O turismo rural como alternativa econômica para a pequena propriedade rural no Brasil

Small agricultural properties in Brazil have found it difficult to produce a satisfactory income to support the families. One of the most frequently discussed alternatives is diversification, to include non-agricultural activities. This article discusses rural tourism as an economic alternative for family farmers. It uses documentary research, in books, articles, income of small rural properties, through the sale of services, handicrafts and agricultural products. It also has the function of preserving, maintaining and valorizing the historical, cultural and natural heritage of the region, including other benefits for the local population, such as better infrastructure and public services. Key words: Ecotourism; New Rural; Local Development; Family Farming.La pequeña propiedad agrícola brasileña ha encontrado dificultades para producir una renta satisfactoria para el sustento de la familia. La alternativa más discutida es la diversificación hacia actividades no agrícolas. Este artículo discute el turismo rural como una alternativa económica para el agricultor familiar. Para ello fue utilizada investigación documental en libros, artículos, informes y sitios en la web que tratan sobre el tema. La investigación revela que el turismo rural contribuye para aumentar la renta de las pequeñas propiedades rurales por medio de la venta de servicios, de artesanías y de productos agrícolas. Además de eso, tiene la función de conservar, mantener y valorizar el patrimonio histórico, cultural y natural de la región, incluyendo otros beneficios para la población local, como mejora en la infraestructura y em los servicios públicos ofrecidos. Palabras-clave: Ecoturismo; Nuevo Rural; Desarrollo Local; Agricultura Familiar.A pequena propriedade agrícola brasileira tem encontrado dificuldade para produzir uma renda satisfatória para o sustento da família. A alternativa mais discutida é a diversificação para atividades não agrícolas. Este artigo discute o turismo rural como uma alternativa econômica para o agricultor familiar. Para tanto, foi utilizada pesquisa documental em livros, artigos, relatórios e sites na web que tratam sobre o assunto. A pesquisa revela que o turismo rural contribui para aumentar a renda das pequenas propriedades rurais, por meio da venda de serviços, de artesanato e de produtos agrícolas. Além disso, tem a função de conservar, manter e valorizar o patrimônio histórico, cultural e natural da região, incluindo outros benefícios à população local, como melhoria na infra-estrutura e nos serviços públicos oferecidos. Palavras-chave: Ecoturismo; Novo Rural; Desenvolvimento Local; Agricultura Familiar

A construção de conceitos de números naturais utilizando o ábaco

Propomo-nos, no presente trabalho, discutir e analisar os conceitos e a experiência vivencia da por meio da atividade “operando como ábaco”.Tal atividade é fruto do processo de formação em que estamos inseridos e possibilitou ao grupo uma (re) significação do que considerávamos “ensinar”. A discussão e análise da atividade partiram das falas de estudi-osos que se dedicam aos temas: sistema de numeração, ensino e aprendizagem na perspectiva lógico-histórica, nexos conceituais e as atividades que são orientadoras no processo ensino e aprendizagem, temáticas estas que conduziram nosso trabalho em sala de aula

Características citológicas de cistoadenocarcinoma papilar ovariano em um cão

Background: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm associated with peritoneal implantation and malignant effusion. Most dogs are asymptomatic until the nodules become large and the abdominal volume is increased. From the clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be obtained through imaging and histopathology, however, cytological analysis has become an alternative method for the early detection of this neoplasm. In order to demonstrate the importance of cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms and its metastasis, it is reported a case of metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog.Case: Female, intact, teckel, 5-year-old, with increased abdominal volume. Physical examination revealed ascites and intracavitary mass, abdominocentesis and fine needle puncture of the mass were performed for cytological evaluation. In the cavity fluid it was observed: dark red color, cloudy appearance, hematocrit of 35%; (7.6 g / dL), pH (8.0), 22,000 nucleated cells / μL, marked cellularity of pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged in three-dimensional cohesive groups, sometimes in acinar or tubular pattern, nucleus with loose chromatin coarse, scarse to moderate cytoplasm, perinuclear halo, multiple and evident nucleoli compatible with carcinomatous neoplastic effusion. In the cytological evaluation of the tumor, epithelial cells were observed, with the same microscopic characteristics of the abdominal fluid. A laparotomy that did not show metastasis was performed, multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing yellow-red fluid in the right ovary were visualized. Histopathology showed: neoplastic cells proliferation of ovarian glandular tissue, scarce cytoplasm, poorly delimited, nucleus ranging from oval to cylindrical with marked pleomorphism, evident nucleoli and loose chromatin, mitotic figures and papillary growth. Neoplastic cells forming irregular cavities with proteinaceous fluid, scarce connective tissue intermingling the cellular nest and areas of hemorrhage. Cytological and histopathological analyzes were compatible with ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. After three months of excision, the dog returned with thoracic effusion that presented the same characteristics of the abdominal fluid, indicating metastasis.Discussion: Metastasis and effusion were observed in 48% and 86% of dogs with this tumor, respectively. Cell exfoliation, release of fluid through the tumor capsule or rupture of cysts can result in transcelomic metastatic implants that exert pressure and obstruct peritoneal and diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels causing effusion. The macro and microscopic characteristics of the abdominal effusion reinforced the suspicion of neoplasia, and the cytomorphological evaluation of the tumor, which identified carcinomatous cells similar to that of the effusion, allowed the presumptive diagnosis of the neoplasia. The macroscopic presence of multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing red fluid in the right ovary, identified after surgical excision, reinforced the cytologic diagnosis. Histopathological examination identified wellestablished microscopic features that allowed the definitive and confirmatory diagnosis of neoplasia. Radiological analysis of the chest was not enough to detect the metastasis diagnosed by effusion analysis, however, small nodules (less than 6 mm) are difficult to identify by imaging. Thus, it is important to emphasize the importance of cytological evaluation of tumor and effusions for detection of neoplastic cells for the diagnosis of intracavitary neoplasia and metastasis

