Leitura retroativa do poema “Ibrahim in Fire” de Shamloo com ênfase no comentário de Michael Riffaterre

The aim of this research is examination the poetry "Ibrahim in Fire" of Shamloo according to the Riffaterre theory. This is an analytical-comparative research that was conducted using content analysis. The results showed that according to the structural matrix of the poetry, the poet's hidden object to express freedom-seeking and struggle and, more importantly, inviting the audience for uprising, has been pointed out, and the poet, in repression of that era, has had no way to express his ideal but the use of mythical allusions and allusive references to them.El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar la poesía "Ibrahim en fuego" de Shamloo de acuerdo con la teoría de Riffaterre. Esta es una investigación analítica comparativa que se realizó utilizando el análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que, según la matriz estructural de la poesía, se ha señalado el objeto oculto del poeta para expresar la búsqueda de la libertad y la lucha y, lo que es más importante, invitar al público a la revuelta, y al poeta, en la represión de esa era, no ha tenido forma de expresar su ideal, sino el uso de alusiones míticas y referencias alusivas a ellas.O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar a poesia "Ibrahim in Fire" de Shamloo de acordo com a teoria de Riffaterre. Esta é uma pesquisa analítico-comparativa que foi realizada usando análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que, de acordo com a matriz estrutural da poesia, o objeto oculto do poeta para expressar a busca pela liberdade e a luta, mais importante, convidando a audiência para a insurreição, foi apontado, e o poeta, na repressão daquela época, Você não tinha como expressar seu ideal, mas o uso de alusões míticas e referências alusivas a elas

Designing of ECAP parameters based on strain distribution uniformity

AbstractEqual Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is currently one of the most popular methods for fabricating Ultra-Fine Grained (UFG) materials. In this work, ECAP process has been performed on commercial pure aluminum up to 8 passes by route A. After verification of FEM work, the influences of four die channel angles, three outer corner angles and pass number up to 8 have been analyzed to investigate strain distribution behavior of ECAPed material. Two methods for quantifying the strain homogeneity namely inhomogeneity index (Ci) and standard deviation (S.D.) are compared. It is shown that Ci is not a good candidate for examining the strain distribution uniformity. Moreover, it is suggested that designing of ECAP die geometry to achieve optimum strain distribution homogeneity is more suitable than the optimum effective strain magnitude. The best strain distribution uniformity in the transverse plane is obtained with Φ=60° and Ψ=15° and for the bulk of the sample, Φ=120° and Ψ=15° or 60°, gives the highest strain dispersal uniformity

Experimental and numerical analysis of HPTE on mechanical properties of materials and strain distribution

High Pressure Torsion Extrusion (HPTE) is a novel technique which has been recently introduced to the society of Nano-SPD researchers. HPTE exploits the deformation mechanics of HPT but in a larger scale using rod-shape samples and is capable of applying high values of strain to materials in one pass. This research aims to evaluate the effect of HPTE on mechanical properties of materials and also to study the effect of geometry of HPTE die on strain distribution in deformed samples by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Commercial pure Aluminium AA1050 was used for experimental work; and eccentric dies with parallelmisaligned channels were developed for evaluation by numerical modelling. Results of this research will help us better understand the effect of process parameters and also geometry of the die on materials

Epidemiology of female reproductive cancers in Iran: Results of the gholestan population-based cancer registry

Background: Malignancies of the female reproductive tract are estimated to be the third most common group of cancers in women. Objectives: We here aimed to present their epidemiological features in Golestan provincelocated in Northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data on primary female reproductive cancers diagnosed between 2004-2010 were obtained from Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). CanReg-4 and SPSS software were used for data entry and analysis. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated using the world standard population. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare incidence rates. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: A total of 6,064 cancer cases were registered in Golestan females in the GPCR during 2004-2010, of which 652 cases (11%) were female reproductive cancers. Cancers of the ovary (ASR=6.03) and cervix (ASR=4.97) were the most common. We found significant higher rates in females living in cities than in villages. Our results showed a rapid increase in age specific incidence rates of female reproductive cancers at the age of 30 years. Conclusions: We found significant higher rates of female reproductive cancers among residents of cities than villages. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors including reproductive behavior between the two populations may partly explain such diversity. Our results also showed a rapid increase in incidence rates of these cancers in young age females. Further studies are warranted to determine risk factors of female reproductive cancers in our population

Tailoring the microstructure and tribological properties in commercially pure aluminium processed by High Pressure Torsion Extrusion

