La invención del desarrollo. Una mirada crítica al desarrollo en África

XXI Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials (Any 2016)Ante el fracaso de los dinamismos desarrollistas en el continente africano y en un contexto de pensamiento poscolonial y subalternidad de la razón, que se ha constituido sobre la base de la negación antropológica de la identidad, se analiza en este trabajo de modo especial la crítica política del filósofo camerunés Achille Mbembe. Se toman en consideración las vertientes política y religiosa, en cuyas modulaciones se explica en parte el problema del desarrollo y, lejos de someter el discurso al fatalismo se abre la posibilidad hermenéutica de la autocomprensión africana como una creación que emerge sobre todo impulsada por la presencia de la resistencia, una clave sin la cual la interpretación poscolonial que sigue reaccionando al racismo no consigue formularse. El recurso a hermeneutas contemporáneos permite así un esbozo de los contornos del desarrollo africano, desde la realidad del cuerpo, desde la libertad como empoderamiento y desde el paradigma afropolita, la nueva comprensión que Achille Mbembe ha formulado para todas las declinaciones africanas, allí donde estas acontecen más allá del continente. Se trata de un paradigma del encuentro, la ética y la superación de lo impensado de la raza que sigue condicionando la calidad y la misma vigencia de las democracias actuales

Proxy surrogate reconstructions for Europe and the estimation of their uncertainties

Combining proxy information and climate model simulations reconciles these sources of information about past climates. This, in turn, strengthens our understanding of past climatic changes. The analogue or proxy surrogate reconstruction method is a computationally cheap data assimilation approach, which searches in a pool of simulated climate states the best fit to proxy data. We use the approach to reconstruct European summer mean temperature from the 13th century until present using the Euro 2k set of proxy records and a pool of global climate simulation output fields. Our focus is on quantifying the uncertainty of the reconstruction, because previous applications of the analogue method rarely provided uncertainty ranges. We show several ways of estimating reconstruction uncertainty for the analogue method, which take into account the non-climate part of the variability in each proxy record. In general, our reconstruction agrees well at multi-decadal timescales with the Euro 2k reconstruction, which was conducted with two different statistical methods and no information from model simulations. In both methodological approaches, the decades around the year 1600 CE were the coldest. However, the approaches disagree on the warmest pre-industrial periods. The reconstructions from the analogue method also represent the local variations of the observed proxies. The diverse uncertainty estimates obtained from our analogue approaches can be locally larger or smaller than the estimates from the Euro 2k effort. Local uncertainties of the temperature reconstructions tend to be large in areas that are poorly covered by the proxy records. Uncertainties highlight the ambiguity of field-based reconstructions constrained by a limited set of proxies

Three-dimensional finite element modelling of stack pollutant emissions

In this paper we propose a finite element method approach formodelling the air quality in a local scale over complex terrain. The area of interest is up to tens of kilometres and it includes pollutant sources. The proposed methodology involves the generation of an adaptive tetrahedral mesh, the computation of an ambient wind field, the inclusion of the plume rise effect in the wind field, and the simulation of transport and reaction of pollutants. The methodology is used to simulate a fictitious pollution episode in La Palma island (Canary Island, Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Simple noise estimates and pseudoproxies for the last 21 000 years

Climate reconstructions are means to extract the signal from uncertain paleo-observations, so-called proxies. It is essential to evaluate these reconstructions to understand and quantify their uncertainties. Similarly, comparing climate simulations and proxies requires approaches to bridge the temporal and spatial differences between both and to address their specific uncertainties. One way to achieve these two goals is so-called pseudoproxies. These are surrogate proxy records within the virtual reality of a climate simulation. They in turn depend on an understanding of the uncertainties of the real proxies including the noise characteristics disturbing the original environmental signal. Common pseudoproxy approaches so far concentrate on data with high temporal resolution over the last approximately 2000 years. Here we provide a simple but flexible noise model for potentially low-resolution sedimentary climate proxies for temperature on millennial timescales, the code for calculating a set of pseudoproxies from a simulation, and one example of pseudoproxies. The noise model considers the influence of other environmental variables, a dependence on the climate state, a bias due to changing seasonality, modifications of the archive (for example bioturbation), potential sampling variability, and a measurement error. Model, code, and data allow us to develop new ways of comparing simulation data with proxies on long timescales. Code and data are available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBEHX (Bothe et al., 2018)

Wind Field Diagnostic Model

[EN]This chapter describes Wind3D, a mass-consistent diagnostic model with an updated vertical wind profile and atmospheric parameterization. First, a description of Wind3D is provided, along with their governing equations. Next, the finite element formulation of the model and the description of the solver of the corresponding linear system are presented. The model requires an initial wind field, interpolated from data obtained in a few points of the domain. It is constructed using a logarithmic wind profile that considers the effect of both stable boundary layer (SBL) and the convective boundary layer (CBL). One important aspect of mass-consistent models is that they are quite sensitive to the values of some of their parameters. To deal with this problem, a strategy for parameter estimation based on a memetic algorithm is presented. Finally, a numerical experiment over complex terrain is presented along with some concluding remarks

Homosocial relationships and patriarchal conventions in The Godfather.

El presente estudio analiza diferentes convenciones sociales dentro de la película El Padrino (Coppola, 1972). Se centra en analizar diferentes escenas de la película y ver como estas reflejan actitudes machistas. Todo a través del uso del uso específico del vestuario y la localización, pero también enfocado desde un punto más abstracto como lo es la sociedad establecida en la época. Dentro de mi estudio se hace referencia a diferentes teorías homosociales y patriarcales que son constatadas dentro del género gánster. La idea de este estudio es entender por qué El Padrino fue dirigida de semejante manera y que reflejan todas las escenas mencionadas dentro del estudio. <br /

El castillo de Burgos : (fragmentos de un capítulo)

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Urban Air Quality Modelling using Finite Elements

[EN]Urban air quality simulation requires models with di erent characteristics to those used in mesoscale or microscale. The spatial discretisation resolution is one of them. Urban geometries require smaller elements than those in other scales. Mesh for this kind of geometries are generated using the Meccano method; a mesh generator that has generated high-quality meshes of complex geometries [1]. In this work, we have added capabilities to insert buildings into the mesh maintaining the element quality. Wind eld should also be suitable for urban scale. To this end, we will use a mass-consistent model [2]. Thisapproximation has performed e ciently in microscale problems, coupling with mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. Finally, an adaptive nite element method is used to simulate the convection-di usion-reaction equation [3, 4]. The problem can be convectiondominant, so it is stabilised using a Least-Squares nite element method. The resulting matrix is symmetric and is solved using the Conjugate Gradient method preconditioned with an incomplete Cholesky factorisation. The model is applied to the city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria