El reto de tener hijos y trabajar: un análisis desde la socio-demografía

El Seminario Permanente sobre conciliación de la vida laboral, personal y familiar del Instituto de Ciencias para la Familia ha sido creado como espacio interdisciplinar de reflexión e intercambio de ideas sobre cuestiones relacionadas con la conciliación. Esta publicación recoge las sesiones dedicadas a las familias con dos sueldos y tres trabajos

El ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación en pacientes graves en programa de mantenimiento con metadona: resultados a corto y medio plazo

Introducción: Se analiza naturalísticamente la evolución durante seis meses de pacientes graves en Programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) que presentan recaídas en el consumo de opiáceos y/o cocaína y requieren un ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación. El diseño es prospectivo y la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realiza el seguimiento de 15 personas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión durante 18 meses consecutivos. La mayoría de los pacientes (11:15) recaen precozmente en el consumo de drogas. El patrón de reinicio de consumo es similar: primero reinician el consumo de cocaína y posteriormente de opiáceos. El tiempo medio de recaída en cocaína es de 1.8 meses, y de heroína es de 2.8 meses. Conclusiones: La efectividad a corto y medio plazo del ingreso hospitalario de desintoxicación en PMM, que han recaído en el consumo de drogas es baja. El patrón de nuevas recaídas es predecible y típico

Equitat en salut: el cas del biaix de genere

Equitat en salut; Equity in Health; Equidad en saludL’equitat en salut ens ha de preocupar si considerem que tots els éssers humans són moralment iguals i que, per tant, mereixen el mateix respecte a la seva vida i dignitat. Però també és rellevant des d’una visió més utilitarista, atès que uns nivells pitjors de salut dels individus comprometen el benestar social i econòmic global de les comunitats. Així, doncs, l’aspiració a l’equitat no és només una qüestió d’altruisme o de bones intencions, sinó una obligació moral i una qüestió de dret

Accumulation of symetric dimethylarginine in hepatorenal syndrome.

In patients with cirrhosis, nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and possibly symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) have been linked to the severity of the disease. We investigated whether plasma levels of dimethylarginines and NO are elevated in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), compared with patients with cirrhosis without renal failure (no- HRS). Plasma levels of NO, ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine were measured in 11 patients with HRS, seven patients with no-HRS, and six healthy volunteers. SDMA concentration in HRS was higher than in no-HRS and healthy subjects (1.47 6 0.25 vs. 0.38 6 0.06 and 0.29 6 0.04 lM, respectively; P , 0.05). ADMA and NOx concentrations were higher in HRS and no-HRS patients than in healthy subjects (ADMA, 1.20 6 0.26, 1.11 6 0.1, and 0.53 6 0.06 lM, respectively; P , 0.05; NOx, 94 6 9.1, 95.5 6 9.54, and 37.67 6 4.62 lM, respectively; P , 0.05). In patients with HRS there was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and plasma SDMA (r2¼0.765, P , 0.001) but not between serum creatinine and ADMA or NOx. The results suggest that renal dysfunction is a main determinant of elevated SDMA concentration in HRS. Accumulation of ADMA as a result of impaired hepatic removal may be the causative factor initiating renal vasoconstriction and SDMA retention in the kidney. Exp Biol Med 231:7075, 200

Layer-by-layer vaginal films for acyclovir controlled release to prevent genital herpes

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It mainly affects women, as the rate of sexual transmission from male-to-female is higher than from female-to-male. The application of vaginal antivirals drugs could reduce the prevalence of genital herpes and prevent future infections. Layer-bylayer vaginal films were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using iota-carrageenan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the polymethacrylates Eudragit® RS PO and Eudragit® S100, for the controlled release of acyclovir. The films were characterized by texture analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Swelling, mucoadhesion, and drug release studies were conducted in simulated vaginal fluid. The results show that Layer-by-Layer films exhibited adequate mechanical properties. The structuring of the layer-by-layer films allowed the controlled release of acyclovir and produced a prolonged mucoadhesion residence time of up to 192 h. The films formed in layer 2 by the combination of Eudragit® RS PO and S100 showed a controlled release of acyclovir for eight days, and adequate mechanical properties. These promising formulations for the prevention of genital herpes deserve further evaluation

Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gramazio P, Lerma MD, Villanueva G, et al. Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Ann Appl Biol. 2019;175:172 183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) is a pospiviroid that causes severe disease symptoms in tomato. TCDVd is also naturally found in other crops and plants, in most occasions being asymptomatic. Apart from the natural hosts reported up to now, artificial inoculations have revealed that TCDVd can infect other plants, including eggplant (Solanum melongena). In a screening of seedlings of eggplant from a breeding programme we detected a pospiviroid, which we identified as TCDVd, representing the first report of natural infection of eggplant by TCDVd. The new TCDVd isolate of eggplant was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT¿PCR) using primers TG21/CT20, initially designed to detect potato spindle tuber viroid. The new isolate sequence is close to a Brugmansia sanguinea isolate of TCDVd from the Netherlands, and most of the nucleotidic changes with respect to this isolate and to the reference genome sequence of TCDVd are found in the TR region. Naturally infected plants of eggplant with this TCDVd isolate did not display any disease symptoms. We demonstrated that in eggplant TCDVd is mechanically transmitted with low to moderate efficiency with cultivation practices, but not by plant¿to¿plant contact. Tomato plants artificially inoculated with the eggplant isolate of TCDVd tested positive for the presence of the viroid at 50¿days after inoculation, but did not display any disease symptoms. Seed transmission to germinated seedlings of eggplant was variable among progenies from infected plants, ranging from 7.7% to 100.0%. Disinfection of seeds with chemical treatments with sodium hypochlorite and trisodium phosphate solutions plus thermotherapy at 80°C for 24¿hr or 90°C for 6 hr was ineffective in reducing the rate of transmission by seed. We did not find evidence of horizontal transmission of TCDVd by pollen, but vertical transmission was highly efficient when healthy eggplant plants were pollinated with infected pollen. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection of eggplant by TCDVd and high seed and pollen transmission rates may contribute to the spread of this viroid. The information we obtained is useful in order to implement measures for the prevention, control and eradication of TCDVd in eggplant crops, as well as to avoid their transmission to other hosts.P.G. is grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València and to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for their respective postdoctoral grants (PAID-10-18 and FY2019 JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan [Standard]). A.A. and D.A. are grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València for their respective predoctoral (PAID-01-18 and PAID-01-16) contracts within the Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo initiative. E.G.-F. is grateful to Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario for a predoctoral grant (FPU17/02389). G.M. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for a predoctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolía programme (GRISOLIAP/2016/012). M.P. is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a postdoctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).Gramazio, P.; Lerma Lerma, MD.; Villanueva-Párraga, G.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; García-Fortea, E.; Mangino, G.; Figás-Moreno, MDR.... (2019). Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant. Annals of Applied Biology. 175(2):172-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12527S1721831752Bakker, D., Bruinsma, M., Dekter, R. W., Toonen, M. A. J., Verhoeven, J. T. J., & Koenraadt, H. M. S. (2015). Detection of PSTVd and TCDVd in seeds of tomato using real-time RT-PCR. EPPO Bulletin, 45(1), 14-21. doi:10.1111/epp.12195Barba, M., & James, D. (2017). Quarantine and Certification for Viroids and Viroid Diseases. Viroids and Satellites, 415-424. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00039-5Broadbent, L. (1976). Epidemiology and Control of Tomato Mosaic Virus. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 14(1), 75-96. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.14.090176.000451Candresse, T., Marais, A., Tassus, X., Suhard, P., Renaudin, I., Leguay, A., … Blancard, D. (2010). First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Tomato in France. Plant Disease, 94(5), 633-633. doi:10.1094/pdis-94-5-0633bCandresse, T., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Stancanelli, G., Hammond, R. W., & Winter, S. (2017). Other Pospiviroids Infecting Solanaceous Plants. Viroids and Satellites, 159-168. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00015-2Červená, G., Nečekalová, J., Mikulková, H., Levkaničová, Z., Mertelík, J., Kloudová, K., … Ptáček, J. (2011). VIROIDS ON PETUNIA AND OTHER SOLANACEOUS CROPS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Acta Horticulturae, (901), 35-40. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2011.901.3Constable F. &Moran J.(1996).PCR protocols for the detection of chrysanthemum stunt and potato spindle tuber viroids. Final Report for the Horticultural Research and Development Corporation Project number PT410. Victoria Australia: Department of Natural Resources and Environment.Daròs, J.-A. (2017). Eggplant Latent Viroid. Viroids and Satellites, 339-344. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00032-2Di Serio, F., Flores, R., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Li, S.-F., Pallás, V., Randles, J. W., … Owens, R. A. (2014). Current status of viroid taxonomy. Archives of Virology, 159(12), 3467-3478. doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2200-6FAGOAGA, C., & DURAN-VILA, N. (1996). Naturally occurring variants of citrus exocortis viroid in vegetable crops. Plant Pathology, 45(1), 45-53. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-104.xFlores, R., Hernández, C., Alba, A. E. M. de, Daròs, J.-A., & Serio, F. D. (2005). Viroids and Viroid-Host Interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43(1), 117-139. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140243Fox, A., Daly, M., Nixon, T., Brurberg, M. B., Blystad, D.-R., Harju, V., … Adams, I. P. (2013). First report ofTomato chlorotic dwarf viroid(TCDVd) in tomato in Norway and subsequent eradication. New Disease Reports, 27, 8. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.027.008Giguère, T., Raj Adkar-Purushothama, C., & Perreault, J.-P. (2014). Comprehensive Secondary Structure Elucidation of Four Genera of the Family Pospiviroidae. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e98655. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098655Giguère, T., & Perreault, J.-P. (2017). Classification of the Pospiviroidae based on their structural hallmarks. PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0182536. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182536Gruber, A. R., Lorenz, R., Bernhart, S. H., Neubock, R., & Hofacker, I. L. (2008). The Vienna RNA Websuite. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(Web Server), W70-W74. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn188Hadidi, A., Flores, R., Randles, J., & Semancik, J. (2003). Viroids. doi:10.1071/9780643069855Hailstones, D. L., Tesoriero, L. A., Terras, M. A., & Dephoff, C. (2003). Detection and eradication of Potato spindle tuber viroid in tomatoes in commercial production in New South Wales, Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 32(2), 317. doi:10.1071/ap03005Hammond, R. W. (2017). Economic Significance of Viroids in Vegetable and Field Crops. Viroids and Satellites, 5-13. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00001-2Hammond, R. W. (2017). Seed, Pollen, and Insect Transmission of Viroids. Viroids and Satellites, 521-530. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00048-6Hirakawa, H., Shirasawa, K., Miyatake, K., Nunome, T., Negoro, S., Ohyama, A., … Fukuoka, H. (2014). Draft Genome Sequence of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): the Representative Solanum Species Indigenous to the Old World. DNA Research, 21(6), 649-660. doi:10.1093/dnares/dsu027James, T., Mulholland, V., Jeffries, C., & Chard, J. (2008). First report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid infecting commercial petunia stocks in the United Kingdom. Plant Pathology, 57(2), 400-400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01727.xKeese, P., & Symons, R. H. (1985). Domains in viroids: evidence of intermolecular RNA rearrangements and their contribution to viroid evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 82(14), 4582-4586. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4582Kovalskaya, N., & Hammond, R. W. (2014). Molecular biology of viroid–host interactions and disease control strategies. Plant Science, 228, 48-60. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.006Kryczyński, S., Paduch-Cichal, E., & Skrzeczkowski, L. J. (1988). Transmission of Three Viroids Through Seed and Pollen of Tomato Plants. Journal of Phytopathology, 121(1), 51-57. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00952.xLi, R., Baysal-Gurel, F., Abdo, Z., Miller, S. A., & Ling, K.-S. (2015). Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production. Virology Journal, 12(1), 5. doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0237-5Ling, K.-S. (2017). Decontamination Measures to Prevent Mechanical Transmission of Viroids. Viroids and Satellites, 437-445. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00041-3Ling, K.-S., Verhoeven, J. T. J., Singh, R. P., & Brown, J. K. (2009). First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Greenhouse Tomatoes in Arizona. Plant Disease, 93(10), 1075-1075. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-10-1075bLing, K.-S., & Zhang, W. (2009). First Report of a Natural Infection by Mexican Papita Viroid and Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf Viroid on Greenhouse Tomatoes in Mexico. Plant Disease, 93(11), 1216-1216. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-11-1216aMackie, A. E., Coutts, B. A., Barbetti, M. J., Rodoni, B. C., McKirdy, S. J., & Jones, R. A. C. (2015). Potato spindle tuber viroid: Stability on Common Surfaces and Inactivation With Disinfectants. Plant Disease, 99(6), 770-775. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-14-0929-reMatsushita, Y., Kanda, A., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2008). First report of a Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid disease on tomato plants in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 74(2), 182-184. doi:10.1007/s10327-008-0076-6Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2014). Host ranges of Potato spindle tuber viroid, Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141(1), 193-197. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0518-2Matsushita, Y., & Tsuda, S. (2016). Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, tomato apical stunt viroid, and Columnea latent viroid in horticultural plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145(4), 1007-1011. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0868-zMatsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Host range and properties of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124(2), 349-352. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9416-9Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2011). Distribution of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in floral organs of tomato. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130(4), 441-447. doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9766-6Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Kozuka, R., Shimizu, S., & Tsuda, S. (2009). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by bumblebees (Bombus ignitus) in tomato plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 126(1), 111-115. doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9515-2Matsuura, S., Matsushita, Y., Usugi, T., & Tsuda, S. (2010). Disinfection of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by chemical and biological agents. Crop Protection, 29(10), 1157-1161. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.018Minoia, S., Navarro, B., Delgado, S., Serio, F. D., & Flores, R. (2015). Viroid RNA turnover: characterization of the subgenomic RNAs of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(4), 2313-2325. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv034Nie, X. (2012). Analysis of Sequence Polymorphism and Population Structure of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid in Viroid-Infected Tomato Plants. Viruses, 4(6), 940-953. doi:10.3390/v4060940Palukaitis, P. (1987). Potato spindle tuber viroid: Investigation of the long-distance, intra-plant transport route. Virology, 158(1), 239-241. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(87)90260-1PROHENS, J., SOLER, S., & NUEZ, F. (1999). The effects of thermotherapy and sodium hypochlorite treatments on pepino seed germination, a crucial step in breeding programmes. Annals of Applied Biology, 134(3), 299-305. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb05268.xShiraishi, T., Maejima, K., Komatsu, K., Hashimoto, M., Okano, Y., Kitazawa, Y., … Namba, S. (2013). First report of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid isolated from symptomless petunia plants (Petunia spp.) in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 79(3), 214-216. doi:10.1007/s10327-013-0444-8Sievers, F., Wilm, A., Dineen, D., Gibson, T. J., Karplus, K., Li, W., … Higgins, D. G. (2011). Fast, scalable generation of high‐quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Molecular Systems Biology, 7(1), 539. doi:10.1038/msb.2011.75Singh, R. P. (1992). Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in the Pollen and Various Parts of Potato Plant Pollinated with Viroid-Infected Pollen. Plant Disease, 76(9), 951. doi:10.1094/pd-76-0951Singh, R. P., Nie, X., & Singh, M. (1999). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid: an evolutionary link in the origin of pospiviroids The GenBank accession number of the sequence reported in this paper is AF162131. Journal of General Virology, 80(11), 2823-2828. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-11-2823Singh, R. P., & Dilworth, A. D. (2008). Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in the ornamental plant Vinca minor and its transmission through tomato seed. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 123(1), 111-116. doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9344-8Singh, R. P., Dilworth, A. D., Ao, X., Singh, M., & Misra, S. (2009). Molecular and biological characterization of a severe isolate of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid containing a novel terminal right (TR) domain sequence. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 127(1), 63-72. doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9571-7Škorić, D. (2017). Viroid Biology. Viroids and Satellites, 53-61. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00005-xVan Bogaert, N., Smagghe, G., Maes, M., De Backer, M., & De Jonghe, K. (2017). Phylogeny of five predominant pospiviroid species in Belgium. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 149(1), 25-33. doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1158-0Verhoeven, J. T. J., Jansen, C. C. C., Botermans, M., & Roenhorst, J. W. (2010). Epidemiological evidence that vegetatively propagated, solanaceous plant species act as sources ofPotato spindle tuber viroidinoculum for tomato. Plant Pathology, 59(1), 3-12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02173.xVerhoeven, J. T. J., Hammond, R. W., & Stancanelli, G. (2017). Economic Significance of Viroids in Ornamental Crops. Viroids and Satellites, 27-38. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00003-6Verhoeven, J. th. j., Jansen, C. C. C., Willemen, T. M., Kox, L. F. F., Owens, R. A., & Roenhorst, J. W. (2004). Natural infections of tomato by Citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110(8), 823-831. doi:10.1007/s10658-004-2493-5Võ, T. T., Dehne, H.-W., & Hamacher, J. (2018). Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by Myzus persicae assisted by Potato leafroll virus. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 125(3), 259-266. doi:10.1007/s41348-018-0151-yWassenegger, M., Spieker, R. L., Thalmeir, S., Gast, F.-U., Riedel, L., & Sänger, H. L. (1996). A Single Nucleotide Substitution Converts Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) from a Noninfectious to an Infectious RNA for Nicotiana tabacum. Virology, 226(2), 191-197. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0646Yanagisawa, H., & Matsushita, Y. (2018). Differences in dynamics of horizontal transmission of Tomato planta macho viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid after pollination with viroid-infected pollen. Virology, 516, 258-264. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.023Yanagisawa, H., Sano, T., Hase, S., & Matsushita, Y. (2019). Influence of the terminal left domain on horizontal and vertical transmissions of tomato planta macho viroid and potato spindle tuber viroid through pollen. Virology, 526, 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.02

