Posterior maxillary alveolar vertical distraction osteogenesis by bi-directional distractor

AbstractA patient with severe posterior maxillary hypoplasia was simulated using a 3-dimensional model by rapid prototyping, and segmental vertical distraction osteogenesis was planned to advance the posterior maxillary segment. The bi-directional distractor was adapted to the alveolar ridge and zygomatic buttress. After a 7-day latency period, we started distraction at a rate of 0.35mm every 12h. 12mm of advancement of the posterior maxillary segment was achieved. This distraction osteogenesis using a bi-directional distractor with proper therapeutic planning and good surgical technique will help ensure adequate vector control to predictably regenerate the hard and soft tissues during alveolar distraction

Relationship between the Effectiveness of Arthrocentesis under Sufficient Pressure and Conditions of the Temporomandibular Joint

Background. The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions of the temporomandibular joint relative to the effectiveness of an arthrocentesis-like enforced manipulation technique followed by irrigation under high pressure in patients with closed lock. Methods. We performed arthroscopic examination and manipulation followed by irrigation as the initial treatment in 50 joints with closed lock. Relationship between the effectiveness of the procedure and conditions of the temporomandibular joint was statistically analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results. Significant inverse correlations were found between the extent of improvement in maximum mouth opening after treatment and the initial maximum opening before treatment. There were no significant correlations between improvement of joint pain at mouth opening and in biting and conditions of the temporomandibular joint. Conclusions. Pathologic conditions of the temporomandibular joint did not have an influence on the efficacy of the technique. This result suggests that this procedure has wider application than conventional arthrocentesis

Therapy outcome measures in temporomandibular disorder : a scoping review

Objectives Therapy outcome measures (TOMs) in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have not been systematically evaluated. We systematically explored the main TOM assessment methods for TMD TOMs used in previous studies. Design Scoping review. Data sources According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review reporting guidelines, we systematically searched five key databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Epistemonikos and ClinicalTrials) and thoroughly scanned relevant grey literature using Medical Subject Headings, Emtree and index terms. Eligibility criteria We considered primary research papers published from January 2010 to December 2020 that included patients with TMD aged ≥18 years, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Data extraction and synthesis Four reviewers extracted general information and information on study design and setting, target, interventions, and outcome type. Results One hundred and seventy-two of the 3726 screened articles (3704 by search engines and 22 manually) were included. The TOMs analysed included pain (n=161 articles), maximal mouth opening (MMO) (91), jaw function (32), jaw movement (26), joint sound (16), quality of life (QOL) (15), depression/anxiety (14), oral QOL (10) or others (30). Evaluation periods were 12 weeks (75) or ‘not mentioned’ (12). Pain outcomes (229) included general pain (115), tenderness (45), pain during functioning (44), resting pain (16) and others (8). Pain outcome evaluation methods included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 121), Numerical Rating Scale (21) and other methods (21). Pain outcome indicators were binary (10) or continuous (158); only five studies reported the least significant difference in treatment efficacy. MMO evaluation using painless methods (19) and jaw function evaluation using methods assessing mandibular movement range (23) were the most frequent. Conclusions TMD TOMs are diverse; the major outcomes were pain, MMO, jaw function and jaw movement. Most pain outcomes are evaluated by VAS Score changes

Loss of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The EGFR-directed inhibitor cetuximab is currently the only approved targeted therapy for the treatment of OSCC. EGFR status may affect the patient response to cetuximab treatment. In the present study, via analysis of the immunomarker for EGFR, it was revealed that 58.3% of the total cases investigated stained positively for EGFR expression, and furthermore, that invasiveness was inversely correlated with EGFR expression. Expression levels of EGFR were quantified, and the correlation between EGFR expression and cetuximab sensitivity was investigated using three varying grades of invasive human OSCC line. EGFR expression in high-grade invasive cells was significantly downregulated compared with that of low-grade invasive cells. There was no significant antiproliferative effect in the high-grade invasive cells treated with various concentrations of cetuximab. The EMT-associated genes, N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, were upregulated in the high-grade invasive cells. The low-grade invasive cells exhibited characteristics of typical epithelial cells, including the expression of E-cadherin and absence of the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail. Transforming growth factor-β induced low-grade invasive cells to undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated gene switch, which resulted in low levels of EGFR expression. The results of the present study suggested that loss of EGFR expression in OSCC was associated with EMT, and may have functional implications with regard to tumor invasiveness and the resistance to cetuximab treatment. © Spandidos Publications 2015. All rights reserved.Embargo Period 6 month

Metalloelastase-12 is involved in the temporomandibular joint inflammatory response as well as cartilage degradation by aggrecanases in STR/Ort mice.

