Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens - An unusual case report of bacteremic pneumonia after lung transplantation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lung transplant recipients have an increased risk for actinomycetales infection secondary to immunosuppressive regimen.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A case of pulmonary infection with bacteremia due to <it>Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens </it>in a 54-year old man who underwent a double lung transplantation four years previously is presented.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identification by conventional biochemical assays was unsuccessful and <it>hsp </it>gene sequencing was used to identify <it>Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens</it>.</p

MLVA Subtyping of Genovar E Chlamydia trachomatis Individualizes the Swedish Variant and Anorectal Isolates from Men who Have Sex with Men

This study describes a new multilocus variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) typing system for the discrimination of Chlamydia trachomatis genovar D to K isolates or specimens. We focused our MLVA scheme on genovar E which predominates in most populations worldwide. This system does not require culture and therefore can be performed directly on DNA extracted from positive clinical specimens. Our method was based on GeneScan analysis of five VNTR loci labelled with fluorescent dyes by multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis. This MLVA, called MLVA-5, was applied to a collection of 220 genovar E and 94 non-E genovar C. trachomatis isolates and specimens obtained from 251 patients and resulted in 38 MLVA-5 types. The genetic stability of the MLVA-5 scheme was assessed for results obtained both in vitro by serial passage culturing and in vivo using concomitant and sequential isolates and specimens. All anorectal genovar E isolates from men who have sex with men exhibited the same MLVA-5 type, suggesting clonal spread. In the same way, we confirmed the clonal origin of the Swedish new variant of C. trachomatis. The MLVA-5 assay was compared to three other molecular typing methods, ompA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and a previous MLVA method called MLVA-3, on 43 genovar E isolates. The discriminatory index was 0.913 for MLVA-5, 0.860 for MLST and 0.622 for MLVA-3. Among all of these genotyping methods, MLVA-5 displayed the highest discriminatory power and does not require a time-consuming sequencing step. The results indicate that MLVA-5 enables high-resolution molecular epidemiological characterisation of C. trachomatis genovars D to K infections directly from specimens

Development of new molecular methods for typing and study of antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis est une bactérie à développement intracellulaire obligatoire, divisée en 19 sérovars parmi lesquels les sérovars D-K sont responsables d’infections oculo-génitales et les sérovars L de la lymphogranulomatose vénérienne (LGV). En France, C. trachomatis est le principal agent bactérien responsable d’infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST). Les méthodes moléculaires occupent une place de choix dans le dépistage et l’épidémiologie des infections à C. trachomatis. Grâce à leur utilisation à partir de prélèvements non invasifs, nous disposons de chiffres de prévalence qui s’élèvent à 1,5% dans la population générale, 3,6% chez les femmes âgées de 18 à 24 ans sexuellement actives et 10 à 15% dans les centres à vocation de dépistage des IST. N’ayant aucune donnée chez la femme enceinte, le programme hospitalier de recherche clinique (MATIST) que nous avons mis en place chez les femmes enceintes suivies au CHU de Bordeaux a montré une prévalence de l’infection à C. trachomatis de 2,5%, à M. genitalium de 0,8% et à N. gonorrhoeae de 0%. Chez les femmes de moins de 24 ans, la prévalence était respectivement de 7,9% et 2,4%. La compréhension de l’épidémiologie et de la dissémination des infections à C. trachomatis nécessite la mise au point de techniques de typage performantes d’autant qu’un seul sérovar, le sérovar E, est rencontré dans près de la moitié des cas. Nous avons développé une méthode de typage moléculaire, la MLVA (MultiLocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis), qui analyse le polymorphisme associé aux répétitions en tandem et permet un typage intra-sérovar. Cinq VNTRs ont été identifiés. La méthode a été automatisée puis appliquée à 220 souches et échantillons cliniques de C. trachomatis de génovar E, permettant d’identifier 25 types MLVA. Les souches d’origine ano-rectale isolées de patients homosexuels et les souches suédoises appartenant au nouveau variant ont été individualisées au sein de deux types MLVA uniques et distincts, suggérant une origine clonale. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont montré que la MLVA est un outil de typage moléculaire performant, plus discriminant que les autres méthodes auxquelles nous l’avons comparée. De plus, dans le cadre de la surveillance épidémiologique de la LGV ano-rectale due au variant L2b qui sévit en Europe depuis 2003 presque exclusivement chez les homosexuels, nous avons identifié le premier cas de LGV ano-rectale chez une femme. Enfin, nous avons développé une technique de PCR en temps réel permettant une détermination objective de la concentration minimale inhibitrice d’un antibiotique donné vis-vis de C. trachomatis. Cette technique a également montré que les antibiotiques étudiés n’avaient qu’une activité bactériostatique sur C. trachomatis.Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, divided into 19 serovars, among which serovars D-K are responsible for oculo-genital infections and serovars L of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). In France, C. trachomatis is the main bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STI). Molecular methods are the methods of choice for the C. trachomatis detection and epidemiology. Through their use, it has been shown that the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection rise up to 1.5% in the general population, to 3.6% for sexually experienced women aged 18-24 and to 10-15% in STI medical settings. As no data were available for pregnant women, we conducted a clinical research study (MATIST) in pregnant women at the Bordeaux University hospital. The prevalence of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and N. gonorrhoeae infections was 2.5%, 0.8% and 0%, respectively. In women under 24 years, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, and M. genitalium infections was 7.9% and 2.4%, respectively. Understanding the epidemiology and the spread of C. trachomatis infection requires the development of efficient typing techniques knowing that a single serovar, serovar E, is found in nearly half the cases. We developed a MLVA (MultiLocus Variable-Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis) method which analyzes the genome polymorphism associated to tandem repeats and allowed intra-serovar subtyping. Five VNTRs were identified. The automated method was applied on 220 C. trachomatis genovar E clinical specimens and isolates, yielding 25 MLVA types. All anorectal isolates from men who have sex with men exhibited the same MLVA type, suggesting clonal spread. In the same way, we confirmed the clonal origin of the Swedish new variant of C. trachomatis. MLVA appears to be a good tool for molecular typing, with a higher discriminatory power than those of other methods used for comparison. Since 2003, a LGV proctitis outbreak caused by the new variant L2b has been reported in Europe in men who have had sex with HIV-positive men. We reported the first case of C. trachomatis L2b proctitis diagnosed in a woman. Finally, we developed a real-time PCR method allowing an objective determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for C. trachomatis. Our results also showed that all antibiotics studied only had bacteriostatic activity on C. trachomatis

Development of new molecular methods for typing and study of antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis est une bactérie à développement intracellulaire obligatoire, divisée en 19 sérovars parmi lesquels les sérovars D-K sont responsables d’infections oculo-génitales et les sérovars L de la lymphogranulomatose vénérienne (LGV). En France, C. trachomatis est le principal agent bactérien responsable d’infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST). Les méthodes moléculaires occupent une place de choix dans le dépistage et l’épidémiologie des infections à C. trachomatis. Grâce à leur utilisation à partir de prélèvements non invasifs, nous disposons de chiffres de prévalence qui s’élèvent à 1,5% dans la population générale, 3,6% chez les femmes âgées de 18 à 24 ans sexuellement actives et 10 à 15% dans les centres à vocation de dépistage des IST. N’ayant aucune donnée chez la femme enceinte, le programme hospitalier de recherche clinique (MATIST) que nous avons mis en place chez les femmes enceintes suivies au CHU de Bordeaux a montré une prévalence de l’infection à C. trachomatis de 2,5%, à M. genitalium de 0,8% et à N. gonorrhoeae de 0%. Chez les femmes de moins de 24 ans, la prévalence était respectivement de 7,9% et 2,4%. La compréhension de l’épidémiologie et de la dissémination des infections à C. trachomatis nécessite la mise au point de techniques de typage performantes d’autant qu’un seul sérovar, le sérovar E, est rencontré dans près de la moitié des cas. Nous avons développé une méthode de typage moléculaire, la MLVA (MultiLocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis), qui analyse le polymorphisme associé aux répétitions en tandem et permet un typage intra-sérovar. Cinq VNTRs ont été identifiés. La méthode a été automatisée puis appliquée à 220 souches et échantillons cliniques de C. trachomatis de génovar E, permettant d’identifier 25 types MLVA. Les souches d’origine ano-rectale isolées de patients homosexuels et les souches suédoises appartenant au nouveau variant ont été individualisées au sein de deux types MLVA uniques et distincts, suggérant une origine clonale. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont montré que la MLVA est un outil de typage moléculaire performant, plus discriminant que les autres méthodes auxquelles nous l’avons comparée. De plus, dans le cadre de la surveillance épidémiologique de la LGV ano-rectale due au variant L2b qui sévit en Europe depuis 2003 presque exclusivement chez les homosexuels, nous avons identifié le premier cas de LGV ano-rectale chez une femme. Enfin, nous avons développé une technique de PCR en temps réel permettant une détermination objective de la concentration minimale inhibitrice d’un antibiotique donné vis-vis de C. trachomatis. Cette technique a également montré que les antibiotiques étudiés n’avaient qu’une activité bactériostatique sur C. trachomatis.Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, divided into 19 serovars, among which serovars D-K are responsible for oculo-genital infections and serovars L of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). In France, C. trachomatis is the main bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STI). Molecular methods are the methods of choice for the C. trachomatis detection and epidemiology. Through their use, it has been shown that the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection rise up to 1.5% in the general population, to 3.6% for sexually experienced women aged 18-24 and to 10-15% in STI medical settings. As no data were available for pregnant women, we conducted a clinical research study (MATIST) in pregnant women at the Bordeaux University hospital. The prevalence of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and N. gonorrhoeae infections was 2.5%, 0.8% and 0%, respectively. In women under 24 years, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, and M. genitalium infections was 7.9% and 2.4%, respectively. Understanding the epidemiology and the spread of C. trachomatis infection requires the development of efficient typing techniques knowing that a single serovar, serovar E, is found in nearly half the cases. We developed a MLVA (MultiLocus Variable-Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis) method which analyzes the genome polymorphism associated to tandem repeats and allowed intra-serovar subtyping. Five VNTRs were identified. The automated method was applied on 220 C. trachomatis genovar E clinical specimens and isolates, yielding 25 MLVA types. All anorectal isolates from men who have sex with men exhibited the same MLVA type, suggesting clonal spread. In the same way, we confirmed the clonal origin of the Swedish new variant of C. trachomatis. MLVA appears to be a good tool for molecular typing, with a higher discriminatory power than those of other methods used for comparison. Since 2003, a LGV proctitis outbreak caused by the new variant L2b has been reported in Europe in men who have had sex with HIV-positive men. We reported the first case of C. trachomatis L2b proctitis diagnosed in a woman. Finally, we developed a real-time PCR method allowing an objective determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for C. trachomatis. Our results also showed that all antibiotics studied only had bacteriostatic activity on C. trachomatis

Direct detection of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium isolates from clinical specimens from France by use of real-time PCR and melting curve analysis

International audienceMycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted organism commonly treated with azithromycin. However, macrolide resistance has been reported and is associated with point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. To evaluate the prevalence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium isolates from clinical specimens from France, we first used a previously reported high-resolution melting assay. Because susceptible and resistant M. genitalium isolates were hardly discriminated in M. genitalium-positive clinical specimens, we developed a new molecular assay for the rapid detection of macrolide resistance. An assay using real-time PCR based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) coupled with melting curve analysis was designed. The assay was first validated on characterized macrolide-resistant M. genitalium isolates and then applied to 202 urogenital M. genitalium-positive specimens collected from 178 patients from France in 2011 and 2012. Resistant genotypes were confirmed by 23S rRNA gene sequencing. Among the 202 M. genitalium-positive specimens, 155 were amplified, demonstrating a sensitivity of 76.7%. A substitution in the 23S rRNA gene was found in 14.2% of the patient samples. Nine and six patients had M. genitalium isolates with a substitution at positions 2059 and 2058, respectively. In four cases, a mixed population of wild-type and mutated M. genitalium isolates was observed. The prevalence of M. genitalium macrolide resistance has been stable in France since its detection in 2006. Our FRET PCR assay is able to discriminate between wild-type and resistant genotypes directly from clinical specimens. This assay will allow clinicians to shorten the time to the initiation of effective disease treatment

Caracteristiques des adhesines hbha et lbp exprimees chez mycobacterium intracellulare

Caracteristiques des adhesines hbha et lbp exprimees chez [i]mycobacterium intracellulare[/i]. 14. Journées de Mycobactériologie de Langue Français

Feature of adhesins expressed in <em>Mycobacterium intracellulare</em>

International audienceThe Mycobacterium avium MAC complex includes two closely related species Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (Mi). These non-tuberculous mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens in humans and responsible of severe diseases in a wide variety of animals. These bacteria are also isolated from various environmental sources. In humans Mi is the second cause of illness after the strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The genomic data available for the reference strain ATCC 13950 have enabled the development of genotyping but few studies concern identification of factors involved in the pathogenicity of this mycobacteria. The objective of this study was to identify, isolate and characterize the adhesins belonging to the family of HBHA and LBP from the reference strain and from a panel of clinical isolates from patients with different pathologies associated with Mi infection. Based on the genomic sequence of Mi we investigated whether the genes of HBHA and LBP were present and conserved between the different strains of the panel. The expression of adhesin HBHA and LBP in Mi was investigated by Western blot from lysates of human isolates Mi. An approach using affinity chromatography on heparin Sepharose was used to isolate and purify native adhesins from Mi. Our results allow for the first time the characterization of the expression of adhesins HBHA and LBP in Mi. This preliminary work opens numerous perspectives on the role of these molecules in human pathologies but also in diagnostic approaches of NTM infections in human

Spread of clonal genovar E Chlamydia trachomatis among men who have sex with men

In a previous study, we developed a Multi-Locus VNTRs Analysis (MLVA) typing system, called MLVA-5, for the discrimination of Chlamydia trachomatis genovar E strain. The results suggested the clonal spread of a MLVA-5 type 21 strain among men who have sex with men (MSM). We applied the MLVA-5 typing method on 157 French anorectal genovar E specimens and 19 Swedish specimens collected between 2010 and 2015. A total of 29 MLVA-5 types was obtained, with three predominant types among French samples: 78 specimens belonged to MLVA-5 type 21, two other types, 11 and 13, included 9 and 14 specimens, respectively. In 15 cases, one unique MLVA-5 type was observed for a single patient, 7 of which were new types not previously described. The distribution of MLVA-5 types according to sexual orientation showed that the 7 anorectal specimens from heterosexual patients belonged to 6 genotypes, and the 12 anorectal specimens from bisexual patients comprised eight types. The 95 anorectal specimens from MSM were distributed into 22 types, but 55 (57.9%) of them belonged to MLVA-5 type 21. Among the Swedish specimens from MSM, eight were from MLVA-type 21 (4 urines and 4 anorectal specimens). The results support the hypothesis of the spread of clonal genovar E strain among MSM