Nutrición en cuidados paliativos: resumen de recomendaciones del Grupo de Trabajo de Ética de la SENPE

Los cuidados paliativos proporcionan una atención integral que tiene en cuenta los aspectos físicos, emocionales, sociales y espirituales del paciente con enfermedad terminal y su entorno familiar. El tratamiento nutricional debe formar parte activa de los equipos de cuidados paliativos. La necesidad de iniciar o no un tratamiento nutricional sigue siendo, desde hace décadas, uno de los principales problemas éticos a los que se enfrentan los profesionales dedicados a la nutrición clínica. El origen de tal controversia radica, fundamentalmente, en cómo se consideran la nutrición y la hidratación: cuidado/soporte o tratamiento médico. Los objetivos fundamentales del tratamiento nutricional en los pacientes en cuidados paliativos deben ser otros: la mejoría de la calidad de vida, de la supervivencia o de ambas. La decisión de indicar o no el tratamiento nutricional en cuidados paliativos debe tomarse tras considerar el pronóstico, la calidad de vida y la relación “riesgo/beneficio”. En relación a la alimentación por vía oral (con o sin suplementos orales), prevalece la idea de la “alimentación de confort”, que se basa en intentos de alimentación oral hasta que se produzcan la incomodidad y/o el rechazo del paciente. No existen evidencias que justifiquen el uso de nutrientes específicos, aunque desde hace años se señala la posibilidad de lograr beneficios cuando se utilizan ácidos grasos omega-3 en los pacientes con cáncer. En cuanto al tratamiento nutricional (enteral o parenteral), en ausencia de evidencia, las decisiones sobre si iniciar una nutrición artificial en un paciente paliativo deben tomarse teniendo en cuenta los deseos y creencias del paciente y sus familiares, y basarse en el consenso del equipo interdisciplinar sobre los objetivos que se persiguen al iniciarla

