A Philosophical Introduction of Islamic Political System and Social Behavior

This paper focuses on exploring Islamic social behavior and Islamic political system nature as a religion from a scientific and philosophical perspective and the most important Islamic aims in politics and society. It also aims to explore the phenomenon, true concepts, and the concepts of its ideology in addition to suggesting various definitions. This paper used a logical analysis method, philosophical interpretations, and verses of the Holy Quran without subjecting it to a specific interpretation. It also used measurement and deduction method, and it compares different political systems and different social structures, in Islamic and non-Islamic country, based on common factors and special Islamic factors. This present paper shows that Muslim community behavior is subjected to religious orientation and the state law. This paper found that Islam calls for peace and accepts modern political concepts. Islamic country should accept the concept of party rather than the concept of group. Also, Islam calls for a social behavior that respects privacy by forbidding spying and criticizing an individual within the scope of his personal life. This paper found that entry into Islam is optional, while getting out of Islam is not optional. This paper also diagnoses the civilization clash and how to avoid it. Therefore, this paper hereby suggests the explanations and definitions of many important phenomenon and concepts, which would contribute to a better understanding of many phenomena in the religion, ethic, law, society, and politics for better decision-making

The Susceptible Size of Coronavirus Spread, Epidemic Age, and Optimal Decisions

This paper aims to determine the susceptible size used in the mathematical model that predicts the epidemic curve. It also aims to ascertain the age of the epidemic and its reliability system, further suggesting optimal decisions. This paper employs the mathematical induction and deduction methods to extract the parameter λ and the age of the epidemic. Functions techniques were also used to evaluate the susceptible size. It used the epidemiological forecasting models with r at 0.15 and ≤ 150 for Hubei, and ≤ 83 for Germany. It also used the shortest path and available data to calculate the recovery rate used in mixed strategies game with the decisions trees. This paper found that the susceptible size that added to infection size, to give the N size, should be determined by a function. This paper found that the longer the epidemic age, the greater the size that affects the virus reliability system. The virus spread active center is a community of unlimited and variable random. This means that is small and almost constant. The optimal decisions are to use the second strategy until the first strategy is available. The second strategy has two parts: searching for vaccine and accurate medicine and applying supportive therapy and protection. This paper therefore suggests explanations to many concepts that will contribute to a better understanding of many phenomena in modeling, epidemic, decisions, economic, and politics

Philosophical Issues in the Legislation of Islam: Right, Women, and Money

This paper focuses on exploring a contemporary issues in the Islamic legislations as a religion from a scientific and philosophical perspective, approach of Islam with science, and major goals of Islam in terms of rights, money, and woman. It also aims to explore the phenomenon, true concepts, and the concepts of this ideology. Based on these definitions and formulas, a two survey study was designed and used from two stage stratified random sample of cluster. The final sampling units were selected randomly from the primary sampling units (25 families from every count regions) using a systematic random sample. In this present study, it was found that for a chosen country, the Polygamy percentage is about 0.1% of married female. Only 2.11% out of the total employed female renders supports to their family. Unmarried females who are 15 years old and over with Pregnancy are less by 24.1% when compared to unmarried males. There is a high dependence on men in the case of family supporting. In conclusion, successful application of Islam with science depends on the possibility of applying them together. Therefore, the explanations and definitions of many important legislation, phenomenon, and concepts, in addition to some formulas, were suggested. This, however, would have a significant contribution to a better understanding of many phenomena in the religion, ethic, law, economic, society, and politics

Education Functions and Knowledge: Philosophy in Islam

This paper focuses on exploring the functions of education and the concept of knowledge in Islam. The importance of human intelligence compared to artificial intelligence and the importance of language in education is also discussed. This paper further examined phenomena, true concepts, the concepts of ideology and suggested definitions. It used Quran verses, measurements, and deduction methods along with morphological, semantic, and grammar analysis. It also used philosophical interpretations, scientific discoveries, logical values, and symbols such as if-then-or-and-no. This paper discovered that the function of education in Islam takes the environment into consideration. It depends on reward and punishment, and upon the principle of what is harmful and what is not. It entails the setting up to gain the confidence necessary for education in addition to other fundamental educational functions such as repetition, orderliness, accomplishment, manners of consumption and aesthetics appreciation, etc. The study also highlighted the importance of using competent language and honest artificial intelligence in education. It further discovered that Islam encourages scientific curriculum and accepts scientific explanations for general descriptions. It was suggested that Islam should require an electoral process for imam or teacher and ethical materials within the curriculum. This paper is of the opinion that knowledge is an interpretation, and the search for it is endless, while visions are phenomena. This paper therefore suggests explanations and definitions for many important concepts that will contribute to a better understanding of many phenomena in education, ethics, language, and artificial intelligence

Systemic Review and Clinical Management in Diagnosis and Treatment of the Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults

This study aimed at exploring with a systematic review the clinical management in diagnosis and treatment of the iron deficiency anemia in adults, as the iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anemia worldwide. And it impairs quality of life, increases asthenia and can lead to clinical worsening of patients. In addition, iron deficiency has a complex mechanism whose pathologic pathway is recently becoming better understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding diagnostic algorithms for iron deficiency anemia. The majority of aetiologies occur in the digestive tract, and justify morphological examination of the gut. First line investigations are upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, and when negative, the small bowel should be explored; newer tools such as video capsule endoscopy have also been developed. The treatment of iron deficiency is aetiological if possible and iron supplementation whether in oral or in parenteral form

Oxidative stress contributes to cobalt oxide nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

BackgroundCobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co(3)O(4)NPs) are increasingly recognized for their utility in biological applications, magnetic resonance imaging, and drug delivery. However, little is known about the toxicity of Co(3)O(4)NPs in human cells.MethodsWe investigated the possible mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by Co(3)O(4)NPs in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, apoptosis, and DNA damage were assessed in HepG2 cells after Co(3)O(4)NPs and Co(2+) exposure.ResultsCo(3)O(4)NPs elicited a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in glutathione with a concomitant increase in lipid hydroperoxide, ROS generation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity after 24- and 48-hour exposure. Co(3)O(4)NPs had a mild cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells; however, it induced ROS and oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, a probable mechanism of genotoxicity. The comet assay showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) dose- and time-related increase in DNA damage for Co(3)O(4)NPs, whereas Co(2+) induced less change than Co(3)O(4)NPs but significantly more than control.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that Co(3)O(4)NPs induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells through ROS and oxidative stress

MRI Contrast Agents: Developments, Challenges, and Future Trends

Contrast agents in medicine are chemical materials used to improve tissue and fluid contrast in the body during medical imaging. It is mainly used in improving the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. Some types of contrast materials are used in a medical imaging examination and can be classified according to the imaging technique used. The first contract agent dates back to 1988 which is called gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist®) and was allocated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Then, I has become available in clinical use. Afterwards, many studies have examined the capability of MRI contrast agents to be used in diagnostic imaging in all parts of the body including the skin, the central nervous system, heart and circulation, breast, lungs, musculoskeletal and lymphatic systems, and even the gastrointestinal tract. Nowadays, MRI contrast agents are widely used in clinical practice and have expanded beyond the imitational expectations to be a key tool in disease diagnosis around the world. Contrast-Enhanced (CE) MRI keeps in development and new technologies have emerged and new agents were introduced, with great opportunity being provided to ensure better imaging and patient management practices. Also, new clinical challenges were associated with the progress in CE-MRI. This paper aims to overview the historical development of MRI and contrast materials in order to shed light on the clinical development of CE-MRI. Also, the paper overviews the contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges associated with CE-MRI with the provision of significant future trends

A Phytochemical Analysis, Microbial Evaluation and Molecular Interaction of Major Compounds of Centaurea bruguieriana Using HPLC-Spectrophotometric Analysis and Molecular Docking

Centaurea is one of the most important genera within the family Asteraceae. An investigation of the phytochemical composition of Centaurea bruguieriana using Gas-Chromatography coupled to Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) and validated by molecular docking for the major compounds of the most active fraction (1,10-di-epi-cubenol and methyl 8-oxooctanoate) of C. bruguieriana against three bacterial receptors (TyrRS, DNA gyrase, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)). Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the contents of major compounds from ethyl acetate fraction (luteolin 7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and isorhamnetin). The antimicrobial activity test showed that the chloroform fraction was more active against all microbial strains. The results of the molecular docking of two major compounds from chloroform fraction showed that good affinities were made between 1,10-di-epi-cubenol and the three selected receptors (TyrRs: −6.0 Kcal/mol against −8.2 Kcal/mol obtained with clorobiocin (standard); DNA gyrase: −6.6 Kcal/mol against −9.1 Kcal/mole obtained with clorobiocin; DHFR: −7.4 Kcal/mol against −6.3 Kcal/mol obtained with SCHEMBL2181345 Standard). Antioxidant evaluation showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction in DPPH (IC50 49.4 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 52.8 µg/mL) models. HPLC results showed the contents of luteolin 7-O-glucoside (7.4 µg/mg), and chlorogenic acid (3.2 µg/mg). Our study demonstrated that C. bruguierana is a promising source of bioactive compounds

A Phytochemical Analysis, Microbial Evaluation and Molecular Interaction of Major Compounds of Centaurea bruguieriana Using HPLC-Spectrophotometric Analysis and Molecular Docking

Centaurea is one of the most important genera within the family Asteraceae. An investigation of the phytochemical composition of Centaurea bruguieriana using Gas-Chromatography coupled to Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) and validated by molecular docking for the major compounds of the most active fraction (1,10-di-epi-cubenol and methyl 8-oxooctanoate) of C. bruguieriana against three bacterial receptors (TyrRS, DNA gyrase, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)). Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the contents of major compounds from ethyl acetate fraction (luteolin 7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and isorhamnetin). The antimicrobial activity test showed that the chloroform fraction was more active against all microbial strains. The results of the molecular docking of two major compounds from chloroform fraction showed that good affinities were made between 1,10-di-epi-cubenol and the three selected receptors (TyrRs: −6.0 Kcal/mol against −8.2 Kcal/mol obtained with clorobiocin (standard); DNA gyrase: −6.6 Kcal/mol against −9.1 Kcal/mole obtained with clorobiocin; DHFR: −7.4 Kcal/mol against −6.3 Kcal/mol obtained with SCHEMBL2181345 Standard). Antioxidant evaluation showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction in DPPH (IC50 49.4 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 52.8 µg/mL) models. HPLC results showed the contents of luteolin 7-O-glucoside (7.4 µg/mg), and chlorogenic acid (3.2 µg/mg). Our study demonstrated that C. bruguierana is a promising source of bioactive compounds

COVID-19 clinical presentations: the modern mimic of other conditions

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has placed enormous challenges on the health sector. Diagnosis is one of these challenges, where a clinical presentation may suggest a disease other than COVID-19. In this review we describe many presentations unrelated to the respiratory system. The ACE2 receptor is present in a wide variety of body tissues and it appears that this may be a link with the clinical pathology. To find these data we searched the major academic research engines, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, as well as the most recent case reports and original research published in specialized journals. An awareness of these uncommon presentations helps health workers to recognize and treat the disease early and appropriately. Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, pandemic, ACE2, unusual symptoms, revie