Sea-Ice remote sensing with GNSS reflections

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The ROHP-PAZ Polarimetric Radio Occultation research dataset and its applications

Trabajo presentado al 7th International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate y al 9th Workshop of the International Radio Occultation Working Group (OPAC-IROWG), celebrados del 8 al 14 de septiembre de 2022 en Leibnitz, Austria.After more than 4 years on orbit, the Radio Occultations and Heavy Precipitation aboard PAZ satellite (ROHP-PAZ) experiment has already demonstrated the ability of polarimetric radio occultations (PRO) to detect precipitation. In fact, PRO have shown potential not only in rain detection, but also in precipitation characterization and in sensing the associated vertical cloud structures. PAZ PRO Δϕ observable profiles were made available in 2020 trough the ICE servers (https://paz.ice.csic.es), (https://genesis.jpl.nasa.gov). and more recently through the JPL A new re-processing of the PRO observations is being carried out with the aim to make it public during the second half of 2022. In addition to a better treatment of the rainy observations, the new re-processed profiles will come with an extensive collocation dataset that will allow the users to address scientific studies much more easily. These will take into account the limb-sounding geometry of the observations, performing the collocations directly into the RO rays obtained through a ray-tracer. These collocations include observations like the 30-minute geostationary 10.8 µm brightness temperature, GPM IMERG surface precipitation, microwave brightness temperatures from the numerous overpasses by the satellites in the GPM constellation, radar reflectivities from the GPM core satellite and the NEXRAD ground based weather radars, among others. Furthermore, the collocation algorithms are designed so that more external observations can be easily included. In addition to the exact collocations as described above, external databases are also checked so that coincidences with Tropical Cyclones, Mesoscale Convective Systems and other relevant precipitating systems are identified nearby PAZ observations. In this presentation, we will show a brief overview of the re-processing of the ROHP-PAZ data, with emphasis in the differences between the Δϕ profiles obtained from UCAR’s CDAAC excess phases and from those obtained from JPL excess phases. After that, examples of the coincident datasets will be presented. Results will include statistics gathered from the differentiation of different precipitation regimes (e.g. stratiform vs convective), identification and validation of cloud top height determination, and comparison with other relevant parameters obtained from the collocated observations.The ROHP-PAZ project is part of the Grant RTI2018-099008-B-C22 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” of the “European Union”. Part of the investigations are done under the EUMETSAT ROM SAF CDOP4. This work was partially supported by the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. Part of this research has received funding from the postdoctoral fellowships program Beatriu de Pinós, funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 program of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801370.Peer reviewe

Polymorphisms in MDM2 and TP53 genes and risk of developing therapy-related myeloid neoplasms

One of the most severe complications after successful cancer therapy is the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). Constitutional genetic variation is likely to impact on t-MN risk. We aimed to evaluate if polymorphisms in the p53 pathway can be useful for predicting t-MN susceptibility. First, an association study revealed that the Pro variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and the G allele of the MDM2 SNP309 were associated with t-MN risk. The Arg variant of TP53 is more efficient at inducing apoptosis, whereas the Pro variant is a more potent inductor of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. As regards MDM2 SNP309, the G allele is associated with attenuation of the p53 apoptotic response. Second, to evaluate the biological effect of the TP53 polymorphism, we established Jurkat isogenic cell lines expressing p53Arg or p53Pro. Jurkat p53Arg cells presented higher DNA damage and higher apoptotic potential than p53Pro cells, after treatment with chemotherapy agents. Only p53Pro cells presented t(15;17) translocation and del(5q). We suggest that failure to repair DNA lesions in p53Arg cells would lead them to apoptosis, whereas some p53Pro cells, prone to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, could undergo misrepair, generating chromosomal abnormalities typical of t-MN

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Tropospheric Information Content Embedded in GNSS RO Reflected Signals

5 páginas. International Beacon Satellite Symposium (2010 : Barcelona, Espanya)This work presents the studies being conducted on the retrieval of tropospheric information from GNSS Radio-Occultation signals reflected off of the Earth’s surface.Peer reviewe

El flujo de iones de hidrógeno por la raíz de soya y su relación con el rendimiento

