Al-Khazini in on the development of hydrostatic balance and its functionality

The significance of this chapter is to review the main contributions of al-Khazini in physics and scientific instruments. The methodology adopted in this chapter includes review of available and reliable literatures and data collected from library and internet sources. The main focus of the chapter is to present the work done by previous Muslim scientists on hydrostatics in the determinations of specific gravies of liquid, precious stones, metals and the hydrostatic balance designed and constructed by al-Khazini. Studies have shown that AI-Biruni and AI-Khazini performed the first scientific experimentations in areas of statics and dynamics; this is particularly for determination of specific weights, such as those based on the "theory of balances and weighing". The strict definition for a specific weight is given by AI-Khazini in "The Book of the Balance of Wisdom" and the reminder of the book is devoted to the description of various balances, beginning with balance attributed to Archimedes, proceeding through balances developed by Muslim scholars and concluding with an exhaustive description of the balance which al-Khazini calls "The Balance of Wisdo

LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

In particular, the relationship between democratic, autocratic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles and organizational performance was the focus of this study. The study was an organized review of the literature (Desk Review), concentrating on general discussions that were already accessible through database search engines like Google Scholar. The most pertinent journal papers, books, and dissertations were also looked for by the researcher. The theoretical foundation of democratic, autocratic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles as well as organizational performance was uncovered by the study's findings. According to a study that examined many authors' studies on leadership behaviors and the performance of organizations, some leadership styles are good for an organization's success while others are bad depending on the circumstance.  Article visualizations

Design of power device sizing and integration for solar-powered aircraft application

The power device constitutes the PV cell, rechargeable battery, and maximum power point tracker. Solar aircraft lack proper power device sizing to provide adequate energy to sustain low and high altitude and long endurance flight. This paper conducts the power device sizing and integration for solar-powered aircraft applications (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). The solar radiation model, the aerodynamic model, the energy and mass balance model, and the adopted aircraft configuration were used to determine the power device sizing, integration, and application. The input variables were aircraft mass 3 kg, wingspan 3.2 m, chord 0.3 m, aspect ratio 11.25, solar radiation 825 W/m2 , lift coefficient 0.913, total drag coefficient 0.047, day time 12 hour, night time 12 hours, respectively. The input variables were incorporated into the MS Excel program to determine the output variables. The output variables are; the power required 10.92 W, the total electrical power 19.47 W, the total electrical energy 465.5 Wh, the daily solar energy 578.33 Wh, the solar cell area 0.62 m, the number of PV cell 32, and the number of the Rechargeable battery 74 respectively. The power device was developed with the PV cell Maxeon Gen III for high efficiency, the rechargeable battery sulfur-lithium battery for high energy density, and the Maximum power point tracker neural network algorithm for smart and efficient response. The PD sizing was validated with three existing designs. The validation results show that 20% reduction of the required number of PV cells and RB and a 30% increase in flight durations

Hessian-based model reduction with applications to initial-condition inverse problems

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89).(cont.) Reduced-order models that are able to approximate output quantities of interest of high-fidelity computational models over a wide range of input parameters play an important role in making tractable large-scale optimal design, optimal control, and inverse problem applications. We consider the problem of determining a reduced model of an initial value problem that spans all important initial conditions, and pose the task of determining appropriate training sets for reduced-basis construction as a sequence of optimization problems. We show that, under certain assumptions, these optimization problems have an explicit solution in the form of an eigenvalue problem, yielding an efficient Hessian based model reduction algorithm that scales well to systems with states of high dimension. Furthermore, tight upper bounds are given for the error in the outputs of the reduced models. The reduction methodology is demonstrated for several linear systems, including a large-scale contaminant transport problem. Models constructed with the Hessian-based approach are used to solve an initial condition inverse problem, and the resulting initial condition estimates compare favorably to those computed with high-fidelity models and low-rank approximations. Initial condition estimates are then formed with limited observational data to demonstrate that predictions of system state using reduced models are possible given relatively short measurement time windows. We show that reduced state can be used to approximate full state given an appropriate reduced basis, meaning that approximate forward simulations of large-scale systems can be computed in reduced space.by Omar Shahid Bashir.S.M

Generic performance management of multiservice networks

This paper discusses various approaches to the development of an integrated and automated network performance measurement tool. Adopting an object-orientated approach to the entire system design can assist this requirement for intelligence in a distributed manner. The authors have found the JAVA language to greatly assist in this task and this language has been used for all aspects of the system from traffic generation/reception, to the database and display systems. Finally, examples of the systems have been developed and implemented at various levels, from experimental operations on ATM networks, to a prototype operational system on BT's commercial SMDS (Switched Multi-megabit Data Service) networ

Prevalence of noninfectious respiratory disease in thoroughbred racehorses

The objective of the study was to identify the most common noninfectious respiratory diseases in Thoroughbred racehorses and to determine effect on their performance. One hundred and thirty randomly selected records of Thoroughbred racehorses at the Perak Turf Club, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia diagnosed with noninfectious respiratory disease and with complains of poor athletic performance accompanied by coughing, exercise intolerance and abnormal respiratory noises were obtained. Among the data recorded and analyzed were surgery and racing performance records, which were used to determine the most prevalent noninfectious respiratory diseases in the Thoroughbred racehorses. The results showed that the most common noninfectious respiratory disease in Thoroughbred racehorses is exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) 49.2%), recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (28.2%), respiratory allergy (10%), epiglottic entrapment (EE) (7.7%), displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) (3.8%) and subepiglottic cysts (0.8%). The study also showed that surgical correction for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) (Grade IV and Grade V), epiglottic entrapment, dorsal displacement of soft palate (Persistent) and subepiglottic cysts (SEC) gave good resolution and good prognosis for recovery. Thus surgical treatments of Thoroughbred racehorses with noninfectious respiratory disease can improve their athletic performance

Architecture for the management and presentation of communication network performance data

Packet based data networks such as BT's Switched Multi- megabit Data Service (SMDS) have performance that varies with customer behaviour, network design and network pro- vision. This paper describes a system researched to monitor such networks from the customer's perspective, but on be- half of the operator. The information generated allows the operator to determine whether the network is performing correctly or whether changes or customer load will require the network to be changed in some way. Such networks are increasing important as many parts of the Internet are built on similar technologies. The paper speci cally considers an architecture which encompasses all the main functionality involved in perfor- mance management of networks. Consideration is given to the management and dissemination of the data collected. A database to enhance network data mining performance is described. A method to identify the periods of signi - cance in the measurement data based on a statistical test and a neural network is incorporated into a realisation of the architecture. In addition, a novel mechanism for the real-time presentation of the network performance data in an operator-friendly manner is given