The Open Anchoring Quest Dataset: Anchored Estimates from 96 Studies on Anchoring Effects

People’s estimates are biased toward previously considered numbers (anchoring). We have aggregated all available data from anchoring studies that included at least two anchors into one large dataset. Data were standardized to comprise one estimate per row, coded according to a wide range of variables, and are available for download and analyses online (https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/OpAQ/). Because the dataset includes both original and meta-data it allows for fine-grained analyses (e.g., correlations of estimates for different tasks) but also for meta-analyses (e.g., effect sizes for anchoring effects)

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Off-Peak Price Reductions for Water Demand Management

Peak shifting is a key method to enhance the resilience of water supply infrastructure. Due to limitations related to the costs of smart meters, experimentally investigating the impact of a time-of-use tariff on inducing peak shifting in water usage has been challenging. Having introduced smart meters across 1,890 households, this study investigated behavioral responses to reduced water prices during off-peak hours (i.e., by increasing the relative cost of peak times). This was achieved by implementing a pricing scheme offering a 60% discount from 23:00 to 05:59 hours and a 20% discount from 10:00 to 16:59 hours. The results revealed significant changes in water usage behavior near the boundary between off-peak and peak times, suggesting a shift in water usage behavior towards the off-peak period. Moreover, a time-series analysis demonstrated the peak shifting induced by off-peak price reductions. Furthermore, this study examines cognitive processing and its impact on altering water usage behaviors on an hourly basis. These findings suggest that reducing prices during off-peak periods can effectively induce peak shifting across a broad range of times

Shift of probability weighting by joint and separate evaluations:Analyses of cognitive processesbased on behavioral experiment and cognitive modeling

We examined whether probability weighting in decisions madeunder risk changed depending on the difference in evaluationmethods. In particular, we focused on two methods, joint eval-uation (JE) and separate evaluation (SE). We conducted a be-havioral experiment and found that participants put more prob-ability weight on small probability when using the SE methodthan when using JE, and that for large probabilities, the inversewas observed (i.e., participants put more weight in JE). We an-alyzed these results using a cognitive model and found that par-ticipants’ subjective value of money does not change owing todifferences in evaluation methods. However, beliefs concern-ing uncertain events shifted depending on evaluation methods,which led to the differences in probability weight. In this paper,we also discuss psychological mechanisms that produce differ-ent judgments or evaluations between SE and JE

Do different anchors generate the equivalent anchoring effect? Comparison of the effect size among different anchors

Anchoring effect, the effect of precedent stimuli on subsequentnumerical estimation, is one of the most studied topics injudgment and decision making. Many researchers haveexamined its psychological processes from many perspectives.However, few studies have directly compared strength ofanchoring effects generated by different anchor types. Thepresent study involved a behavioral experiment (numericalestimation task after presenting an anchor) and compared theeffect size of anchoring effect on numerical estimations amongdifferent five anchors. We found that significant anchoringeffect occurred only in two types of anchor. Common twofeatures of these two anchors were representation of specificnumber and the dimensional equivalence between an anchorand a target in the numerical estimation task. Thus, thesefindings indicated that presentation of a specific number withdimensional equivalence as in the target of a numericalestimation task plays an important role in the generation ofrobust anchoring effect. Psychological mechanisms ongeneration of anchoring effect are discussed

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes