Morphological characterization of the local potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes collected from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

In this study, 58 villages were selected and a total of 146 samples were taken according to stratified sampling system. These genotypes were collected from production areas in high altitudes of the province of Artvin (41‹10f 54h. 40‹ 49f 09h N and 42‹ 21f 49h- 41‹ 32f 40h E) and Rize (41‹ 02f43h-40o 46f 50h N and 41o 00f 22h- 40o 33f 26h E) located in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The genotypes were grown under Samsun (41‹31ŒN, 35‹35ŒE) ecological condition in 2006. Some morphological and agronomical characteristics of the genotypes were described according to the criteria developed for potato by the  International Board for Plant Genetics Resources (IPBGR). Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relation among genotypes. Cluster analysis, based on 15 variables, identified 27 groups in the current study. The dendrogram was prepared to evaluate similarity between potato genotypes, and as such, all the obtained data showed that the collected material has a vast variation. These evaluations could assist breeders to select and identify genotypes with desirable characteristics for inclusions in variety breeding programs.Key words: Potato, genotype, characterization, cluster, tuber, Turkey

Sacral Fractures and Associated Injuries.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the injuries associated with sacral fractures and to analyze their impact on patient outcome. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the injuries associated with sacral fractures. RESULTS: Sacral fractures are uncommon injuries that result from high-energy trauma, and that, due to their rarity, are frequently underdiagnosed and mistreated. Only 5% of sacral fractures occur in isolation. Injuries most often associated with sacral fractures include neurologic injuries (present in up to 50% of sacral fractures), pelvic ring disruptions, hip and lumbar spine fractures, active pelvic/ abdominal bleeding and the presence of an open fracture or significant soft tissue injury. Diagnosis of pelvic ring fractures and fractures extending to the lumbar spine are key factors for the appropriate management of sacral fractures. Importantly, associated systemic (cranial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic) or musculoskeletal injuries should be promptly assessed and addressed. These associated injuries often dictate the management and eventual outcome of sacral fractures and, therefore, any treatment algorithm should take them into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral fractures are complex in nature and often associated with other often-missed injuries. This review summarizes the most relevant associated injuries in sacral fractures and discusses on their appropriate management

The Development of a Universally Accepted Sacral Fracture Classification: A Survey of AOSpine and AOTrauma Members.

Study Design Survey study. Objective To determine the global perspective on controversial aspects of sacral fracture classifications. Methods While developing the AOSpine Sacral Injury Classification System, a survey was sent to all members of AOSpine and AOTrauma. The survey asked four yes-or-no questions to help determine the best way to handle controversial aspects of sacral fractures in future classifications. Chi-square tests were initially used to compare surgeons\u27 answers to the four key questions of the survey, and then the data was modeled through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 474 surgeons answered all questions in the survey. Overall 86.9% of respondents felt that the proposed hierarchical nature of injuries was appropriate, and 77.8% of respondents agreed that that the risk of neurologic injury is highest in a vertical fracture through the foramen. Almost 80% of respondents felt that the separation of injuries based on the integrity of L5-S1 facet was appropriate, and 83.8% of surgeons agreed that a nondisplaced sacral U fracture is a clinically relevant entity. Conclusion This study determines the global perspective on controversial areas in the injury patterns of sacral fractures and demonstrates that the development of a comprehensive and universally accepted sacral classification is possible

Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and Extracted Neutron Polarizabilities

Differential cross sections for Compton scattering from the deuteron were measured at MAX-lab for incident photon energies of 55 MeV and 66 MeV at nominal laboratory angles of $45^\circ$, $125^\circ$, and $135^\circ$. Tagged photons were scattered from liquid deuterium and detected in three NaI spectrometers. By comparing the data with theoretical calculations in the framework of a one-boson-exchange potential model, the sum and difference of the isospin-averaged nucleon polarizabilities, $\alpha_N + \beta_N = 17.4 \pm 3.7$ and $\alpha_N - \beta_N = 6.4 \pm 2.4$ (in units of $10^{-4}$ fm$^3$), have been determined. By combining the latter with the global-averaged value for $\alpha_p - \beta_p$ and using the predictions of the Baldin sum rule for the sum of the nucleon polarizabilities, we have obtained values for the neutron electric and magnetic polarizabilities of $\alpha_n= 8.8 \pm 2.4$(total) $\pm 3.0$(model) and $\beta_n = 6.5 \mp 2.4$(total) $\mp 3.0$(model), respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revtex. The text is substantially revised. The cross sections are slightly different due to improvements in the analysi

