Evaluación del efecto de las condiciones generadas por Biorreactores de inmersión temporal sobre enzimas y procesos clave del metabolismo del carbono en plantas in vitro de plátano cv. CEMSA ¾

The technique of Temporary Immersion constitutes an effective tool for the plant propagation; it increases the multiplication coefficient and the quality of the same ones. Little it is known until the moment about the echophysiology of this new cultivation technique where the plants are subjected to an immersion between liquid and the physiologic changes that take place during this stage will be those responsible for the plants quality. To evaluate the effects of these conditions in the physiologic change of plantain plants, a descriptive experiment was directed during the elongation phase. Enzymes related with the carbon metabolism were measure of the plant heterotrophic behaviour during the studied phase. High levels of acid invertase (AI) activities and pyruvato kinase (PK) accompanied by first floor levels of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), evidence these behaviours. The changes induced by the atmosphere and the indicative net photosynthesis and transpiration demonstrate the tendency from the plants to be a less autotrophy systems. The plants during the in vitro conditions don’t depend totally on the photosynthesis but rather they present photomixotrophic behaviour.Key words: acid invertase (AI), Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvato kinase (PK), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS)Los Biorreactores de Inmersión Temporal (BIT) constituyen una herramienta eficaz para la propagación de plantas in vitro, pues aumentan el coeficiente de multiplicación y la calidad de las mismas. Poco se conoce hasta el momento sobre la ecofisiología de esta novedosa técnica de cultivo, donde las plantas son sometidas a una inmersión en medio de cultivo líquido y los cambios fisiológicos que se producen durante esta etapa son los responsables de la calidad de las plantas. En el presente trabajo se desarrolló la evaluación del efecto de las condiciones generadas por los BIT en la fisiología y metabolismo del carbono de plantas in vitro de plátano. Enzimas relacionadas con el metabolismo del carbono fueron la medida del comportamiento heterotrófico de las plantas durante la fase de estudio. Altos niveles de actividades enzimáticas de las invertasas ácidas (IA) y piruvato quinasa (PQ) acompañados de bajos niveles de actividad sacarosa fosfato sintasa (SFS) y fosfoenol piruvato carboxilasa (FEPC), evidenciaron estos comportamientos. Los cambios inducidos por el ambiente sobre los indicadores de fotosíntesis neta y transpiración demostraron la tendencia de las plantas a utilizar en menor medida el metabolismo autotrófico. Las plantas durante las condiciones in vitro no dependieron totalmente de la fotosíntesis sino que presentaron un comportamiento fotomixotrófico.Palabras clave: Fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilasa (FEPC), invertasa ácida (IA), piruvato quinasa (PQ), Sacarosa fosfato sintasa (SFS

Casos de brucelosis canina presentados en la provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador

La brucelosis canina, ampliamente distribuida en el mundo y con reportes de seroprevalencia de entre 6 % a 35 %, es considerada un problema de salud pública. Esta infección es producida por cuatro de las trece especies del género Brucella: B. canis, B. abortus, B. melitensis y B. suis, dependiendo de la cepa circulante en el área geográfica de estudio. El contagio ocurre principalmente por ingestión, inhalación o contacto con fetos abortados, placenta, secreciones vaginales o semen y también por vía transmamaria y placentaria. La aparición de casos de brucelosis canina marcó el inicio de este estudio con el análisis de la enfermedad mediante identificación del agente causal en dos escenarios epidemiológicos diferentes. En el primer escenario (2008), se tomaron sueros de 151 caninos de 34 fincas de la provincia de Pichincha (Ecuador), que se analizaron para detección de anticuerpos contra cepas lisas mediante Rosa de Bengala, sero-aglutinación lenta en tubo (SAT-EDTA) y ELISA indirecto. En el segundo escenario (2017 a 2019) y utilizando el Rapid test kit (C. Bru Ab Test) para detección de anticuerpos contra cepas rugosas, se analizaron diez sueros de caninos provenientes de clínicas veterinarias de la provincia de Pichincha (Ecuador). Para ambos escenarios se realizó biotipificación y genotipificación.Trabajo publicado en Cagliada, Maria del Pilar Lilia y Galosi, Cecilia Mónica (comps.). I Congreso de Microbiología Veterinaria. Libro de resúmenes. La Plata: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2021.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Gestión de inventarios en la Empresa Municipal de Aseo de Cuenca EMAC

Ingeniero ComercialCuenc

Evaluation of the effect of the conditions generated by temporal immersion bioreactors on enzymes and key processes of the carbon metabolism in vitro plants of plantain cv. CEMSA ¾.

