Student Performance in Principles of Macroeconomics: the Importance of Gender and Personality Type

Several studies indicate that females perform more poorly in economic courses than their male counterparts. Other studies reveal that students' personality types affect their performance in economic courses, as well. The present study explores this issue by testing a number of interactions between gender and the Kersey-Bates temperament types in an ordered probit model explaining students' grades in Principles of Macroeconomics. The results confirm that the interaction of gender and temperament types does matter in a student's performance. The present study reveals that not all female temperament types perform more poorly than their counterparts and not all male temperament types do significantly better than females as a group.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXPERIENTIAL KOLB MENGGUNAKAN METODE PRAKTIKUM SECARA INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efek model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara inkuiri terhadap peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa pada materi Fluida Statis. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIA sebanyak 2 kelas pada salah satu SMA di Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas tes untuk mengukur kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan proses sains, lembar observasi, aktivitas guru dan siswa, dan skala sikap tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan kognitif kelompok yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara inkuiri memperoleh rerata skor sebesar 0,54 dengan kriteria sedang, lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara konvensional dengan perolehan rerata skor sebesar 0,38 dengan kriteria sedang. Untuk peningkatan keterampilan proses sains kelompok yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara inkuiri memperoleh rerata skor sebesar 0,62 dengan kriteria sedang, lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara konvensional dengan perolehan rerata skor sebesar 0,49 dengan kriteria sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb menggunakan metode praktikum secara inkuiri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan proses sains pada materi fluida statis. Kata kunci: Model pembelajaran Experiential Kolb, Praktikum Secara Inkuiri,Kemampuan Kognitif, Keterampilan Proses Sains. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Kolb Experiential learning model using inquiry labs to increase cognitive abilities and science process skills on high school students in static fluids content. This research Using a quasi-experimental design with non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Samples were students of class X MIA as much as 2 class at one high school in Bandung. The instrument used in this study consisted of tests to measure cognitive abilities and science process skills, observation sheet, the activities of teachers and students, and students' attitude scale response to the application of Kolb's experiential learning model. The results showed that the improved cognitive ability group applied Kolb Experiential learning models using inquiry labs methods are obtained mean score of 0.54 with the criteria of being, higher than the group that applied Kolb Experiential learning models using conventional lab method with acquisition mean score 0.38 with the criteria of being. For the improvement of science process skills group applied Kolb Experiential learning models using inquiry lab methods are obtained mean score at 0.62 with the criteria of being, higher than the group that applied Kolb Experiential learning models using methods conventionally labs with the acquisition mean score 0,49 with the criteria of being. It can be concluded that Kolb Experiential learning models using inquiry labs methods can improve cognitive abilities and science process skills in a static fluid material. Key word: Experiential Kolb, Inquiry Labs, Cognitive Abilities, Science process skill

PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN DASAR(DIKLATSAR) SANTRI SIAP GUNA (SSG) DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER BAKU (BAIK DAN KUAT) BAGI PEMUDADI DAARUT TAUHIID BANDUNG