Thermomagnetic hysteresis effects in NiMn and NiNnPd thin films

dc magnetization measurements, for zero-field cooled (MZFC) and field-cooled (MFC) cases, have been carried out for flash-evaporated Pd-doped NiMn thin films. These included reentrant phases (Ni76xPdx)Mn24, for 0x5, and Ni75Mn23Pd2, a pure spinglass phase. The studies were performed over the temperature range 3–300 K. Low-field magnetization measurements show the irreversibility effect (MZFC and MFC diverge at temperatures below the Curie temperature Tc . In Ni75Mn23Pd2, MZFC falls below MFC, as usually observed. However, in reentrant compositions, M ZFC crosses M FC upon warming into the ferromagnetic regime, where it stays above M FC at temperatures below Tc . This unusual behavior is attributed to a model of Imry and Ma in which, in a ferromagnet with antiferromagnetic impurities, the impurities can couple to the host ferromagnetic alignment and force the system to break into domains antiferromagnetically coupled to each other. Field-cooled hysteresis measurements indicate the uniaxial anisotropy in these samples to be small, in contrast with the rigid uniaxial anisotropy reported for the corresponding polycrystalline bulk samples. Since the lattice-orbit coupling is weak in the amorphous phase, this clearly demonstrates that the physical origin of the unidirectional anisotropy is associated with the spin-orbit coupling

Transport and magnetic properties of NdCuGe compound

Electrical resistivity,heat capacity, and dc magnetization measurements were performed on the AlB2-type intermetallics NdCuGe and LaCuGe over the temperature range of 2–300K. NdCuGe exhibits magnetization attributable to Nd3+ moments, with an antiferromagnetic (AF) transition at 3.1K. Magnetization, heat capacity, and resistivitymeasurements were used to determine the crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting of the Nd3+ magnetic sublevels. The ground state is a doublet composed of ±5∕2 levels and the AF state is built from this magnetic doublet, with a reduction in the average sublattice magnetization attributable to site disorder among Cu–Ge sites. Low-temperature electrical transport is dominated by spin-disorder scattering among CEF-split levels and a small T2 spin fluctuation term. The latter is nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than previously observed in isostructural CeCuGe, for which the anomalous observed thermopower exponent was attributed to extended spin fluctuations above the magnetic transition. By contrast, simple-metallic behavior provides a good fit to the NdCuGe thermopower, thus, the CeCuGe results can be attributed to resonant scattering due to partial hybridization of the localized orbitals

Yeni bir insansız hava aracının (SUAVİ) prototip üretimi ve algılayıcı-eyleyici entegrasyonu

Bu çalısmada, dört-döner rotoru ile helikopter gibi dikine kalkıs ve inis yapabilen aynı zamanda da uçak gibi uzun menzil yatay uçus yeteneğine sahip yeni bir insansız otonom hava aracının mekanik ve aerodinamik tasarımı, karbon kompozit imalatı, algılayıcı eyleyici sistem entegrasyonu ve uçus deneyleri anlatılmıstır. Gelistirilen sistem ve içinde kullanılan algılayıcı eyleyici entegrasyonunun basarımı benzetim ve deneylerle doğrulanmıstır

An international validation of the AO spine subaxial injury classification system.

PURPOSE To validate the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System with participants of various experience levels, subspecialties, and geographic regions. METHODS A live webinar was organized in 2020 for validation of the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System. The validation consisted of 41 unique subaxial cervical spine injuries with associated computed tomography scans and key images. Intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability of the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System were calculated for injury morphology, injury subtype, and facet injury. The reliability and reproducibility of the classification system were categorized as slight (ƙ = 0-0.20), fair (ƙ = 0.21-0.40), moderate (ƙ = 0.41-0.60), substantial (ƙ = 0.61-0.80), or excellent (ƙ = > 0.80) as determined by the Landis and Koch classification. RESULTS A total of 203 AO Spine members participated in the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System validation. The percent of participants accurately classifying each injury was over 90% for fracture morphology and fracture subtype on both assessments. The interobserver reliability for fracture morphology was excellent (ƙ = 0.87), while fracture subtype (ƙ = 0.80) and facet injury were substantial (ƙ = 0.74). The intraobserver reproducibility for fracture morphology and subtype were excellent (ƙ = 0.85, 0.88, respectively), while reproducibility for facet injuries was substantial (ƙ = 0.76). CONCLUSION The AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System demonstrated excellent interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility for fracture morphology, substantial reliability and reproducibility for facet injuries, and excellent reproducibility with substantial reliability for injury subtype