High Pressure Torsion Extrusion (HPTE) as a novel approach in mechanical nanostructuring of metallic materials and alloys has the potential to be utilized in industrial applications due to its unique features in fabricating bulk-nanostructured materials with enhanced mechanical and functional properties. Three different HPTE regimes based on the extrusion speed of the punch (v, mm/min) and rotational speed of the die (ω, rpm) were used in this work: v7w1, v1w1, and v1w3. The grain refinement obtained by this technique was outstanding since the initial grain size of 120 μm in annealed conditions was reduced to the final grain size of 0.7 μm in v1w3 in merely one pass of extrusion; however, each regime showed a different level of grain refinement depending on the imposed strain. Examination of the tribological properties by reciprocal wear testing in dry conditions revealed no significant change in the coefficient of friction; nevertheless, the mechanism of the wear from adhesion shifted to abrasion and the amount of displaced volume decreased. This modification is associated with the improvement of hardness and the reduction of plasticity in materials that confined the plastic shearing. Increasing the induced strain by changing the HPTE regimes decreased the overall displaced volume and reduced the built-up edge around the wear track

Analysis of the reciprocal wear testing of Aluminum AA1050 processed by a novel mechanical nanostructuring technique

This research aims to investigate the impact of a novel technique in mechanical nanostructuring on the wear resistance of materials. This technique with the name of High Pressure Torsion Extrusion (HPTE) can produce bulk nanostructured materials with enhanced mechanical properties. Results of microstructural analysis and microhardness testing showed significant enhancement in materials after HPTE. Microstructural characterization by using Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) method illustrated the presence of Ultra-Fine Grained (UFG) materials in the specimens Analysis of the wear by implementing reciprocal wear testing revealed that the amount of displaced volume markedly decreased after processing. This change in the wear behavior can be explained by referring to the hardness increase and the reduction of plasticity in materials which confined the plastic shearing and diminished the built-up edge around the wear track

The effect of microstructure evolution on the wear behavior of tantalum processed by Indirect Extrusion Angular Pressing

This article studies the evolution of microstructure and the wear resistance in tantalum processed by a newly developed Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) technique called Indirect Extrusion Angular Pressing (IEAP). The microstructure and tribological behavior of nanostructured tantalum processed by IEAP were analyzed in this work. The samples were extruded for two, five, and twelve passes of IEAP and then exposed to ball-on-disk wear testing in dry sliding conditions. It was shown that after twelve IEAP passes, an extensive grain refinement down to 500 nm was achieved, hardness increased, and a high dislocation density formed in the material. The wear resistance of the material improved successively after each pass of IEAP, and the wear rate decreased, although the friction coefficient did not change. Evaluation of the morphology of the wear tracks showed that the dominant wear mechanisms were comprised of galling, adhesive wear, pitting and microplowing. Refinement of the microstructure by IEAP led to a reduction in adhesive wear and pitting while a slight increase in oxidation appeared. Comparison of the results of wear testing between tantalum against steel balls and tantalum against alumina balls showed that the presence of alumina generated a larger portion of adhesive wear, making the wear mechanism more complicated while the tantalum-steel pair presented milder wear

Advanced electrochemical oxidation for the simultaneous removal of manganese and generation of permanganate oxidant

Emerging electrochemical systems, such as advanced electro-oxidation, provide a potentially powerful alternative to conventional oxidation processes which can often be unsuitable for small, remote and decentralised system applications. The one electro-oxidation process, which may be well suited for these applications, is the use of high oxygen overpotential boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, as a pre-oxidation step for the removal of various raw water contaminants. While BDD electro-oxidation has been studied extensively for the abatement of organic micropollutants, its application as a pre-oxidation technology for the removal of soluble manganese (Mn2+) in source waters for drinking water supply, has not been reported to-date. In this study, we summarise the results of tests using a bench-scale electro-oxidation system and synthetic Mn2+ solutions in order to consider the simultaneous removal of manganese and the generation of permanganate. The results showed that total manganese was reduced by 9.1, 38.7 and 57.4% at current densities of 10, 40 and 80 mA cm−2, respectively, with an initial Mn2+ concentration of 39 μM. Increased Mn removal at higher current density was attributed to increased generation of, and reaction with, hydroxyl radicals, indicated by a direct proportional relationship between pseudo-first order reaction rate constants for methanol (˙OH radical scavenger) and current density. A mathematical model was developed to describe Mn removal under mass transport limitations, and was found to correlate well with experimental data. Finally, a completely novel synthesis pathway for the generation of permanganate species (Mn7+) is presented, whereby concentrations up to 0.9 μM were synthesised from Mn2+ in circumneutral conditions

Reduced Search Space Algorithm for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping in Mobile Robots

<p>In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping in mobile robots which uses evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is based on both local and global heuristic search methods. In each step of robot movements, the local search is applied in the small search space of odometry errors to improve the map accuracy. A global search method is applied for loop closing. The proposed algorithm detects loops and closes them, detects and solves correspondence and avoids local extremums. With a proper representation of problem parameters in chromosome, the dimensionality of search space is reduced. The proposed algorithm utilizes occupancy grid and does not require land marks which are not available in most natural environments. A new fitness function is proposed that is computationally efficient and eliminates the need for complex statistical calculations as used in current approaches. Results of experiments on real datasets exhibit the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the current methods.</p