A home and ambulatory artificial nutrition (NADYA) group report, home parenteral nutrition in Spain, 2013

Aim: to communicate the results of the Spanish Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the year 2013. Material and methods: data was recorded online by NADYA group collaborators that were responsible of the HPN follow-up from 1st January to 31st December 2013. Results: a total of 197 patients and 202 episodes of HPN were registered from 35 hospitals that represents a rate of 4,22 patients/million habitants/year 2013. The median age was 53 years (IQR 40 – 64) for 189 adult patients and 7 months (IQR 6 – 35,5) for children. The most frequent disease in adults was neoplasm (30,7%) followed by other diseases (20,1%) and mesenteric ischemia (12,7%). Short bowel syndrome and intestinal obstruction (25,9%) were in 35.7% cases the indications for HPN

¿Es útil Google Sites en la enseñanza Universitaria del Área de Ciencias de la Salud?

La elaboración de una página Web dentro del ámbito de la educación permite el diseño de una Recurso Educativo Abierto que podría estar englobado dentro de la metodología Flipped learning o clase invertida. Por ello, un grupo de profesores de la Facultad de Medicina y profesiones del ámbito de la Medicina y Odontología han elaborado un entorno formativo on-line específico, mediante la herramienta Google Sites, en una materia de conocimiento, como Bioquímica y Genética Molecular durante el curso 2019/2020. Esta página web se ha empleado en distintas asignaturas y ha facilitado la adquisición de algunas competencias que son comunes en distintas titulaciones universitarias