51 research outputs found
A Bükk hegység szilikátos és palás alapkőzetű területeinek feldolgozása kryptogám szervezeteinek diverzitása, elterjedése és cönológiája alapján = Diversity, distribution, coenology of the cryptogams in the silicate and slate bedrock areas of the Bükk Mountains
MegállapĂthatĂł, hogy a mĂ©szkerĂĽlĹ‘ sziklai- Ă©s erdĹ‘társulásokban igen gazdag virágtalan vegetáciĂł alakul ki, jellemzĹ‘ gomba-, zuzmĂł Ă©s mohafajokbĂłl, melyek sajátos szinĂşziumokat, esetenkĂ©nt önállĂł társulásokat alkotnak. Florisztikai gyűjtĂ©seket vĂ©geztĂĽnk talajrĂłl, sziklárĂłl Ă©s fakĂ©regrĹ‘l egyaránt, ennek eredmĂ©nyekĂ©ppen 250 gomba, 200 zuzmĂł Ă©s 600 kapszula mohát gyűjtöttĂĽnk be, ezek meghatározása után 148 nagygomba, 49 zuzmĂł Ă©s 149 mohafajt mutattunk ki. A gombák közĂĽl 6 Ăşj a BĂĽkkre, 2 vĂ©dett, a zuzmĂłfajok között 2 Magyarországon, 5 pedig BĂĽkkre Ăşjnak bizonyult, 1 vĂ©dett, a mohafajok között 4 ritka Ă©s vĂ©dett fajt fedeztĂĽnk fel. A meghatározott anyagok az EKF Herbáriumában (EGR) Ă©s az MTM NövĂ©nytárában (BP) vannak elhelyezve. ElvĂ©geztĂĽk a virágtalanok ökolĂłgiai Ă©s cönolĂłgiai elemzĂ©sĂ©t az áreatĂpus, a társulástani besorolás Ă©s ökolĂłgiai jelzĹ‘számok alapján is. MegállapĂthatĂł, hogy a moha-zuzmĂł társulások fajai nagyrĂ©szt cirkumpoláris elemek, dominálnak a lomberdei fajok, az eltolĂłdás viszont a savanyĂş talajviszonyok miatt a fenyves fajösszetĂ©tel felĂ© irányul. A klasszikus Ă©s kisnĂ©gyzetes felvĂ©telezĂ©sek megerĹ‘sĂtettĂ©k a korábbi publikáciĂłkban leĂrtakat, azaz a mĂ©szkerĂĽlĹ‘ erdĹ‘k jellemzĹ‘je, hogy moha-zuzmĂłban gazdag aljnövĂ©nyzet jön lĂ©tre, mely önállĂł fáciesek, szubasszociáciĂłk elkĂĽlönĂtĂ©sĂ©hez vezet. A tásulások diverzitási viszonyai azt mutatják, hogy e társulások a vĂ©dendĹ‘k közĂ© sorolhatĂłk, veszĂ©lyeztetĹ‘ tĂ©nyezĹ‘k az erdĂ©szet, vadtaposás Ă©s a vadászat. | Stinking rich cryptogamic vegetation occurs on the acidic soil of rocky and forest associations, composed by typical fungi, lichen and bryophyte species. They forms specific synusiae or occasionally independent associations. We carried out detailed floristical collections from soil, rock and bark equally. 250 fungi, 200 lichens and more than 600 capsules of mosses were collected. Following identification were recorded: 148 mushrooms 49 lichens and 149 bryophyte species, 6 new and 2 protected fungi were found and also, among lichens 1 protected and 2 species were new for Hungary and 5 for the BĂĽkk area. Among the bryophytes we have found 4 rare, protected species. Collected and identified species were deposited in the herbaria of Eger (EGR) and at NHM Budapest (BP). Ecological and phytocenological investigation of cryptogams were done based on area type, associations classification and ecological index. We established that elements of moss-lichen associations are predominantly circumpolar, dominates deciduous forest species, shifting directed towards the pinewood species composition, because of acidic soil character. Classical and small-squared method records confirmed the facts published previously; rich bryophyte and lichen undergrowth occurs in acidophilous forests, which leads to independent subassociations. Diversity relations of associations indicate that these must be enumerated among protected ones. Endangering factors are: forestry, animal disturbance and hunting
Cell-penetrating conjugates of pentaglutamylated methotrexate as potential anticancer drugs against resistant tumor cells
The emerging resistance of tumor cells against methotrexate (MTX) is one of the major limitations of the MTX treatment of tumorous diseases. The disturbance in the polyglutamation which is a main step in the mechanism of methotrexate action is often the reason of the resistance. Delivery of polyglutamylated MTX into cells may evade the mechanisms that are responsible for drug resistance. In this study conjugates of methotrexate and its pentaglutamylated derivatives with cell-penetrating peptides – penetratin and octaarginine – were investigated. The cellular-uptake and in vitro cytostatic activity of conjugates were examined on breast cancer cell cultures (MDA-MB-231 as resistant and MCF-7 as sensitive cell culture). These cell cultures showed very different behaviour towards the conjugates. Although the presence of pentaglutamyl moiety significantly decreased the internalisation of conjugates, some of them were significantly active in vitro. All of the conjugates were able to penetrate in some extent into both cell types, but only the conjugates of penetratin showed in vitro cytostatic activity. The most effective conjugates were the MTX-Glu5-Penetratin(desMet) and MTX-Glu5-GFLG-Penetratin(desMet). The latter was effective on both cell cultures while the former was active only on the resistant tumor cells. Our results suggest that the translocation of polyglutamylated MTX may be a new way to treat sensitive and more importantly resistant tumors. While both penetratin and octaarginine peptides were successfully used to deliver several kinds of cargos earlier in our case the activity of penetratin conjugates was more pronounced
Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Spiraea chamaedryfolia: a contribution to the chemotaxonomy of Spiraea genus
Additional file 1. Spiraea diterpene alkaloids. Diterpene alkaloids reported from Spiraea genus
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