The technique of Temporary Immersion constitutes an effective tool for the plant propagation; it increases the multiplication coefficient and the quality of the same ones. Little it is known until the moment about the echophysiology of this new cultivation technique where the plants are subjected to an immersion between liquid and the physiologic changes that take place during this stage will be those responsible for the plants quality. To evaluate the effects of these conditions in the physiologic change of plantain plants, a descriptive experiment was directed during the elongation phase. Enzymes related with the carbon metabolism were measure of the plant heterotrophic behaviour during the studied phase. High levels of acid invertase (AI) activities and pyruvato kinase (PK) accompanied by first floor levels of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), evidence these behaviours. The changes induced by the atmosphere and the indicative net photosynthesis and transpiration demonstrate the tendency from the plants to be a less autotrophy systems. The plants during the in vitro conditions don’t depend totally on the photosynthesis but rather they present photomixotrophic behaviour. Key words: acid invertase (AI), Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvato kinase (PK), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS

Ein Konflikt – zwei Wahrheiten?

Im Fokus dieser Magisterarbeit stehen 480 Artikel der ukrainischen und russischen Online- und Printmedien, die in der Zeitperiode der Maidan-Bewegung geschrieben wurden. Theorie Als theoretischer Rahmen gelten die Theorien des Journalismus und Konflikt-Kommunikation. Konflikttheorie und Konflikttransformation, sowie die Unterschiede zwischen Propaganda und Journalismus werden genauer erläutert. Fragestellung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, die Rolle der Presse beim Umschwung der öffentlichen Meinung während der Zeit der Maidan-Bewegung zu untersuchen. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Frage, welche Unterschiede bzw. Gemeinsamkeiten sich in Bezug auf die Maidan-Bewegung in der Printberichterstattung der ukrainischen und russischen Medien finden lassen. Forschungsdesign Mittels quantitativer Inhaltsanalyse werden die drei ukrainischen und fünf russischen Medien im Hinblick auf die Berichterstattung während der ukrainischen Revolution verglichen. Als Material dienen 480 Artikel, die von 20. November 2013 bis 28. Februar 2014 veröffentlicht wurden. Ergebnisse Die Berichterstattung der ukrainischen Medien ist von Interviews und Kommentaren und jene der russischen Medien durch Berichte und Reportagen geprägt. Die ukrainischen Medien haben im Hinblick auf Politikfelder und Kommunikationsthemen vielfältiger berichtet. Die Berichterstattung der ukrainischen Medien ist stärker emotionalisiert, wobei die Emotion „Gefahr“ in den russischen Medien seriöser thematisiert wird. Die Berichterstattung der ukrainischen Medien wies eine freundliche Tendenz gegenüber der Maidan-Bewegung auf und war gegenüber der Janukowitsch Regierung, der Post-Maidan-Bewegung und der russischen Regierung kritischer als die russischen Medien. Die russischen Medien waren kritisch in Bezug auf die Janukowitsch Regierung und ambivalent in Bezug auf die Maidan-Bewegung. Die ukrainische Berichterstattung zeichnet sich durch Patriotismus aus. Die patriotischen Gefühle sind am stärksten geprägt durch Solidarität mit den Protestierenden auf dem Maidan und durch Verbundenheit mit der Ukraine. In der russischen Berichterstattung überwiegen nationalistische Identitätsangebote. Er wird oft durch Superiorität der russischen Nation, sowie die Bereitschaft, die russische Bevölkerung in der Ukraine zu befreien und die Krim Halbinsel zurückzugewinnen, geprägt. Die Qualität der Konfliktperspektive zeigt sich in höherem Ausmaß in den russischen Medien. Die journalistische Diskursqualität ist in den ukrainischen Medien stärker ausgeprägt. Im Hinblick auf Zweifelbekundung waren die ukrainischen JournalistInnen selbstkritisch, und haben die Wahrheit und Wahrhaftigkeit der Positionsbekundung in Frage gestellt. Die russischen JournalistInnen waren im Gegensatz dazu selbstbewusst.The focus of this thesis is given to 480 articles of the Ukrainian and Russian online and printed media, which were written during the period of the Maidan movement. Theory Theoretical framework includes theories of journalism and conflict communication. The conflict theory and conflict transformation, as well as the differences between propaganda and journalism, are discussed in this thesis. Questions The aim of this thesis is to examine the role of the press in the transformation of public opinion during the period of the Maidan movement. The work is to show which differences and similarities can be found with regard to the Maidan movement in the coverage of the Ukrainian and Russian media. Research Design By means of quantitative content analysis, three Ukrainian and five Russian media are compared in terms of reporting during the Ukrainian revolution. The used materials include 480 articles published from 20 November 2013 to 28 February 2014. Results Coverage of the Ukrainian media is characterized with interviews and commentaries and in the meantime the Russian media is characterized with reports and news bulletins. The Ukrainian media has been more diverse in terms of policy areas and communication issues. The coverage of the Ukrainian media is more emotionalized. The emotion "danger" is more common in the Russian media. The coverage of the Ukrainian media showed a friendly tendency against the Maidan movement and more critical than the Russian media versus the Yanukovych government, the post-Maidan movement and the Russian government. The Russian media were critical in terms of Yanukovych's government and ambivalent in terms of Maidan movement. Ukrainian reporting shows itself with patriotism. Patriotic feelings are most strongly characterized by solidarity with the protesters on Maidan and their attachment to Ukraine. Russian reporting is predominated with the nationalist identity issues. It is often characterized by the superiority of the Russian nation, as well as the willingness to free the Russian population in Ukraine and return the Crimean Peninsula. The quality of the conflict perspective is shown to a greater extent in the Russian media. Journalistic discourse quality is higher in the Ukrainian media. Ukrainian journalists were self-critical and questioned the truth and truthfulness of the position, and the Russian journalists, in contrast, were self-assuredness

