Le Statut national de l’étudiant entrepreneur à l'Université Mohammed V de Rabat : contribution à la dynamique entrepreneuriale étudiante

Student entrepreneurship has become an essential pillar of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Morocco. In this context, the National Student Entrepreneur Status (Statut National de l’Étudiant Entrepreneur, SNEE) plays a crucial role by providing students with the opportunity to develop their entrepreneurial skills and bring their projects to life while still at university. The SNEE, implemented as part of an initiative to stimulate student entrepreneurship in Morocco, offers a concrete response to the challenges of employability for young graduates. By providing specific support and tangible benefits, this status acts as a catalyst, bridging students' passion with the challenges of entrepreneurship, thus creating fertile ground for innovation and job creation. The National Student Entrepreneur Status emerges as a promising initiative, allowing students to balance studies and entrepreneurship. Implemented to invigorate student entrepreneurship in Morocco, it offers a concrete response to the employability challenges of young graduates by creating a favorable framework for the emergence of businesses right from university. By fostering startup creation and stimulating innovation, it helps shape a new generation of entrepreneurs capable of tackling economic and social challenges. In this article, we will explore the National Student Entrepreneur Status, examining its origins, objectives, and benefits for students and the Moroccan entrepreneurial ecosystem as a whole. Through this exploration, we aim to demonstrate that the National Student Entrepreneur Status represents more than just an administrative measure but rather a bold vision for the future of student entrepreneurship in Morocco. By giving young students, the opportunity to take charge of their own destinies, it encourages them to explore their passions, interests, and career aspirations early in their studies and training. This status provides them with the chance to discover their creative potential, enhance their profiles, develop entrepreneurial skills, and embody the hope of a dynamic and committed generation of budding entrepreneurs, ready to contribute fully to the prosperity and influence of their country. We delve into the heart of student entrepreneurship, defining its contours. We examine the distinctive characteristics of student entrepreneurship, such as creativity, flexibility, and risk propensity, which shape its essence and impact on the business world. We also analyze the importance of support in the development of student entrepreneurial projects. We study various support models from incubators, mentoring programs, initiatives to strengthen student capacities, and resources available to support young entrepreneurs throughout their journey. We explore the entrepreneurial ecosystem, focusing on how Mohammed V University of Rabat, through the student entrepreneur hub of the university entrepreneurship center, creates an environment conducive to the emergence of entrepreneurial initiatives. By engaging with the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem of its territory, we finally examine the initiatives implemented to encourage innovation and business creation within the university. Keywords : Entrepreneurship ; Intention ; Students ; Training ; SNEE.L'entrepreneuriat et l’innovation sont un moteur pour la croissance et le progrès économique. Au Maroc, les jeunes diplômés sont confrontés à de nombreux défis pour se lancer dans ce domaine. Le Statut National de l’Étudiant-Entrepreneur (SNEE) émerge comme un outil majeur pour stimuler l’esprit d’entreprendre dès les bancs de l'université. Cet article explore l'origine, les objectifs et les avantages du SNEE pour les étudiants et l'écosystème entrepreneurial marocain, illustrant sa pertinence au-delà de sa simple reconnaissance par la publication d’une circulaire ministérielle. Nous mettons en lumière les caractéristiques distinctives de cette tendance dans l’enseignement supérieur au Maroc. Mots Clés : Entrepreneuriat ; Intention ; Étudiants ; Accompagnement ; SNE

Anastomosis configuration and technique following ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease: a multicentre study

A limited ileocaecal resection is the most frequently performed procedure for ileocaecal CD and different anastomotic configurations and techniques have been described. This manuscript audited the different anastomotic techniques used in a national study and evaluated their influence on postoperative outcomes following ileocaecal resection for primary CD. This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), including all adults undergoing elective ileocaecal resection for primary CD from June 2018 May 2019. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery was the primary endpoint. Postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) and anastomotic leak rate were the secondary outcomes. 427 patients were included. The side to side anastomosis was the chosen configuration in 380 patients (89%). The stapled anastomotic (n = 286; 67%), techniques were preferred to hand-sewn (n = 141; 33%). Postoperative morbidity was 20.3% and anastomotic leak 3.7%. Anastomotic leak was independent of the type of anastomosis performed, while was associated with an ASA grade ≥ 3, presence of perianal disease and ileocolonic localization of disease. Four predictors of LOS were identified after multivariate analysis. The laparoscopic approach was the only associated with a reduced LOS (p = 0.017), while age, ASA grade ≥ 3 or administration of preoperative TPN were associated with increased LOS. The side to side was the most commonly used anastomotic configuration for ileocolic reconstruction following primary CD resection. There was no difference in postoperative morbidity according to anastomotic technique and configuration. Anastomotic leak was associated with ASA grade ≥ 3, a penetrating phenotype of disease and ileo-colonic distribution of CD

