Rift Segmentation: structural mapping of syn-rift successions between the Kerpini-Tsivlos and Mamoussia-Pirgaki Faults, Greece

Master's thesis in Petroleum Geosciences engineeringThe Corinth Rift of Central Greece is currently active in the Gulf of Corinth. A series of rotated fault blocks from the early rift stages are preserved onshore in the southern part of the rift. These are well-exposed in incised river valleys, allowing detailed studies of normal faulting and associated syn-rift sedimentation. The study area for this project is limited between the Kerpini-Tsivlos and Mamoussia-Pirgaki Faults. This is an area where lateral correlation of faults and sedimentary packages is challenging, evident by a great variety in previous interpretations. Several major faults cannot be traced directly across the river valleys, and there is an ongoing debate about whether these faults terminate or are displaced laterally by relay or transfer structures. Through detailed structural mapping assisted by 3D modelling software, this study has investigated the along-strike continuity of faults and depocentres. Furthermore, it has investigated the relative age relationships between faulting and sedimentation in order to contribute to the understanding of the rift evolution

Mechanisms of hardening in HCP structures through dislocation transmutation and accommodation effects by glide twinning: application to magnesium

At low temperatures, glide twinning activates in HCP structures easier than non-close packed slip necessary to accommodate strain along the c-axis. In contrast to slip, twinning occurs as an accumulation of successive stacking faults that properly report reconstruction of the stacking sequence in a new crystal-reorientated lenticular lamella. These faults are spread by partial dislocations known as twinning dislocations, forcing atoms to switch positions by shear into new crystal planes. As the twinning dislocations thread the faults, the new crystal lamella grows at the expense of the parent. Grain texture changes upon strain, and a strong non-linear trend marks the strain hardening rate. The strain hardening rate changes to a point where it switches sign upon strain. Since activation of these twinning dislocations obey Schmid’s law, twinning could be precluded or exhaustively promoted in sharp textures upon slight changes in loading orientations, so strong anisotropy arises. Moreover, a twinning shear can only reproduce the stacking sequence in one direction, unless the twin mode changes or the c/a ratio crosses a certain ratio. When a twin mode arises with reversed sign, the reorientation is different and more importantly, the strength is different and also the growth rate. Therefore, in addition to strain anisotropy, twin polarity induces a strong asymmetry in textured HCP structures, e.g. wrought HCP metals. This anisotropy/asymmetry is still a barrier to the great economic gain expected from the industrialization of low density, high specific strength and stiffness, HCP Magnesium. This barrier has stimulated efforts to identify the missing links in current scientific knowledge to proper prediction of Magnesium anisotropy. The effect of twinninginduced texture change on the mechanical response is of a major concern. Mesoscale modelers still struggle, without success to predict simultaneously twinning and strain hardening rates upon arbitrary loading directions. We propose a new mechanism that relies on admitting dislocation populations of the twin by dislocations transmuted from the parent when they intersect twinning disconnections. These dislocations interact with original dislocations created in the twin to cause hardening able to faithfully capture anisotropy upon any loading orientation and any initial texture

Mechanisms of hardening in HCP structures through dislocation transmutation and accommodation effects by glide twinning: application to magnesium

At low temperatures, glide twinning activates in HCP structures easier than non-close packed slip necessary to accommodate strain along the c-axis. In contrast to slip, twinning occurs as an accumulation of successive stacking faults that properly report reconstruction of the stacking sequence in a new crystal-reorientated lenticular lamella. These faults are spread by partial dislocations known as twinning dislocations, forcing atoms to switch positions by shear into new crystal planes. As the twinning dislocations thread the faults, the new crystal lamella grows at the expense of the parent. Grain texture changes upon strain, and a strong non-linear trend marks the strain hardening rate. The strain hardening rate changes to a point where it switches sign upon strain. Since activation of these twinning dislocations obey Schmid’s law, twinning could be precluded or exhaustively promoted in sharp textures upon slight changes in loading orientations, so strong anisotropy arises. Moreover, a twinning shear can only reproduce the stacking sequence in one direction, unless the twin mode changes or the c/a ratio crosses a certain ratio. When a twin mode arises with reversed sign, the reorientation is different and more importantly, the strength is different and also the growth rate. Therefore, in addition to strain anisotropy, twin polarity induces a strong asymmetry in textured HCP structures, e.g. wrought HCP metals. This anisotropy/asymmetry is still a barrier to the great economic gain expected from the industrialization of low density, high specific strength and stiffness, HCP Magnesium. This barrier has stimulated efforts to identify the missing links in current scientific knowledge to proper prediction of Magnesium anisotropy. The effect of twinninginduced texture change on the mechanical response is of a major concern. Mesoscale modelers still struggle, without success to predict simultaneously twinning and strain hardening rates upon arbitrary loading directions. We propose a new mechanism that relies on admitting dislocation populations of the twin by dislocations transmuted from the parent when they intersect twinning disconnections. These dislocations interact with original dislocations created in the twin to cause hardening able to faithfully capture anisotropy upon any loading orientation and any initial texture