Significant differences in hydrogen ion (H+) efflux from soybean roots among soybean cultivars were found ranging from 0.5 to 2.4 pH units in 24 h. The hydrogen ion efflux was positively correlated with the cultivar's seed yield in three different soil series. On highly leached, low cation exchange capacity (CEC) Oxisol (less than 10 cmol/kg), the cultivars with high H+ efflux capacity yielded highest and accumulated the highest amount of nutrients at flowering. All macronutrients, except for Ca and Mg, decreased at the beginning of the seed stage. Hydrogen ion efflux was positively correlated to leaf K and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. The K/(Ca + Mg) ratio was positively correlated to biomass and yields, thus suggesting nutrient accumulation up to seed production. Results from the medium CEC Ultisol (10 to 20 cmol/kg) were similar to those from the low CEC soil. On the high CEC Vertisol (above 35 cmol/kg), the cultivars with high H+ efflux depleted the rhizosphere soil zone for K faster than those with low H+ efflux, giving positive correlations for seed and biomass yields but negative correlations with leaf K and the K/ (Ca + Mg) ratio.Se evaluó el potencial para emanar iones de hidrógeno (H+) por la raíz de seis cultivares de habichuela soya, Glycine max (L.) Merr.  Se establecieron experimentos en dos zonas geográficas con marcadas diferencias en suelo y clima. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el flujo de H+ por las raíces entre las cultivares de habichuela soya que fluctuaron desde 0.5 hasta 2.4 unidades de pH en 24 horas. La correlación entre el flujo de H+ y el rendimiento fue positiva para los tres suelos seleccionados. El flujo de H+ se correlacionó positivamente con el contenido foliar de potasio y la proporción K/(Ca + Mg). La correlación entre biomasa y rendimiento con la proporción de K/(Ca + Mg) fue positiva, indicando una acumulación de nutrimentos hasta la producción. Los resultados obtenidos en el suelo Ultisol, con capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) mediana (10 a 20 cmol/kg) fueron similares a los obtenidos en el suelo con una CIC baja. En un suelo Vertisol, con CIC alta (mayor de 35 cmol/kg), las cultivares con alto flujo de H+ agotaron el potasio de la rizosfera del suelo más rápidamente que aquellos cultivares con flujo de H+ bajo, presentando una correlación positiva para rendimiento de semilla y biomasa pero negativa para el contenido foliar de potasio y la proporción K/(Ca + Mg)

Exploration of Multi-Mission Spaceborne GNSS-R Raw IF Data Sets: Processing, Data Products and Potential Applications

Earth reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals can be received by dedicated orbital receivers for remote sensing and Earth observation (EO) purposes. Different spaceborne missions have been launched during the past years, most of which can only provide the delay-Doppler map (DDM) of the power of the reflected GNSS signals as their main data products. In addition to the power DDM products, some of these missions have collected a large amount of raw intermediate frequency (IF) data, which are the bit streams of raw signal samples recorded after the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and prior to any onboard digital processing. The unprocessed nature of these raw IF data provides an unique opportunity to explore the potential of GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique for advanced geophysical applications and future spaceborne missions. To facilitate such explorations, the raw IF data sets from different missions have been processed by Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC, IEEC), and the corresponding data products, i.e., the complex waveform of the reflected signal, have been generated and released through our public open-data server. These complex waveform data products provide the measurements from different GNSS constellations (e.g., GPS, Galileo and BeiDou), and include both the amplitude and carrier phase information of the reflected GNSS signal at higher sampling rate (e.g., 1000 Hz). To demonstrate these advanced features of the data products, different applications, e.g., inland water detection and surface altimetry, are introduced in this paper. By making these complex waveform data products publicly available, new EO capability of the GNSS-R technique can be further explored by the community. Such early explorations are also relevant to ESA¿s next GNSS-R mission, HydroGNSS, which will provide similar complex observations operationally and continuously in the future.This work of Weiqiang Li was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the Ramón y Cajal Program (No. RYC2019-027000-I). This research was partially funded by Spanish National Research Council (20215AT007) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant number RTI2018-099008-B-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, EU. This work was also supported by the Spanish program “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” (CEX2020-001058-M). The processing of the CYGNSS raw IF data was performed in the frame of the NASA CYGNSS Extended Science Team. The processing of the TDS-1 raw IF data was funded through the ESA Scout-2 HydroGNSS consolidation study (4000129140/19/NL/CT, Subcontract to IEEC MS000397). The processing of the BF-1 raw IF data was supported through the ESA-MOST China Dragon 5 Program (ID. 58070) project

Monitoring sea ice and dry snow with GNSS reflections

© 2010 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Fabra , F., Cardellach, E., Nogués, O., Oliveras, S., Ribó, S., Rius, A., Belmonte, M., Semmling, M., Macelloni, G., Pettinato, S., Zasso, R., D Addio, S., Monitoring sea ice and dry snow with GNSS reflections, Proceedings of IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IEEE IGARSS), and july/2010. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of CSIC products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.GPS reflected signals have become a source of opportunity for remote sensing of the Earth's suface. In this work, we present several capabilities of this technique in two different polar environments: Greenland and Antarctica. The first part is dedicated to the retrieval of sea-ice properties, giving emphasis to the study of the coherent phase for altimetric and roughness estimations, and polarimetric measurements for the determination of the ice salinity variation. The results show good agreement with a tide model and daily ice charts. On the second part, some preliminary results and analysis strategies to retrieve dry snow signatures are presented.Peer reviewe