Roles of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins in the Sustained Antihypertensive Effects of Acanthospermum hispidum

Although Acanthospermum hispidum is used in Brazilian folk medicine as an antihypertensive, no study evaluated its effects on a renovascular hypertension and ovariectomy model. So, this study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction obtained from A. hispidum (ESAH) using two-kidney-one-clip hypertension in ovariectomized rats (2K1C plus OVT). ESAH was orally administered at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, daily, for 28 days, after 5 weeks of surgery. Enalapril (15 mg/kg) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. Diuretic activity was evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Serum creatinine, urea, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrosamine, nitrite, aldosterone, vasopressin levels, and ACE activity were measured. The vascular reactivity and the role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PG) in the vasodilator response of ESAH on the mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) were also investigated. ESAH treatment induced an important saluretic and antihypertensive response, therefore recovering vascular reactivity in 2K1C plus OVT-rats. This effect was associated with a reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress with a possible increase in the NO bioavailability. Additionally, a NO and PG-dependent vasodilator effect was observed on the MEV

Papel da laminina na migração de linfócitos T em modelo murino de transplante cardíaco alogênico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:35:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ariany_santos_ioc_mest_2014.pdf: 1704309 bytes, checksum: 886b3d79e9bee2726bb2fddcc43063c9 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilDurante o processo de rejeição, linfócitos T do receptor são ativados e migram para o enxerto. A glicoproteína laminina (LM) é importante na migração e posicionamento de linfócitos durante a rejeição, porém dados sobre o papel das diferentes isoformas neste processo são escassos. Usando um modelo de transplante cardíaco alogênico, nosso grupo verificou que o tratamento com o anticorpo monoclonal anti-LM diminuiu o infiltrado inflamatório e a deposição de LM nos enxertos cardíacos. No presente trabalho, caracterizamos os linfócitos T presentes nos linfonodos de drenagem e aloenxertos, a expressão das isoformas de LM nos aloenxertos e seu papel na migração dos linfócitos T. Nos aloenxertos, observamos um aumento de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+, e um maior enriquecimento de linfócitos CD8+ ativados, quando comparado aos enxertos isogênicos. Por qPCR, verificamos que somente a cadeia LAMB3, constituinte da LM332, teve sua expressão aumentada nos aloenxertos. Por imunofluorescência, verificamos uma maior deposição de LM332 e da cadeia LAMB3 nos aloenxertos Para verificar o papel da LM332 na migração dos linfócitos T, realizamos ensaios de migração e observamos uma migração reduzida dos linfócitos T frente a LM332, quando comparado aos grupos controle. Esse resultado sugere que a LM332 pode promover uma forte adesão, influenciando a migração dos linfócitos T alorreativos. A análise das isoformas de LM durante a rejeição será importante para o entendimento da migração das células efetoras durante esse processo e poderá ajudar a definir estratégias terapêuticasDuring rejection process, recipient T cells are activated in lymph nodes and migrate to the graft. The glycoprotein laminina (LM) is important in lymphocyte positioning and effector function during alloreactive responses. Using a model of allogeneic heart transplantation, where hearts from neonatal C57BL/6 mice were transplanted in the ear of adult BALB/c recipients, treatment with a nti - LM mAb de creased the cellular infiltrate and LM deposition within the grafts. In this work , we characterized T cells in allografts, evaluate LM isoform expression and their role on T lymphocyte migration in the model described above. In al lografts, we observed an i ncrease of CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes, and a n enrichment of activated CD8 + T cells , when compared to the isografts. By qPCR, only LAMB3 chain, component of the LM332 isoform, was increased in allografts. Additionally, we observed higher deposition of LM332 in allografts by immunofluorescence. To check the role of LM332 on T cell migration, we performed ex vivo experiments and observed a reduced LM332 - driven migratory response of lymphocytes from lymph nodes. Our data sug gest that the predominance of T cells in allografts can be rela ted to an enhanced contact of T cells with LM332, as no haptota ctic effect of the intact LM332 was observed . Analysis of the role of LM isoform s during the rejection process will be important to understand the trafficking process o f effector cells during graft rejection and might help to de fine new therapeutical strategies

