853 research outputs found
Single Wall Nanotubes: Atomic Like Behaviour and Microscopic Approach
Recent experiments about the low temperature behaviour of a Single Wall
Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) showed typical Coulomb Blockade (CB) peaks in the zero
bias conductance and allowed us to investigate the energy levels of interacting
electrons. Other experiments confirmed the theoretical prediction about the
crucial role which the long range nature of the Coulomb interaction plays in
the correlated electronic transport through a SWCNT with two intramolecular
tunneling barriers. In order to investigate the effects on low dimensional
electron systems due to the range of electron electron repulsion, we introduce
a model for the interaction which interpolates well between short and long
range regimes. Our results could be compared with experimental data obtained in
SWCNTs and with those obtained for an ideal vertical Quantum Dot (QD).
For a better understanding of some experimental results we also discuss how
defects and doping can break some symmetries of the bandstructure of a SWCNT.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Gallstones in Elderly Patients: Impact of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
The use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in elderly patients may pose problems because of their poor general condition, especially of cardiopulmonary function. Moreover, these patients present with acute cholecystitis and associated common bile duct stones more often than their younger counterparts. From 1990 to 1999, the authors performed 943 LCs; 31 (3.2%) were attempted on elderly patients, 11 (35%) of which were on an emergency basis because of acute cholecystitis, cholangitis or acute biliary pancreatitis. Ten per cent of LCs needed to be converted to an open cholecystectomy, most often because of an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood produced by excessive operative time. A gasless procedure was used in the last three years of the study on eight cases; the overall rate of conversion from LC to open cholecystectomy in this group was 0%. Associated gallbladder and common bile duct stones were found in five (16%) patients (four preoperative LC endoscopic sphincterotomy and one transcystic approach). The success rate in both of these cases was 100%, overall morbidity was 29% and there was no mortality. These results show that LC is a feasible and safe procedure for use in elderly patients. Gasless LC should be preferred in patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists' class III because an excessive duration of operation is the most common reason for converting to an open cholecystectomy
Spin-orbit coupling in a Quantum Dot at high magnetic field
We describe the simultaneous effects of the spin-orbit (SO) perturbation and
a magnetic field on a disk shaped quantum dot (QD). {As it is known the}
combination of electrostatic forces among the electrons confined in the QD
and the Pauli principle can induce a spin polarization when (applied in the
direction orthogonal to the QD) is above a threshold value. In the presence of
an electric field parallel to , coupled to the spin by a Rashba term,
we demonstrate that a symmetry breaking takes place: we can observe it by
analyzing the splitting of the levels belonging to an unperturbed multiplet. We
also discuss the competitive effects of the magnetic field, the SO perturbation
and the electron electron interaction, in order to define the hierarchy of the
states belonging to a multiplet. We demonstrate how this hierarchy depends on
the QD's size. We show the spin texture due to the combined effects of the
Rashba effect and the interaction responsible for the polarization.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, PACS: 73.21.La,71.15.Mb,75.75.+
Energy cascades and spectra in turbulent Bose-Einstein condensates
We present a numerical study of turbulence in Bose-Einstein condensates
within the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We concentrate on the direct energy
cascade in forced-dissipated systems. We show that behavior of the system is
very sensitive to the properties of the model at the scales greater than the
forcing scale, and we identify three different universal regimes: (1) a
non-stationary regime with condensation and transition from a four-wave to a
three-wave interaction process when the largest scales are not dissipated, (2)
a steady weak wave turbulence regime when largest scales are dissipated with a
friction-type dissipation, (3) a state with a scale-by-scale balance of the
linear and the nonlinear timescales when the large-scale dissipation is a
hypo-viscosity.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Intermittency and structure functions in channel flow turbulence
We present a study of intermittency in a turbulent channel flow. Scaling
exponents of longitudinal streamwise structure functions, ,
are used as quantitative indicators of intermittency.