National variations in perioperative assessment and surgical management of Crohn's disease: a multicentre study

Aim: Crohn's disease (CD) requires a multidisciplinary approach and surgery should be undertaken by dedicated colorectal surgeons with audited outcomes. We present a national, multicentre study, with the aim to collect benchmark data on key performance indicators in CD surgery, to highlight areas where standards of CD surgery excel and to facilitate targeted quality improvement where indicated. Methods: All patients undergoing ileocaecal or redo ileocolic resection in the participating centres for primary and recurrent CD from June 2018 to May 2019 were included. The main objective was to collect national data on hospital volume and practice variations. Postoperative morbidity was the primary outcome. Laparoscopic surgery and stoma rate were the secondary outcomes. Results: In all, 715 patients were included: 457 primary CD and 258 recurrent CD with a postoperative morbidity of 21.6% and 34.7%, respectively. Laparoscopy was used in 83.8% of primary CD compared to 31% of recurrent CD. Twenty-five hospitals participated and the total number of patients per hospital ranged from 2 to 169. Hospitals performing more than 10 primary CD procedures per year showed a higher adoption of laparoscopy and bowel sparing surgery. Conclusions: There is significant heterogeneity in the number of CD surgeries performed per year nationally in Italy. Our data suggest that high-volume hospitals perform more complex procedures, with a higher adoption of bowel sparing surgery. The rate of laparoscopy in high-volume hospitals is higher for primary CD but not for recurrent CD compared with low-volume hospitals

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for the treatment of ileocolonic Crohn's disease: a propensity score-matched analysis

Introduction Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) aims to minimize the surgical access trauma by reducing the number of abdominal incisions to a single site, potentially offering better cosmetic results and decreased postoperative pain. In this study, we compare the results of SILS ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease (CD) to conventional laparoscopy and open surgery using a propensity score-matched analysis in a retrospective national multicentre study. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing elective SILS ileocaecal or redo ileocolic resection for primary and recurrent CD from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2019 were included. Patients were matched 1:1:1 with laparoscopy and open surgery according to perianal disease, recurrent disease, penetrating phenotype of CD, history of previous abdominal surgery, preoperative medical treatment with steroids and anti-TNF. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery was the primary endpoint. Results Fifty-eight patients were included in each group, for a total of 174 patients. The conversion rate for SILS and laparoscopy was 10.3% and 12%, respectively, with no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (13.8% and 12%, p = 0.77), whilst open surgery demonstrated a worse morbidity profile, with a complication rate of 25.9% (p < 0.0001). Median length of hospital stay following SILS ileocolic resection was 5 days, significantly shorter compared to 7 days for laparoscopy and 9 for open surgery (p < 0.0001). Conclusions SILS ileocolonic resection for CD demonstrated a comparable morbidity profile compared to laparoscopy in selected patients, with a reduced length of postoperative hospital stay

Correction to: Surgical treatment of colonic Crohn's disease: a national snapshot study

Abstract Aim The different surgical options for patients with colonic Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) include segmental colectomy, subtotal colectomy or proctocolectomy with end ileostomy. We present a national, multicentre study, promoted by the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery with the aim to collect benchmark data and national variations on multidisciplinary management and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for colonic CD. Methods All adult patients having elective surgery for colonic CD from June 2018 to May 2019 were eligible for participation in this retrospective study. The primary outcome measure was postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery. Results One hundred twenty-two patients were included: 55 subtotal colectomy, 30 segmental colectomy, 25 proctectomy and 12 proctocolectomy. Eighty-six patients (70.4%) were discussed at the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) prior to surgery. This ranged from 76.6% for segmental colectomy to 60% for subtotal colectomy, 66.6% for proctocolectomy and 48% for proctectomy. The proportion of patients counselled by a stoma nurse preoperatively was 50%. Laparoscopy was associated with reduced postoperative morbidity (p = 0.017) and shorter length of hospital stay (p < 0.001), whilst pre-operative anti-TNF was associated with Dindo-Clavien 65 3 complications (p = 0.023) and longer in-hospital stay (p = 0.007). The main procedure performed (segmental colectomy, subtotal colectomy, proctocolectomy or proctectomy) was not associated with postoperative morbidity (p = 0.626). Conclusions Surgery for colonic CD has a high rate of postoperative complications. Almost a third of the patients were not preoperatively discussed at the IBD MDT, whilst the use of minimally invasive surgery for surgical treatment of colonic CD ranges from 40 to 66%