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lingkungan Daarut Tauhiid yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang pengelolaan program pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) dalam menumbuhkan karakter Baku (Baik dan Kuat) bagi Pemuda. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan para pemuda di Indonesia.Para pemuda yang merupakan asset bangsa yang sedang menghadapi arus globalisasi tidak lagi memberi contoh dan keteladanan baik kepada masyarakat sebagai kaum terpelajar, sehinggaberimplikasi terjadinya perubahan sosial dan mengakibatkan berbagai hal, diantaranya ketidaksiapandalam menghadapi kondisi lingkungan yang semakin masif dan sangat cepat. Pendidikan karakter merupakan jembatan dari dalam diri seorang pemuda, pemuda pada zaman ini harus diarahkan kepada sesuatu yang dapat menopang dan menjadikan dirinya lebih mandiri dan siap bergelut dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.Oleh karenanya salah satu hal yang membantu adalah dengan peran pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) yang merupakan salah satu wadah untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki para pemuda dan sebagai salah satu sarana perbaikan karakter pemuda. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini ialah untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai bagaimana perencanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) Bandung, bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) Bandung, bagaimana evaluasi pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) Bandung, serta faktor-faktor apa yang mendukung dan menghambat pendidikan dan pelatihan dasar (Diklatsar) Santri Siap Guna (SSG) Bandung. Landasan teori dari penelitian ini yaitu mengacu kepada konsep pelatihan, konsep manajemen pengelolaan program, konsep pendidikan karakter, serta konsep adil, amanah, tawadhu’, berani, disiplin dan tangguh untuk memperkuat hasil dari pertanyaan penelitian di lapangan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, serta studi dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian berjumlah lima responden yang terdiri atas satu orang pembina, satu orang pengelola, satu orang pelatih, satu orang peserta pelatihan, dan satu orang alumni peserta pelatihan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan pembahasan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu: 1. Perencanaan diklatsar memberikan arah dan arti tujuan bagi sebuah lembaga atau organisasi, bahwa tujuan ini kemudian dapat menjadi suatu standar untuk mengukur dan mengendalikan jalannya sebuah program. Selain itu, perencanaan diklatsar ini pun memberikan kerangka pemersatu untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam organisasi. Pada proses perencanaan, pembina dan pengelola merancangnya jauh sebelum pelatihan itu akan dilaksanakan, sehingga pada pelaksanaannya pelatihan ini sudah memiliki konsep perencanaan yang jelas dan terstruktur. 2. Pengorganisasian atau penyelenggaraan diklatsar SSG dilakukan semata-mata untuk mengetahui dengan jelas tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Adanya beberapa unsur yang saling berkaitan dalam proses penyelenggaraan diklatsar SSG sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya menjadi suatu kesatuan yang utuh. 3. Hasil evaluasi diklatsar khususnya pada penerapan karakter Baku (Baik dan Kuat) dalam pelatihan ini dilakukan setiap pelatihan itu dilaksanakan, karena pada dasarnya pendidikan karakter merupakan proses yang berkelanjutan dan tidak pernah berakhir (never ending process) 4. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan diklatsar muncul dari motivasi, lingkungan, materi pelatihan, fasilitator, sarana dan prasarana, media, dan strategi pembelajaran. ----------This study was conducted in an environment Daarut Tauhiid which aims to describe and analyze management and basic training programs pupils are ready cultivate good character and strong for youth. This research is motivated by the problems of the youth in Indonesia. The youth is an asset of the nation which is facing globalization no longer give good examples and role models to society as educated people, so the implications for social change and lead to a variety of things, including unpreparedness in the face of environmental conditions are more massive and very fast. Character education is the bridge from inside a young man , young at this age should be directed to something that can sustain and make itself more independent and ready to wrestle in social life . Therefore one of the things that helps is the role of education and basic training ( basic training ) pupils are ready ( SSG ), which is one container to develop the potential of young people and as a means of improving the character of the youth The goal of this research is to gain an overview of how planning education and basic training ( basic training ) pupils are ready ( SSG ) Bandung , how the implementation of the education and basic training ( basic training ) pupils are ready ( SSG ) Bandung , how education evaluation and basic training ( basic training ) pupils are ready ( SSG ) Bandung , as well as factors that support and hinder education and basic training ( basic training ) pupils are ready ( SSG ) Bandung. The theoretical basis of this research that refers to the concept of training, program management concept, the concept of character education, as well as the concept of a fair, trustworthy, tawadhu’, brave, disciplined and tough to reinforce the results of the research questions in the field. The method used in this research using descriptive method with qualitative approaches and techniques of collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentation study. Subjects numbered five respondents consisting of one constructor, one manager, one coach, one trainee and one alumni trainees. Based on data processing result and discussion conclusion, namely: 1. Planning Diklatsar give direction and meaning to the purpose of an institution or organization, that this goal can then become a standard for measuring and controlling the course of a program. In addition, this basic training planning also provides a unifying framework for decision making within the organization. In the planning process, constructor and manager training designed it long before it will be implemented, so that the implementation of this training already has a clear concept and structured planning. 2. Organizing or implementation basic training SSG is done solely to determine clearly the objectives to be achieved. The existence of several interrelated elements in the process of basic training SSG so that in practice into a unified whole. 3. The results of the evaluation Diklatsar particularly on the application of Raw characters (Good and Strong) in this training is done every training was carried out, because basically the character education is an ongoing process and never ends (never ending process). 4. Supporting factors and obstacles in the implementation of the basic training is emerging of motivation, environment, training materials, facilitator, infrastructure, media, and learning strategie

