de creencias y de cultura que se deben plantear en la educación. El campo propio de la educación sería el de la libertad, como condición imprescindible para un libre desenvolvimiento de la personalidad. La educación de personas libres, en cuanto no puede tener otro fin que el desenvolvimiento libre de la personalidad, rechaza toda coacción. Tendríamos así un modelo de educación en el que el ideal que la define se concreta en el desarrollo de personas libres, pues la característica de la educación en la modernidad consiste en suprimir la coacción. El currículum multicultural exige un marco democrático de decisiones sobre los contenidos de la enseñanza para representar los intereses de todos. Se trata de un desafío: lograr que la diversidad cultural entre personas y colectivos, etc. deje de ser motivo de marginación para ser factor de enriquecimiento humano.It is possible to consider learning with respect to a process conditioned by a reciprocal action between a person and the world. Ideas of the world are developing under different conditions, climates, races, nations determined by history and formation of countries, delimitation's determined by time periods connected with special conditions of influence whose origin is the diversity of views of the world. Education is necessary to differentiate between to be, to be able to and purpose of man: an ensemble action of people with the objective to help new borns, children and adolescents learn «human life». Education and its investigation following in the same line as critical thought, are of greatest importance today because of real people, manners of socializing depend more and more on solutions to cultural conflicts that must be posed to education. The field of education could be that of freedom as an essential condition for the free development of personality. Education of free people, which can not have other aims than the free development of people, lies in the elimination of all coercion. The result would b an education «model» whose ideals are defined by the development of free people, since the characteristic of education in modern times is based on eliminating coercion. The multicultural curriculum needs a democratic program to make the best decisions about the academic contents to represent everyone's interests. This the a challenge: Suceed in making the cultural diversity between people and groups, etc. not a cause of exclusion but a factor of human enrichment

Globalización y paisajes urbanos: Catálogo Digital y Guía Docente para el análisis visual de la ciduad

Elaboración de un catálogo digital interactivo de los paisajes urbanos generados por la globalización y una guía docente para su análisis e interpretación a partir de la metodología de análisis visual de la ciudad (AVC)

Pushing bacterial biohybrids to in vivo applications

Bacterial biohybrids use the energy of bacteria to manipulate synthetic materials with the goal of solving biomedical problems at the micro- and nanoscale. We explore current in vitro studies of bacterial biohybrids, the first attempts at in vivo biohybrid research, and problems to be addressed for the future

Enteral Nutrition by Nasogastric Tube in Adult Patients under Palliative Care: A Systematic Review

Nutritional management of patients under palliative care can lead to ethical issues, especially when Enteral Nutrition (EN) is prescribed by nasogastric tube (NGT). The aim of this review is to know the current status in the management of EN by NG tube in patients under palliative care, and its effect in their wellbeing and quality of life. The following databases were used: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Scielo, Embase and Medline. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, as well as different qualities screening, a total of three entries were used, published between 2015 and 2020. In total, 403 articles were identified initially, from which three were selected for this review. The use of NGT caused fewer diarrhea episodes and more restrictions than the group that did not use NG tubes. Furthermore, the use of tubes increased attendances to the emergency department, although there was no contrast between NGT and PEG devices. No statistical difference was found between use of tubes (NGT and PEG) or no use, with respect to the treatment of symptoms, level of comfort, and satisfaction at the end of life. Nevertheless, it improved hospital survival compared with other procedures, and differences were found in hospital stays in relation to the use of other probes or devices. Finally, there are not enough quality studies to provide evidence on improving the health status and quality of life of the use of EN through NGT in patients receiving palliative care. For this reason, decision making in this field must be carried out individually, weighing the benefits and damages that they can cause in the quality of life of the patients

Flexible sensors for biomedical technology

Flexible sensing devices have gained a great deal of attention among the scientific community in recent years. The application of flexible sensors spans over several fields, including medicine, industrial automation, robotics, security, and human-machine interfacing. In particular, non-invasive health-monitoring devices are expected to play a key role in the improvement of patient life and in reducing costs associated with clinical and biomedical diagnostic procedures. Here, we focus on recent advances achieved in flexible devices applied on the human skin for biomedical and healthcare purposes

Miniaturized soft bio-hybrid robotics: a step forward into healthcare applications

Soft robotics is an emerging discipline that employs soft flexible materials such as fluids, gels and elastomers in order to enhance the use of robotics in healthcare applications. Compared to their rigid counterparts, soft robotic systems have flexible and rheological properties that are closely related to biological systems, thus allowing the development of adaptive and flexible interactions with complex dynamic environments. With new technologies arising in bioengineering, the integration of living cells into soft robotic systems offers the possibility of accomplishing multiple complex functions such as sensing and actuating upon external stimuli. These emerging bio-hybrid systems are showing promising outcomes and opening up new avenues in the field of soft robotics for applications in healthcare and other field

Spatial and temporal variability of CO2 emisions in soils under conventional tillage and no-till farming

Agricultural soils can act as a carbon sink depending on the soil management practices employed. As a result of this functional duality, soil management systems are present in international documents relating to climate change mitigation. Agricultural practices are responsible for 14% of total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s) (MMA, 2009)(1). Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the most effective agricultural systems for reducing CO2 emissions, as it increases the sequestration of atmospheric carbon in the soil. In order to assess the performance of CA in terms of CO2 emissions, a field trial was conducted comparing soil derived CO2 fluxes under No-till (NT) farming and under conventional tillage. Three pilot farms were selected in the cereal-growing area of southern Spain, located in Las Cabezas de San Juan (Seville), Carmona (Seville) and Cordoba. Each pilot farm comprises six experimental plots with an approximate area of five hectares; three of the six plots implement CA practices, while the other three use conventional tillage techniques. The subdivision of each tillage system into 3 plots allowed the simultaneous cropping of the three crops of the wheat-sunflower-legume rotation each year. Results showed that carbon dioxide emissions were 31 to 91% higher in tilled soils than in untilled soils, and that there was a great seasonal variability of CO2 emissions, as weather conditions also differed considerably for the different sampling periods. In all cases, the CO2 fluxes emitted into the atmosphere were always higher when soil was subject to conventional tillage

Smart biosensors for multiplexed and fully integrated point-of-care diagnostics

Point-of-care diagnostics (PoC) and personalised medicine are highly valuable for the improvement of world health. Smartphone PoC platforms which precisely diagnose diseases and track their development through the detection of several bioanalytes represent one of the newest and most exciting advancements towards mass-screening applications. Here we focus on recent advances in both multiplexed and smartphone integrated PoC sensors

Estudio para la implantación de un sistema de gestión de inocuidad alimentaria basado en la norma IFS en una industria de aceituna de mesa

La aceituna de mesa es un producto alimentario típico mediterráneo, de gran importancia en España, siendo nuestro país líder mundial en producción y exportación. La principal producción de aceituna se localiza mayoritariamente en Andalucía y Extremadura. Extremadura es la segunda región en producción de aceituna de mesa, y se está introduciendo poco a poco en un mercado cada vez más exigente y competitivo que le puede permitir crecer económicamente. La aceituna de mesa, gracias a sus ingredientes y a las condiciones alcanzadas al final de la fermentación, es un producto poco perecedero y de elevada vida útil que permite una mayor ventaja a la hora de comercializarse a diferentes países. Debido entre otras razones, al creciente interés de las empresas por la internacionalización de los productos, la preocupación por asegurar la inocuidad y salubridad de los alimentos es cada día mayor, lo que está llevando a que las industrias extremeñas de aceitunas de mesa estén aumentando sus esfuerzos para la mejora de calidad y la seguridad alimentaria. En España y otros países de la Unión Europea, cada industria alimentaria está obligada a aplicar un meticuloso sistema de control, basado en el denominado Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Crítico (APPCC). Los operadores de industrias de aceitunas de mesa son los principales responsables de la seguridad alimentaria según los Reglamentos de la Unión Europea (Reglamento (CE) nº 852/2004, 853/2004 y 854/2004) que combinan, armonizan y simplifican las exigencias en materia de higiene de los alimentos. Por otra parte, el comercio nacional e internacional de alimentos crece sin cesar y las industrias extremeñas de aceituna de mesa tienen que seguir avanzando. Lo más importante para adentrarse en este mercado cada vez más global es aumentar su competitividad, y para ello necesitan el conocimiento e implantación de normas voluntarias como BRC (British Retail Consortium), IFS (International Food Standard) o ISO 22000; normas que son cada vez más exigidas por parte de los principales distribuidores de alimentos a nivel mundial. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema de inocuidad alimentaria basado en la normativa IFS Food, específico para una industria alimentaria de aceituna de mesa negra oxidada, empresa dedicada a la producción y exportación de sus productos. Para ello, se definirán una serie de pautas y protocolos que permitirán obtener productos de calidad. Algunas de ellas son el establecimiento de un control de la higiene del personal, análisis del sistema APPCC o establecimiento de un plan de defensa. Con el fin de exportar un producto seguro e inocuo a países como Alemania, Francia, Italia y Holanda. Y así poder mantenerse competitiva y perdurar de manera fortalecida en el tiempo

Influence of the sputtering flow regime on the structural properties and magnetic behavior of Fe-Ga thin films (Ga ∼ 30 at.%)

In this paper we analyze the structure of Fe-Ga layers with a Ga content of ∼30 at.% deposited by the sputtering technique under two different regimes. We also studied the correlation between the structure and magnetic behavior of the samples. Keeping the Ar pressure fixed, we modified the flow regime from ballistic to diffusive by increasing the distance between the target and the substrate. X-ray diffraction measurements have shown a lower structural quality when growing in the diffusive flow. We investigated the impact of the growth regime by means of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and obtained signs of its influence on the local atomic order. Full multiple scattering and finite difference calculations based on XAFS measurements point to a more relevant presence of a disordered A2 phase and of orthorhombic Ga clusters on the Fe-Ga alloy deposited under a diffusive regime; however, in the ballistic sample, a higher presence of D0_3/B2 phases is evidenced. Structural characteristics, from local to long range, seem to determine the magnetic behavior of the layers. Whereas a clear in-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed in the film deposited under ballistic flow, the diffusive sample is magnetically isotropic. Therefore, our experimental results provide evidence of a correlation between flow regime and structural properties and its impact on the magnetic behavior of a rather unexplored compositional region of Fe-Ga compounds