The Effect of Drying Methods on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Growing in Lagos, Nigeria

This research studied the effects of different drying methods on the yield and chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil from the red variety of leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. A total of 26, 23, 30 and 25 compounds were identified in the oils of the fresh, air-dried, sun-dried and oven-dried plant materials, respectively. In general, the air-dried plant yielded more essential oils than the fresh, sun-dried and oven-dried plant. The air-dried, sun-dried and oven-dried plant materials yielded 0.90 %, 0.20 % and 0.58 % of the essential oils, respectively whereas the fresh plant materials yielded oils of 0.63 %. The essential oils of Caesalpinia pulcherrima were composed mainly of sesquiterpenoids. The fresh leaf oil comprises caryophyllene, 15.51 %; α -cadinol 14.36 %; γ–muurolene, 13.28 %; nerolidol 8.32 % as the most prominent components. While, the major components common to the different drying methods are air-dried; (phytol, 12.28%; copaene, 9.07 %; γ-pyronene, 8.95 %; neryl propanoate, 6.55 %), sun-dried (neryl propanoate, 8.18 %; copaene, 5.49 %; phytol, 4.72 %; γ -pyronene, 0.87 %), oven-dried (copaene, 18.77 %; neryl propanoate, 7.61 %; γ-pyronene, 4.59 %; phytol - 3.25 %). This results showed that similar major compounds were present in all the dried leaf oils but at varying quantities, whereas, they all differ from the major compounds of the fresh leaf oil. This disparity may be due to chemical transformation of the components in the different environ ments exposed to for moisture removal

Term quadruplet pregnancy: a case report

Higher order multiple pregnancies are rare and often associated with complications. Term delivery is uncommon. This is a report of a 22 years old G3 p2 + 0 (1 alive) teacher who had quadruplet pregnancy following ovulation induction is presented. She had elective caesarean section at term with the delivery of two live male and two live female infants with birth weights ranging between 1750gram and 2850grams. Term delivery in quadruplet pregnancy is possible as demonstrated in this case, and has the advantage of improved perinatal outcome. Bed rest early detection and management of antenatal complications, and planned elective delivery are probably the keys to a successful outcome

Undiagnosed HIV Presenting with Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonitis

Undiagnosed or untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection can lead to devastating complications. We present a case of a 41-year-old woman who was found to have HIV-related lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. LIP is uncommon, and its presentation can be quite similar to that of other chronic lung conditions. This case illustrates one of the possible protean manifestations of untreated HIV and is a sobering reminder of the need to screen all adults for HIV infection. Additionally, further invasive diagnostic testing may be required to guide therapy in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This patient's LIP was likely related to long-standing unrecognized HIV disease

TB Peritonitis Mistaken for Ovarian Carcinomatosis Based on an Elevated CA-125

Background. In the United States, tuberculosis (TB) is of relatively low prevalence and most newly diagnosed patients are born outside of the United States. In addition, a large percentage (20.6%) of TB cases initially present with extrapulmonary manifestations (CDC, 2010). Cases of TB peritonitis are a diagnostic challenge in women due to the nonspecific clinical features overlapping with signs of ovarian cancer. (Kosseifi et al., 2009; Rashed et al., 2007; and Xi et al., 2010). We present a 27 year-old woman thought to have ovarian carcinomatosis based on elevated levels of CA-125 who was ultimately diagnosed with TB salpingitis, endometritis, and peritonitis. Methods. This brief report is a retrospective case report. Results. This case outlines the unfortunate consequences of the misdiagnosis of what probably was an antibiotic responsive illness, resulting in an unnecessarily aggressive surgical procedure. The delay in the diagnosis of tuberculous pertitonitis resulted in an unnecessary radical resection of the patient's reproductive organs. Conclusions. Patients with TB peritonitis present with non-specific signs that may be misdiagnoses as ovarian cancer. In differentiating between ovarian carcinomatosis and peritoneal TB, it is vital to consider country of origin, age, CA-125, ascitic fluid analysis, and the use of intra-operative frozen sections

Evaluation of Automated Cataloguing System in Academic Libraries in Oyo State Nigeria

This study investigated automated cataloguing system in academic libraries in selected higher institutions in Oyo State Nigeria. The population of the study covered all the forty one (41) professional and para-professional cataloguers working in the cataloguing section. Total enumeration technique was used for data collection. Questionnaire was distributed to all the cataloguers in the selected institutions. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed the data collected. The result of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system saves time taking to catalogue information materials in the libraries. The result of the study also revealed that the selected institutions did not share resources among themselves. The finding of the study revealed that automated cataloguing system made cataloguing of information materials in the libraries faster. Therefore, the study concluded that automated cataloguing system in institutions’ libraries is a desirable one. Hence, the study recommended that in addition to cataloguing section, all other sections in the libraries be automated and provision of information technology tools needed for effective system be made available in the libraries

Dietary Fortification of Sorghum-Ogi using Crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) as Supplements in Infancy