Physical stress on halibut larvae

Halibut larvae were exposed to physical stress in the form of different levels of airation. Survival rate, development, dry weight, RNA, DNA and protein were measured. At the end of the experiment the larvae exposed to gentle airation had the highest survival rate, total dry weight, dry weight of the yolk sac, content of RNA and RNA-DNA ratio. However, the group without airation had the highest dry weight of larval body, growth rate and yolk conversion efficiency. The functional jaw development had the same value and were highest in these two groups

Factors Explaining Business Students’ Success in Business Statistics: A Case from a Scandinavian Business School

Statistical skills are strongly linked success in business studies, especially in analyzing risk and in the financial sciences. Therefore, it is useful to acquire more knowledge about factors that can explain the grades achieved in Business Statistics. The objective of this study is to identify variables that are related to performance in Business Statistics among a cohort of business school students in Norway. By using linear regression models, this study tries to identify the relationship between achievement in Business Statistics and several independent variables, including gender, grade point average (GPA) from high school, mathematical background, Big Five personality traits, and attitudes towards statistics (SATS-36). Only attitudes towards statistics were significantly associated with the performance. There is a positive correlation between success in Business Statistics and the two Cognitive Competence and Effort (from SATS-36) dimensions. This is useful knowledge to ensure good results in Business Statistics.publishedVersio

Different attitudes towards mathematics amongst two groups of management students: a Norwegian case study

The purpose of the present study was to investigate management students’ attitudes towards mathematics by comparing two groups. The students in Group 1 had prior professional education (in healthcare, education, and so on) and were taking a master’s degree in management. The students in Group 2 were ordinary business and economics students. The sample was taken from different universities in Norway. The chosen methods were pairwise companionship and binary logistic regression. The results showed a substantial difference in attitudes towards mathematics between the two groups, especially in self-confidence. Views on the value of mathematics also differed. The impact of gender was minor in Group 1 and non-existent in Group 2. Attitudes towards mathematics differed between the male and female business and economics students.publishedVersio

Can Multiple-Choice Questions Replace Constructed Response Test as an Exam Form in Business Courses? Evidence from a Business School

The discussion of whether multiple-choice questions can replace the traditional exam with essays and constructed questions in introductory courses has just started in Norway. There is not an easy answer. The findings depend on the pattern of the questions. Therefore, one must be careful in drawing conclusions. In this research, one will explore a selected business course where 30 percent of the test is comprised of multiple-choice items. There obviously are some similarities between the two test methods. Students who perform well on writing essays tend also to achieve good results when answering multiple- choice questions. The result reveals a gender gap where multiple-choice based exam seems to favor the male students. There are some challenges in how to measure the different dimensions of knowledge. This study confirms this. Hence, it is too early to conclude that a multiple-choice score is a good predictor of the outcome of an essay exam. This paper will provide a beneficial contribution to the debate in Norway, but it needs to be followed up with more research.publishedVersio

The Making of the Mini-Documentary: Pockets

Opstad, Tricia, M.A., Autumn 2006 Fine Arts, Integrated Arts and Education The Making of a Mini-Documentary: “Pockets”, the Concept, Artistic Process and Personal Reflection Chairperson: Karen Kaufmann In the making of my first movie, titled “Pockets”, I worked to understand documentary making by interviewing members of the community in Missoula, Montana. The immediate and multi-faceted nature of video as a medium gave me many opportunities to actively participate in the creative process and thrive in the spontaneity of interactions in the moment. Along with videographer Felicia Edwards, I asked random people on the streets, one question: “What’s in your pockets?” We then videotaped their responses, with the goal being to capture authentic human behavior unobtrusively. We designed the interview process as a learning experience by inviting people to participate with very little preparation, allowing for cognitive dissonance to occur. The response we received reveal the many metaphors behind the simple question of what a person might have in his or her pockets; it often seemed as though the respondent was answering a different question, such as “What are you hiding” or “Who are you?” In addition, being an intended learning experience, the project was also designed to inspire a sense of ‘play’ for those involved. Through this process, I began to understand the sensitivity required for interviewing strangers. The editing program I used, I-Movie, enabled me to develop my vision, incorporating music, effects and rhythm in transitions. The completed movie was screened on a Missoula ‘First Friday’ art night in November 2006. The screening was part of an event involving entertainment. For an added interactive element, fellow artists were staged as live mannequins who allowed the audience to look at what was in their pockets. This project taught me to pursue an artistic vision to completion using a variety of available resources. It also gave me the opportunity to learn basic technical skills necessary for making a documentary, as well as reinforcing valuable communication skills that will influence my future planning of performance events and movie screenings. In addition, I learned hands-on lessons about proper data management, project documentation, event organizing and advertising. Finally, the project was a remarkable experience in designing learning moments for the public and continuing my development as a well-rounded multi-media artist