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is characterised by clinical symptoms involving both the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Disc internal derangement and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common forms of TMJD. Currently, the molecular process associated with degenerative changes in the TMJ is unclear. Our previous study showed that elastin-digested peptides act on human TMJ synovial cells and lead to upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and metalloelastase-12 (MMP-12; an elastin-degrading enzyme) in vitro. However, there is limited information regarding the involvement of elastin-degradation by MMP-12 in the processes of inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation in vivo. STR/Ort mice were used as a model of TMJ OA in the present study. Significant articular cartilage degeneration was observed starting at 20 weeks of age in the STR/Ort mice and this progressed gradually until 40 weeks, compared with the age-matched CBA mice. Immunostaining analysis showed that MMP-12 and IL-6 were expressed in the chondrocytes in the superficial zones of the cartilage. Immunostaining also showed that aggrecanases [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5] were expressed in the chondrocytes in the superficial zones of the cartilage. These findings suggest that an inflammatory and degradative process was initiated in the TMJ. Harmful mechanical stimuli, particularly pressure, may cause damage to the elastin fibres in the most elastin-rich superficial layer of the articular cartilage. Elastin-digested peptides are then generated as endogenous warning signals and they initiate a pro-inflammatory cascade. This leads to upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and MMP-12, which further trigger tissue damage resulting in elevated levels of elastin-digested peptides. IL-6 increases expression of the aggrecanases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, following cartilage degradation. This leads to the establishment of a positive feedback loop and may result in chronic inflammation and cartilage degradation of the TMJ in vivo

Assessment of bone healing and hypoesthesia in the upper lip after Le Fort I osteotomy with self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate and absorbable plates

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate hypoesthesia of the upper lip and bone formation using self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate (Biopex ®) between the segments following Le Fort I osteotomy with bent absorbable plate fixation. Subjects and methods: The subjects were 47 patients (94 sides) who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy with and without mandibular osteotomy. They were divided into a Biopex ® group (48 sides) and a control group (46 sides). The Biopex ® was inserted into the anterior part of the gap between the segments in the Biopex ® group. Trigeminal nerve hypoesthesia at the region of the upper lip was assessed bilaterally by the trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potential (TSEP) method. The area of the Biopex ® at the anterior part in the maxilla was assessed immediately after surgery and 1 year postoperatively by computed tomography (CT). Results: The mean measurable period and standard deviation were 13.2 ± 18.5 weeks in the control group, 14.5 ± 17.9 weeks in the Biopex ® group, and there was no significant difference in TSEP. The area of the Biopex ® after 1 year was significantly smaller than that immediately after surgery (right side: P = 0.0024, left side: P = 0.0001) and bone defects between the segments could not be found in the Biopex ® group. In the control group, although the areas of bone defect after 1 year were significantly smaller than that immediately after surgery on the right side (P = 0.0133) and left side (P = 0.0469) in the frontal view, complete healing of the bone defects could be seen in 12 of 46 sides after 1 year. Conclusion: This study suggested that inserting Biopex ® in the gap between the maxillary segments was useful for new bone formation and it did not prevent the recovery of upper lip hypoesthesia after Le Fort I osteotomy with absorbable plate fixation. © 2012 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery

Maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy with self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate and an absorbable plate

The purpose of this study was to compare retrospectively postoperative differences in maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy and fixation with an unsintered hydroxyapatite (u-HA)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) plate with or without self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate (Biopex ®) as interpositional material. Subjects comprised 45 patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism with maxillary retrognathism and mandibular prognathism with bimaxillary asymmetry. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with fixation by uHA/PLLA plates. Patients were divided into 4 groups consisting of 9 maxillary impaction cases with Biopex ® (group 1) to fill the gap between the bone segments, 14 maxillary advancement cases with Biopex ® (group 2), 8 maxillary impaction cases without Biopex ® (group 3) and 14 maxillary advancement cases without Biopex ® (group 4). Changes in cepahalometric parameters at time intervals (1, 3 and 12 months) between the groups were compared. Results showed that stability did not depend on the use or otherwise of Biopex ®. © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Functional annotation of human long noncoding RNAs via molecular phenotyping

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, we systematically knocked down the expression of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts and quantified cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the same lncRNAs exhibited global concordance, and the molecular phenotype, measured by CAGE, recapitulated the observed cellular phenotypes while providing additional insights on the affected genes and pathways. Here, we disseminate the largest-todate lncRNA knockdown data set with molecular phenotyping (over 1000 CAGE deep-sequencing libraries) for further exploration and highlight functional roles for ZNF213-AS1 and lnc-KHDC3L-2.Peer reviewe