Developing Models of Road Tunnels with Petri Nets

1200 road tunnels have been built in Norway's European, national, and county road networks. Length, incline, and traffic volume vary, and it may cross through fjords or mountains, have one or two runs, and be near or far from populous areas. Variation is high, and the development of new road tunnels is a never-ending process; as a result, new records are being established, the country's transportation systems and infrastructure are growing more complex, and more people rely on driving in tunnels. As science and technology advance, new solutions are developed to improve tunnel safety and prevent accidents by boosting safeguards. Several studies have been undertaken to investigate the causes of traffic accidents and create preventative methods. Most accident occurs on open roadways. However, tunnels tend to cause serious accidents especially in the inner zone. This thesis used Petri Nets. It's a flexible and easy-to-use network that helps explain, analyse, and simulate complex systems using real-time data so you can better understand the problem or system. The suggested model offers a simple user interface and requires little math. The paper included a GPenSIM model and a brief review of tunnels and vehicle traffic. Different models are crated in this thesis with varying complexity. The last model simulates a tunnel with a roundabout inside. Here data from the Norwegian Road Authorities are used to see of the model can simulate a realistic scenario. The data shows that the model is performing as expected and that the tunnel manages to deal with the traffic volume during peak hours. The model also allows to change the traffic volume to simulate if the tunnel can handle the additional number of vehicles. As constructed tunnels need to take future traffic volume into account, this simulation feature gives useful insight to the tunnels ability to handle the increase

Contributions of supra-level design to visual rhetoric in quilt books

Visual rhetoric is the ability of the writer to achieve the purpose of a document through visual communication ( Visual Rhetoric 77). The success of visual rhetoric depends upon the extent to which a document\u27s visual elements consider audience, purpose, and context. For example, if a document intended for elderly readers uses 8-point type, audience has not been properly considered and the document\u27s visual rhetoric fails at the intra-textuallevel. If a textbook uses only one degree of heading but attempts to present a hierarchy of information, purpose has not been considered and the document\u27s visual rhetoric fails at the inter-textual level. If an annual report includes minute details in graphs intended to show general trends, purpose has not been considered and the document fails at the extra-textual level. If a field guide intended to be carried in a scientist\u27s pocket is sixteen inches wide and twenty-four inches tall, context has not been considered and the document\u27s visual rhetoric fails at the supra-textual level

Sustained swimming capacity of Atlantic salmon

publishedVersio

Entrepreneurship in Development: Four Essays on Microfinance and Business Training

Which is the most binding constraint to microenterprise development, human capital or financial capital? To answer this question, we present the first field experiment that jointly investigates these two constraints for poor microentrepreneurs, by introducing separate treatments of business training and a business grant. We combine survey data and data from a lab experiment to investigate treatment effects on business results, business practices, business skills and mind-set. Our study demonstrates a strong effect of business training on male entrepreneurs, while the effect on female entrepreneurs is much more muted. There is no effect of the business grant for either males or females. The results suggest that human capital may be the more important constraint for poor microentrepreneurs, but also point to the need for more comprehensive measures to promote development among female entrepreneursnhhph

Improvement of a 3D model system for the evaluation and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Masteroppgave i biomedisinBMED395MAMD-MEDB