Malnutrition in neonates is a concern in developing countries where there is deficiency in nourishing foods for young ones. The utilization of fresh crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) in enhancing the nutrient value of commonly used sorghum grain weaning food for infancy was investigated. The study was carried out using a 10 – 50 wt% mixture of sorghum grain and crayfish in three categories of soaked sorghum grains with unroasted crayfish (Case A); de-hulled roasted sorghum grains with roasted crayfish (Case B) and de-hulled, un-roasted sorghum grain with un-roasted crayfish (Case C). The proximate analysis, functional and pasting properties in addition to taste panel evaluation of the batch composition were determined. The result indicated beneficial fat and protein contents of the blend with increase addition of crayfish with Case B and Case C preferred. The overall acceptability at 5% confidence level of organoleptic evaluation identified Case B with over 70% acceptance value, while the amylograph pasting analysis indicated that crayfish blend improved the stability of sorghum-ogi, hence it is beneficial as weaning food for infancy

Synergistic broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea-derived silver nanoparticles and streptomycin against respiratory pathobionts

Respiratory tract infections arise due to the introduction of microbes into the airway, disrupting the normal, healthy, complex interdependent microbiome. The selective disruption of this community can be either beneficial or dangerous. Nanoparticles are a potential tool for modifying this population. Coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ethanolic extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (EEHH), a Southern African plant used extensively in traditional medicine and the source of many bioactive secondary metabolites. The room temperature reaction between silver nitrate and EEHH forms largely spherical AgNPs with an average diameter of 6–20 nm. These nanoparticles show similar levels of antibacterial activity as the broad-spectrum antibiotic streptomycin against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis. However, the AgNPs synergistically increase the antibacterial activity of streptomycin when they are applied in combination (30–52%). AgNPs are reiterated to be promising dual-function antibiotics, synergistically enhancing activity while also acting as delivery agents for small molecules

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG INFANTS AND PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN SETTLEMENTS AROUND OYAN RESERVOIR IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

The need for more information on the risk factors for schistosomiasis among infants and preschool-aged children as become important for the development of health education programme since this age group is currently excluded in preventive chemotherapy programmes.  Therefore, the prevalence and intensity of, and risk factors for, infant and preschool-aged children infection with Schistosoma haematobium were explored in two endemic settlements around Oyan Reservior in Ogun State, Nigeria. Mothers and caregivers’ knowledge of the disease, water contact activities of their preschooler, age at first exposure and control measures were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Of the 86 preschooler screened from the two settlements 46 (53.5%) were infected, with an overall geometric mean intensity of 0.36 eggs/10 ml urine. The prevalence of egg-patent S. haematobium infection was 27.8% in Ibaro and 72.0% in Imala-Odo respectively. There were significant differences in prevalence (P=0.0005) and intensity (P=0.0006) of infection between the two communities, however, these did not increase significantly with age in both communities.  Interviews revealed that preschoolers were exposed to infected reservoir water as early as after birth, while older preschoolers frequently visited water bodies on their own to play, bath and wash cloth. There was significant reduction in prevalence of schistosomiasis among preschool-aged children in Ibaro community compared to Imala-Odo community; this could be attributed to awareness about the disease, and its mode of transmission.  Intensive health education still remains the alternative for reducing transmission in preschoolers in the absence of standardized treatment dosage for them.Â

Analytical modelling of in-situ layer-wise defect detection in 3D Printed parts: Additive Manufacturing

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This study analyses a software algorithm developed on MATLAB, which can be used to examine fused filament fabrication-based 3D printed materials for porosity and other defects that might affect the mechanical property of the final component under manufacture or the general aesthetic quality of a product. An in-depth literature review into the 3D printed materials reveals a rapidly increasing trend in its application in the industrial sector. Hence the quality of manufactured products cannot be compromised. Despite much research found to be done on this subject, there is still little or no work reported on porosity or defect detection in 3D printed components during (real-time) or after manufacturing operation. The algorithm developed in this study is tested for two different 3-D object geometry and the same filament color. The results showed that the algorithm effectively detected the presence or absence of defects in a 3D printed part geometry and filament colors. Hence, this technique can be generalized to a considerable range of 3-D printer geometries, which solve material wastages by spotting defects during the workpieces layer-wise manufacturing process, thereby improving the economic advantages of additive manufacturing

RESIDENTS’ FACILITIES SATISFACTION IN HOUSING PROJECT DELIVERED BY PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Public-private partnership in housing development provide conducive housing environment through provision of services, good and quality facilities, easy access to social amenities, good security arrangement among others. It is on this basis that this study examined residents’ satisfaction of facilities in housing projects delivered by public private partnership. A field survey was conducted in three existing housing estates delivered through PPP within the study area. The information gathered from both the secondary and primary data were used to analyze occupant’s satisfaction of facilities available in housing project delivered by PPP. Questionnaires were distributed through systematic sampling method to 224 respondents in the three existing housing estates in the study area. Result showed that Year of tenure, size of house hold, provision of facilities, security of life and properties, location of resident, space allocation, proximity to work place were some of the factors significantly contributed to occupier satisfaction of facilities available in a PPP driven housing estate .The study recommended that for successful implementation of the PPP housing project to meet the desired satisfaction of any occupier, the government should ensure that all the necessary infrastructural facilities and services like good road, electricity, school, health centre etc. be provided first before building production commence on the estate. Moreover, recreational facilities lacking in most of the estates should be provided so that residents of the estate would not need to travel miles to access these facilities