We find that, near the center of the channel the values of
up to are consistent with the assumption of homogeneous/isotropic
turbulence. Moving towards the boundaries, we observe a growth of intermittency
which appears to be related to an intensified presence of ordered vortical
structures. In fact, the behaviour along the normal-to-wall direction of
suitably normalized scaling exponents shows a remarkable correlation with the
local strength of the Reynolds stress and with the \rms value of helicity
density fluctuations. We argue that the clear transition in the nature of
intermittency appearing in the region close to the wall, is related to a new
length scale which becomes the relevant one for scaling in high shear flows.Comment: 4 pages, 6 eps figure
The impact of the sars‐cov2 pandemic on a persuasive educational antimicrobial stewardship program in a university hospital in southern italy: A pre‐post study
Objectives: We evaluated the effect of the pandemic on the disruption of a persuasive educational antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) conducted in a university hospital in southern Italy. Methods: In March 2020, the ASP, which began in January 2017 and was carried out at different times in 10 wards, was stopped due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We conducted an observational study with interrupted time series analysis to compare the antibiotic consumption and costs, average length of hospital stay and in‐hospital mortality between 12 months before and 9 months after the interruption. Results: Four medical, four surgical wards and two ICUs were included in the study, for a total of 35,921 patient days. Among the medical wards we observed after the interruption a significant increase in fluoroquinolone use, with a change in trend (CT) of 0.996, p = 0.027. In the surgical wards, we observed a significant increase in the overall consumption, with a change in level (CL) of 24.4, p = 0.005, and in the use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins (CL 4.7, p = 0.003). In two ICUs, we observed a significant increase in piperacillin/tazobactam and fluoroquinolone consumption (CT 9.28, p = 0.019, and 2.4, p = 0.047). In the wards with a duration of ASP less than 30 months, we observed a significant increase in antibiotic consumption in the use of piperacillin/tazobactam and fluoroquinolones (CT 12.9, p = 0.022: 4.12, p = 0.029; 1.004, p = 0.011). Conclusions: The interruption of ASP during COVID‐19 led to an increase in the consumption of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, particularly in surgical wards and in those with a duration of ASP less than 30 months
Freely decaying weak turbulence for sea surface gravity waves
We study numerically the generation of power laws in the framework of weak
turbulence theory for surface gravity waves in deep water. Starting from a
random wave field, we let the system evolve numerically according to the
nonlinear Euler equations for gravity waves in infinitely deep water. In
agreement with the theory of Zakharov and Filonenko, we find the formation of a
power spectrum characterized by a power law of the form of .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Vortex knots in a Bose-Einstein condensate
We present a method for numerically building a vortex knot state in the
superfluid wave-function of a Bose-Einstein condensate. We integrate in time
the governing Gross-Pitaevskii equation to determine evolution and stability of
the two (topologically) simplest vortex knots which can be wrapped over a
torus. We find that the velocity of a vortex knot depends on the ratio of
poloidal and toroidal radius: for smaller ratio, the knot travels faster.
Finally, we show how unstable vortex knots break up into vortex rings.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, 1 tabl
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium description of negative temperature states in a one-dimensional lattice using a wave kinetic approach
We predict negative temperature states in the discrete nonlinear Schödinger (DNLS) equation as exact solutions of the associated wave kinetic equation. Within the wave kinetic approach, we define an entropy that results monotonic in time and reaches a stationary state, that is consistent with classical equilibrium statistical mechanics. We also perform a detailed analysis of the fluctuations of the actions at fixed wave numbers around their mean values. We give evidence that such fluctuations relax to their equilibrium behavior on a shorter timescale than the one needed for the spectrum to reach the equilibrium state. Numerical simulations of the DNLS equation are shown to be in agreement with our theoretical results. The key ingredient for observing negative temperatures in lattices characterized by two invariants is the boundedness of the dispersion relation
Wave modelling - the state of the art
This paper is the product of the wave modelling community and it tries to make a picture of the present situation in this branch of science, exploring the previous and the most recent results and looking ahead towards the solution of the problems we presently face. Both theory and applications are considered.
The many faces of the subject imply separate discussions. This is reflected into the single sections, seven of them, each dealing with a specific topic, the whole providing a broad and solid overview of the present state of the art. After an introduction framing the problem and the approach we followed, we deal in sequence with the following subjects: (Section) 2, generation by wind; 3, nonlinear interactions in deep water; 4, white-capping dissipation; 5, nonlinear interactions in shallow water; 6, dissipation at the sea bottom; 7, wave propagation; 8, numerics. The two final sections, 9 and 10, summarize the present situation from a general point of view and try to look at the future developments
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