Mapping of residential consumer flexibility from electric vehicles and electric heating

In combination with an increasing consumption, due to electrification, the green shift challenges the power grid. When regulative energy production is substituted with production from uncontrollable sources, the need for a flexible consumption increases. This can originate from shifting or decreasing household consumption. This thesis investigates the flexibility of residential electrical vehicle (EV) charging and electric heating. In addition, this thesis aims to research the potential benefits and challenges related to smart charging and will examine how temperature and other factors affect the availability of flexibility. The two data sets that have been used provide real consumption from 1140 and 2043 households and include information regarding EV chargers and heating source respectively. The data spans from November/December 2020 through March 2021. Firstly, coincidence factors (CFs) for residential EV charging, with and without smart charging, have been quantified. The CF represents the concurrent home charging. Secondly, charging session duration and delivered energy have been calculated and used to further discuss the availability of flexibility. Lastly, the flexibility of electric heating has been examined by comparing mean consumption profiles for groups of households with and without electric heating. \\ \\ The results from real charging behavior indicate that households with smart charging have a significantly higher consumption during the night. The CF for smart charging vehicles is quantified to a maximum of over 30\% and 10\% for smart and normal charging respectively. These results coincide with other research. EVs with smart charging will have their charging allocated to hours of low electricity price. Smart charging will cause the EV charging to synchronize, resulting in a high CF. This can possibly create issues in the low-voltage grid. The CFs have a negative correlation with temperature meaning the EVs charge more frequently in colder weather. The analysis of charging sessions shows a mean duration of around $4.7$ hours independent of being smart or normal. The mean delivered energy is calculated to around $23 kWh$ for both smart and normal charging. The difference between the time the EV needs to reach the desired battery level and the time it is connected to a charger is considered to be its flexible window. The combination of the CF and charging session duration and energy can be used to further estimate the flexibility potential of EVs. The available flexibility from space and water heating has been studied by categorizing real consumer data based on heating sources. Four groups consisting of households with electric water heating, shared water heating, electric space heating, and district space heating were established. The average normalized consumption of the groups shows a significant difference in the morning hours. This implies that some electric heating is in use during the morning hours, consequently revealing a potential for flexibility. The groups without electric water and space heating have a lower consumption. At last, the consumption is negatively correlated with temperature meaning the potential for flexibility from electric heating is increasing with decreasing temperatures and vice versa. Further research on CFs and charging sessions can benefit the prediction of demand from EVs. This is likely going to be important for the planning of grid investments, especially in the low voltage grid. Lastly more research on charging behavior, CFs and electric heating would likely be beneficial for prediction of flexibility volumes. This would be of interest to aggregators and TSOs

Did Covid-19 change students’ grade assessments? A study from a business school

COVID-19 gave universities and colleges no choice. They had to switch to digital teaching and introduce home-based exams as a substitute for ordinary school exams. At the same time, the ambitions were to maintain the student’s learning outcomes and ensure the exam grade measured the students’ knowledge and skills. With data from a Norwegian business school, this paper will analyse if home based exams provide other results than traditional school exams with closed books. The chosen method is to compare achievements before and during the pandemic and link the performance to academic skills in other subjects and from upper secondary school. The results suggest that the measurement of grades changed under COVID-19. This applies to the quantitatively oriented subjects and the non-quantitative oriented subjects. This is useful knowledge since students’ grades are used for ranking for further studies and professional careers.publishedVersio