Anastomosis configuration and technique following ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease: a multicentre study

A limited ileocaecal resection is the most frequently performed procedure for ileocaecal CD and different anastomotic configurations and techniques have been described. This manuscript audited the different anastomotic techniques used in a national study and evaluated their influence on postoperative outcomes following ileocaecal resection for primary CD. This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), including all adults undergoing elective ileocaecal resection for primary CD from June 2018 May 2019. Postoperative morbidity within 30&nbsp;days of surgery was the primary endpoint. Postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) and anastomotic leak rate were the secondary outcomes. 427 patients were included. The side to side anastomosis was the chosen configuration in 380 patients (89%). The stapled anastomotic (n\u2009=\u2009286; 67%), techniques were preferred to hand-sewn (n\u2009=\u2009141; 33%). Postoperative morbidity was 20.3% and anastomotic leak 3.7%. Anastomotic leak was independent of the type of anastomosis performed, while was associated with an ASA grade\u2009 65\u20093, presence of perianal disease and ileocolonic localization of disease. Four predictors of LOS were identified after multivariate analysis. The laparoscopic approach was the only associated with a reduced LOS (p\u2009=\u20090.017), while age, ASA grade\u2009 65\u20093 or administration of preoperative TPN were associated with increased LOS. The side to side was the most commonly used anastomotic configuration for ileocolic reconstruction following primary CD resection. There was no difference in postoperative morbidity according to anastomotic technique and configuration. Anastomotic leak was associated with ASA grade\u2009 65\u20093, a penetrating phenotype of disease and ileo-colonic distribution of CD

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for the treatment of ileocolonic Crohn’s disease: a propensity score–matched analysis

Introduction: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) aims to minimize the surgical access trauma by reducing the number of abdominal incisions to a single site, potentially offering better cosmetic results and decreased postoperative pain. In this study, we compare the results of SILS ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease (CD) to conventional laparoscopy and open surgery using a propensity score–matched analysis in a retrospective national multicentre study. Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing elective SILS ileocaecal or redo ileocolic resection for primary and recurrent CD from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2019 were included. Patients were matched 1:1:1 with laparoscopy and open surgery according to perianal disease, recurrent disease, penetrating phenotype of CD, history of previous abdominal surgery, preoperative medical treatment with steroids and anti-TNF. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery was the primary endpoint. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in each group, for a total of 174 patients. The conversion rate for SILS and laparoscopy was 10.3% and 12%, respectively, with no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (13.8% and 12%, p = 0.77), whilst open surgery demonstrated a worse morbidity profile, with a complication rate of 25.9% (p < 0.0001). Median length of hospital stay following SILS ileocolic resection was 5 days, significantly shorter compared to 7 days for laparoscopy and 9 for open surgery (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: SILS ileocolonic resection for CD demonstrated a comparable morbidity profile compared to laparoscopy in selected patients, with a reduced length of postoperative hospital stay

High complication rate in Crohn's disease surgery following percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscess: a multicentre study

Introduction Intra-abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn's disease (CD) present an additional challenge as their presence can contraindicate immunosuppressive treatment whilst emergency surgery is associated with high stoma rate and complications. Treatment options include a conservative approach, percutaneous drainage, and surgical intervention. The current multicentre study audited the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent preoperative radiological drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses up to 6 weeks prior to surgery for ileocolonic CD. Methods This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), including all adults undergoing ileocolic resection for primary or recurrent CD from June 2018 to May 2019. The outcomes of patients who underwent radiological guided drainage prior to ileocolonic resection were compared to the patients who did not require preoperative drainage. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery was the primary endpoint. Postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) and anastomotic leak rate were the secondary outcomes. Results Amongst a group of 575 included patients who had an ileocolic resection for CD, there were 36 patients (6.2%) who underwent abscess drainage prior to surgery. Postoperative morbidity (44.4%) and anastomotic leak (11.1%) were significantly higher in the group of patients who underwent preoperative drainage. Conclusions Patients with Crohn's disease who require preoperative radiological guided drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses are at increased risk of postoperative morbidity and septic complications following ileocaecal or re-do ileocolic resection