Proceso de Enfermería a Paciente Etnica con Cáncer Cervicouterino

Health and care are universal, but the ways of implementing them and how we conceive health are defined differently according to culture. Mexico is identified and known as being multiethnic and multicultural country which makes necessary to implement models of health care attention consistent to this society; immerse in this context the state of Nayarit is known for its diversity in ethnic groups that require care from humanistic nursing open to diversity and focused on welfare. To understand the role of the nursing professional under the transcultural dimension, is important to have as reference the fact that if we want to promote quality nursing care, the professional must have knowledge, sensitivity and disposition to collaborate. Objective: Elaborate a nursing process integrating the NANDA, NOC, NIC Taxonomy, applying it to an ethnic Huichol patient, taking as reference the theoretical model of Madeleine Leininger 'the Theory of diversity and the universality of culture care'; with the purpose to analyze the consistency of care with the needs and life styles of a hospitalized patient in the gynecology and obstetrics service in the Civil Hospital of Health Care in Nayarit.La salud y los cuidados son universales, pero las formas de llevarlos a cabo y de concebir la salud se definen de manera diferente según la cultura. México se reconoce y se identifica por ser un país multiétnico y pluricultural lo que hace necesario implementar modelos de atención para la salud acordes a esta sociedad; inmerso en este contexto se encuentra el Estado de Nayarit el que se caracteriza por tener diversos grupos étnicos que requieren un cuidado de enfermería humanístico abierto a la diversidad y centrado en el bienestar Para que se pueda entender el papel del profesional de enfermería bajo la dimensión transcultural, es importante tener como referencia que para propiciar cuidados de enfermería de calidad, el profesional debe poseer conocimiento, sensibilidad y disposición para colaborar en ello. Objetivo: Elaborar un proceso de enfermería integrando la Taxonomía NANDA, NOC, NIC, a paciente de etnia huichol tomando como referencia el modelo teórico de Madeleine Leininger la Teoría de la diversidad y de la universalidad de los cuidados culturales. Con la finalidad de analizar la coherencia de los cuidados con las necesidades y estilos de vida de una paciente hospitalizada en el servicio de ginecología y obstetricia del Hospital Civil de los Servicios de Salud en Nayarit

The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016

Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009–2016. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses. Results: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR = 14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR = 9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December–January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38–2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57–0.98). Conclusions: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV. Keywords: Respiratory viral infections, Epidemiology, Age distribution, Case-fatality ratio, Ecuado

Virological evidence of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 in a resource-limited setting <subtitle>COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, Ecuador</subtitle>

Abstract:Ecuador had substantial COVID-19-mortality during 2020 despite early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Resource-limited settings like Ecuador have high proportions of informal labour which entail high human mobility, questioning efficacy of NPIs. We performed a retrospective observational study in Ecuador’s national reference laboratory for viral respiratory infections during March 2020-February 2021 using stored respiratory specimens from 1,950 patients, corresponding to 2.3% of all samples analysed within the Ecuadorian national surveillance system per week. During 2020, detection of SARS-CoV-2 (Pearson correlation; r = -0.74; p = 0.01) and other respiratory viruses (Pearson correlation; r = -0.68; p = 0.02) by real-time RT-PCR correlated negatively with NPIs stringency. Among respiratory viruses, adenoviruses (Fisher’s exact-test; p = 0.026), parainfluenzaviruses (p = 0.04), enteroviruses (p < 0.0001) and metapneumoviruses (p < 0.0001) occurred significantly more frequently during months of absent or non-stringent NPIs (characterized by <55% stringency according to the Oxford stringency index data for Ecuador). Phylogenomic analyses of 632 newly characterized SARS-CoV-2 genomes revealed 100 near-parallel SARS-CoV-2 introductions during early 2020 in the absence of NPIs. NPI stringency correlated negatively with the number of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020 (r = -0.69; p = 0.02). Phylogeographic reconstructions showed differential SARS-CoV-2 dispersion patterns during 2020, with more short-distance transitions potentially associated with recreational activity during non-stringent NPIs. There were also fewer geographic transitions during strict NPIs (n = 450) than during non-stringent or absent NPIs (n = 580). Virological evidence supports that NPIs had an effect on virus spread and distribution in Ecuador, providing a template for future epidemics in resource-limited settings and contributing to a balanced assessment of societal costs entailed by strict NPIs