Dinheiro e música popular: uma comparação entre Brasil e Estados Unidos

Resumo A primeira metade do século XX foi um período marcado por uma intensa construção de identidades nacionais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. A música popular desses dois países, especialmente o samba e os blues, reflete esses processos. Um dos temas centrais nas canções da época é o dinheiro e o modo como ele permeia o cotidiano

Medication errors in the Middle East countries: a systematic review of the literature

Background: Medication errors are a significant global concern and can cause serious medical consequences for patients. Little is known about medication errors in Middle Eastern countries. The objectives of this systematic review were to review studies of the incidence and types of medication errors in Middle Eastern countries and to identify the main contributory factors involved. Methods: A systematic review of the literature related to medication errors in Middle Eastern countries was conducted in October 2011 using the following databases: Embase, Medline, Pubmed, the British Nursing Index and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature. The search strategy included all ages and languages. Inclusion criteria were that the studies assessed or discussed the incidence of medication errors and contributory factors to medication errors during the medication treatment process in adults or in children. Results: Forty-five studies from 10 of the 15 Middle Eastern countries met the inclusion criteria. Nine (20%) studies focused on medication errors in paediatric patients. Twenty-one focused on prescribing errors, 11 measured administration errors, 12 were interventional studies and one assessed transcribing errors. Dispensing and documentation errors were inadequately evaluated. Error rates varied from 7.1% to 90.5% for prescribing and from 9.4% to 80% for administration. The most common types of prescribing errors reported were incorrect dose (with an incidence rate from 0.15% to 34.8% of prescriptions), wrong frequency and wrong strength. Computerised physician rder entry and clinical pharmacist input were the main interventions evaluated. Poor knowledge of medicines was identified as a contributory factor for errors by both doctors (prescribers) and nurses (when administering drugs). Most studies did not assess the clinical severity of the medication errors. Conclusion: Studies related to medication errors in the Middle Eastern countries were relatively few in number and of poor quality. Educational programmes on drug therapy for doctors and nurses are urgently needed

Cause of Death and Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation : Data From ROCKET AF

M. Kaste on työryhmän ROCKET AF Steering Comm jäsen.Background-Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all-cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results-In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention-to-treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS(2) score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow-up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33-1.70, P= 75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51-1.90, P Conclusions-In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, approximate to 7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereasPeer reviewe

Interfaces entre a história da violência e a constituição do território no Ceará: um esforço de síntese e periodização

A violência interpessoal fatal é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Para a compreensão desse fenômeno complexo, é necessário esforço interdisciplinar. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o papel desempenhado pela violência no processo histórico de construção do território no Ceará. O materialismo histórico foi utilizado como matriz teórica para estabelecer uma periodização crítica da violência. A articulação entre modo de produção e superestrutura permitiu uma aproximação da categoria formação social, no contexto do território. Foi possível estabelecer cinco blocos históricos relativamente homogêneos. A violência é um dos principais vetores da constituição do território cearense. Observa-se que esse fenômeno foi transformado em mais uma mercadoria, concreta e simbólica. A proximidade entre o perfil de jovem morto pela violência e o perfil de jovens desempregados não se deve ao acaso. Ambos sobrevivem nas periferias urbanas brasileiras carentes de políticas de proteção social. A persistência do modo de produção capitalista requer esse contingente populacional, que garante o baixo custo da força de trabalho, um dos pilares do desenvolvimento econômico no Ceará