EFEKTIVITAS KOMBINASI DL-αTOKOFEROL DAN ASAM ASKORBAT TERHADAP KADAR LDL-OX, sCD36, sVCAM-1 DAN NO PADA ANAK SINDROM NEFROTIK

Latar Belakang: Stres oksidatif, disfungsi endotel dan inflamasi mendasari proses aterosklerosis pada anak sindrom nefrotik (SN). Kombinasi dl-α-tokoferol dan asam askorbat berpotensi menurunkan proses stress oksidatif dan disfungsi endotel banyak diteliti pada orang dewasa namun terbatas pada anak SN. Tujuan: Membuktikan pengaruh pemberian kombinasi dl-α-tokoferol dan asam askorbat terhadap Δ kadar LDL-ox sebagai marker stress oksidatif, reseptor makrofag sCD36, sVCAM-1 dan NO sebagai biomarker disfungsi endotel pada anak SN usia 1 – 15 tahun. Metode: Randomized pre test-post test control group design dilakukan pada anak SN usia 1- 15 tahun selama 12 minggu. Kelompok perlakuan diberi obat standar (prednison dosis penuh) dan kombinasi dl-α-tokoferol 10-15 mg /kg/hari & asam askorbat dengan dosis sama, dibagi 2 dosis secara oral. Kelompok kontrol menerima obat standar dan plasebo. Variabel LDL-ox, sCD36, sVCAM-1 diperiksa secara ELISA, NO secara kolorimetri. Analisis statistik digunakan uji Wilcoxon, uji t tidak berpasangan/Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Rerata pretest-posttest kelompok perlakuan kadar LDL-ox (127,2 menjadi 89,5 U/L); sVCAM-1:(929,4 menjadi 868,4ng/mL); NO: (8,9 menjadi 8,5μM/L) menurun. Kadar sCD36 (72,5 menjadi 123,5 ng/mL) meningkat. Kelompok kontrol: LDL-ox (125,2 menjadi 76,7 U/L), sVCAM-1(1231,2 menjadi 1008,0 ng/mL), NO (8,2 menjadi 7,9μM) menurun,. sCD36(56,9 menjadi 61,7ng/mL) meningkat. Uji Wilcoxon kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol berturut-turut kadar LDL-ox p =0,039 dan 0,001, kadar sCD36 : p=0,163 & 0,088, sVCAM-1: p=0,306 & 0,122 dan NO: p=0,983 & 0,760. Δ LDL-ox -37.7 vs - 48.6U / L ; Δ sCD36: 51.1vs 17,2ng / mL; Δ sVCAM-1: -61.0 vs –223ng /mL ; ΔNO -0.4 vs- 0.6 mg/dL dengan uji beda berturut-turut p = 0,594; 0,327; 0,883; 0,864. Berdasarkan status remisi, uji beda kadar LDL-ox, Δ kadar LDL-ox dan kadar sVCAM-1 post test pada kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan p=0,016; 0,047 dan 0,000. Kesimpulan: Pemberian kombinasi dl-α-tokoferol dan asam askorbat dosis 10-15 mg/kgBB/hari selama 12 minggu efektif menurunkan kadar stres oksidatif dan disfungsi endotel pada kelompok perlakuan yang remisi, tetapi tidak efektif terhadap Δ kadar LDL-ox, Δ sCD36, Δ sVCAM-1 dan Δ NO di antara dua kelompok. Kata kunci: Sindrom nefrotik, anti oksidan, stress oksidatif, disfungsi endotel Background: Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to early atherosclerosis process in neprotic syndrome (NS). Administration of combination dl-α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid are potential in decreasing oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, investigated in adult but not yet in children. Objective: To prove that combined supplementation of dl-α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on serum levels of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), soluble scavenger receptor of macrophage CD36(sCD36), soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) and nitric oxide (NO) level in NS of 1- 15 years old. Methods: A randomized pre test–post test control group design was done for 12 weeks. Treatment group was given standard therapy and dl-α-tocopherol 10 -15 mg/kgBW/day plus ascorbic acid in the same dose, twice daily orally. Control group was given steroid therapy (standard) and placebo. Serum level of ox-LDL, sCD36, sVCAM-1 were measured by ELISA and NO by colorimetri. Analysis was done by Wilcoxon, independent t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean level of pre and posttest of ox-LDL (127.2 to 89.5 U/L), sVCAM-1(929.4 to 868.4 ng/mL) and NO (8.9 to 8.5 μM/L) were decreased, but the level of sCD36 (72.5 to 123.5 ng/mL) increased in the treatment group. In control group, the mean level of ox-LDL(125.2 to 76.7 U/L), sVCAM-1(1231.2 to 1008.0 ng/mL), NO ( 8.2 to 7.9 μM) were decreased, but sCD36 (56.9-61.7 ng/mL) was increased. The Wilcoxon test of ox-LDL levels showed p :0.039 in treatment group and p=0.001 in control group. P value in treatment and control group of sCD36 levels were 0.163 and 0.088; sVCAM-1 levels p value = 0.306 & 0.122 and NO levels were p value =0.983 and 0.760. The Δ level of ox-LDL on treatment group compared to control was -37.7vs - 48.6U/L ; Δ sCD36: 51.1vs 17.2ng/mL; Δ sVCAM-1: -61.0 vs –223ng/mL ; Δ NO: -0.4 vs -0.6mg/dL. P value of Δ ox-LDL, ΔsVCAM-1, Δ sCD36 , ΔNO were 0.594, 0.327, 0.883, 0.864, respectively. According to remission state at the end of the study p value level of ox-LDL, Δ ox-LDL and level of sVCAM-1 in treatment group were 0,016; 0,047 and 0,000 respectively. Conclusions: Combined supplementation of dl-α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid 10 –15 mg/kgBW/day for 12 weeks decreased of stress oxidative and endothelial disfunction biomarker in remission state of the treatment group but did not effective to decrease level of Δ ox-LDL, Δ sCD36, Δ sVCAM –1 and Δ NO between two groups. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, antioxidant, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunctio

The media diversity and inclusion paradox: Experiences of black and brown journalists in mainstream British news institutions

Over 100 British journalists of colour are signatories to an open letter demanding the US Ambassador to the UK condemns the arrest of African-American journalist, Omar Jimenez, on May 29th 2020, whilst he was reporting for CNN on the Minneapolis protests following the police killing of George Floyd. The letter is a vital act of black transatlantic solidarity during a moment when journalism is under threat, economically and politically, and there’s a pandemic of racism in the west. These factors make journalism challenging for reporters from racial minorities, who are already underrepresented in western newsrooms and, as this paper shows, encounter discrimination in the field, as well as within the institutions they work for. The letter speaks to how black British journalists are all too aware that the British journalistic field, like the American one, has a race problem, and institutional commitments to diversity often don’t correspond with the experiences of those included, impacting negatively on the retention of black journalists. Drawing on original interviews with 26 journalists of colour who work for Britain’s largest news organisations, this paper theoretically grounds empirical findings to illustrate why and how discriminatory patterns, as well as contradictions, occur and recur in British news production

The media diversity and inclusion paradox: there is a disconnect between expressed commitments to diversity and the experiences of journalists of colour

Drawing on original interviews with 26 journalists of colour who work for Britain’s largest news organisations, Omega Douglas explains why and how discriminatory patterns, as well as contradictions, occur and recur in British news production

The Unicity of a Blow-down.

In algebraic geometry, projective varieties are classified up to isomorphism. This involves classifying the varieties up to birational equivalence and classifying nonsingular varieties in each equivalence class up to isomorphism. Singular projective varieties are modified to less singular or nonsingular ones by blowing up the singularities. A blow up map contracts or blows down an exceptional divisor to a curve or a point. In surfaces, such maps (blow-downs) exist and are unique up to isomorphism and by the Castelnuovo contraction criterion, any curve that can be blown down is a -1 curve. In higher dimensional varieties, contraction morphisms/blow-downs are uniquely determined by the extremal rays which they contract. In this thesis, we present a result due to Lascu [1] on the uniqueness of a blow-down. Precisely, Lascu shows that any birational morphism f : X −→S that contracts a divisor D ⊂ X to a subvariety Y ⊂ S is a blow-down if and only if S is a nonsingular variety, D is a closed nonsingular divisor

UA12/2/4 The Xi Psi Cry

Newsletter created by the Xi Psi chapter of Alpha Phi Omega for the period September - December 1992. If you have additional copies to donate, please contact the University Archives at [email protected]

UA12/2/4 Alpha Phi Omega Newsletter

Newsletter created by and about Alpha Phi Omega fraternity

Intake and Digestibility of Fescue Hay Supplemented with Co-Product Feeds

Satisfying an animals\u27 nutritional needs can help optimize performance and keep an animal healthy. Meeting these nutritional requirements is often complicated by the low quality characteristics of hay, requiring supplementation with concentrate feedstuffs to offset this low nutrient density. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of supplementation with soybean hulls (SH), distiller\u27s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or a 50:50 mixture of the two (MIX) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and in situ forage disappearance in lactating and non-lactating ruminally-cannulated cows offered tall fescue hay. For this experiment, a basal diet of tall fescue hay was offered for ad libitum consumption from large round bales along with supplements of either SH, DDGS, or MIX fed at 0.5% of each cow\u27s body weight. The study consisted of six, 21-d periods using six ruminally-cannulated cows (679 ± 18.7 kg body weight), three lactating and three non-lactating, and the three supplements. Following a 14-d adaptation period to the diets, Dacron bags containing 5 g of ground fescue hay were placed individually into the rumen of each cow at specified intervals over a period of 7 d. On d 21, the bags were removed and washed in a top-loading washing machine ten times. Rumen fluid samples were collected on d 21 of each period at 2 h intervals from 1600 h to 2400 h for analyses of ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acids. Ruminal forage disappearance was not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by diets. Total VFA were greater (P \u3c 0.05) from SH but the proportion of propionate was greater (P \u3c 0.05) from DDGS. Therefore, supplementation with DDGS should improve the energy status of cows being fed poor-quality hay as compared to being offered SH or MIX

UA12/2/64 A Petition to Alpha Tau Omega

Petition made by Alpha Tau Omega club at WKU for affiliation with the Alpha Tau Omega national fraternity. Gives brief history of WKU Greek system and Alpha Tau Omega