Muscular dystrophy: from mouse models to small molecule therapies

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of genetic diseases that primarily affects the muscular tissue and is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. MDs can be classified according to the age of onset, clinical symptoms, and the mutated genes with their respective encoded proteins. According to the age of onset, MDs are divided into congenital muscular dystrophies presenting early onset at birth or within the first six months of life, and late-onset muscular dystrophies characterized by the onset after the first years of life. Currently, there is no cure or effective treatment to prevent muscular dystrophy disease progression. In this dissertation, we characterized the cardiac function in humans and a mouse model of integrin α7-related congenital muscular dystrophy (ITGA7-CMD), a rare type of congenital muscular dystrophy, and verified the loss of integrin α7 is associated with late-onset cardiomyopathy in ITGA7-CMD patients and Itga7-/- mouse model. Additionally, we investigated the efficacy of two FDA-approved small molecule drugs, sunitinib and vemurafenib, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and laminin-α2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD), respectively. Our results show that treatment with sunitinib prevents DMD-related cardiomyopathy progression by improving cardiac histopathology and function in a mouse model of DMD, and treatment with vemurafenib improves skeletal muscle histopathology by regulating fibrosis and metabolism in a mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. Together our results highlight the importance of using animal models to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease and develop new therapies for different types of MDs

Curriculum, school subjects and knowledge: constitutive nature and historical appropriations

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa já concluída acerca das práticas curriculares e as disciplinas escolares. Objetiva-se demonstrar que a relação entre o conhecimento científico e as disciplinas escolares se constitui como uma evidência histórica. O currículo enquanto construção histórica se fundamenta nos paradigmas científicos de uma época e no constructo das relações culturais, econômicas e políticas de uma sociedade. Buscou-se explicitar que as disciplinas escolares estabelecidas são produzidas historicamente e o conhecimento veiculado por elas denotam aspectos referentes às dinâmicas do poder e da ciência. This article is result of a research already completed about the curricular practices and school subjects. The objective is to demonstrate that the relationship between scientific knowledge and school subjects is constituted as historical evidence. The curriculum as historical construction is based on the scientific paradigms of an era and on the construct of the relations cultural, economic and political of a society. It was tried to explicit that the school subjects established are produced historically and the knowledge conveyed by them denote aspects referring to the dynamics of power and science.Este artículo es fruto de una investigación ya concluida acerca de las prácticas curriculares y las asignaturas escolares. Se pretende demostrar que la relación entre el conocimiento científico y las asignaturas escolares se constituye como una evidencia histórica. El currículo como construcción histórica se fundamenta en los paradigmas científicos de una época y en el constructo de las relaciones culturales, económicas y políticas de una sociedad. Se buscó explicitar que las asignaturas escolares establecidas son producidas históricamente y el conocimiento vehiculado por ellas denota aspectos referentes a las dinámicas del poder y de la ciencia.

Development of a Predictive Model to Induce Atherogenesis and Hepato-Renal Impairment in Female Rats

Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis have radically changed in recent decades. Part of this advance undeniably stems from basic biomedical research that has provided a better understanding and identification of new therapeutic targets. The aim of this work was to develop a model to induce atherogenesis and hepato-renal impairment in female Wistar rats. The following groups received the respective treatments for 60 days: control animals, non-ovariectomized rats that received an atherogenic diet (NEAD), ovariectomized rats that received an atherogenic diet (NOAD), non-ovariectomized rats that received an atherogenic diet and oral Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME; LEAD), and ovariectomized rats that received an atherogenic diet and oral l-NAME (LOAD). Animals in the NEAD, NOAD, LEAD, and LOAD groups also received methimazole and cholecalciferol daily. Urinary, biochemical, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic parameters and renal function were assessed. Samples of the liver, heart, kidney, and arteries were collected to investigate redox status and perform histopathological analyses. All of the groups developed dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Only the NEAD group developed arterial lesions that were compatible with fatty streaks. Renal function was significantly impaired in the LEAD and NOAD groups. These results indicate a viable alternative to induce atherogenesis and hepato-renal impairment in female rats

Fractal scaling exponents of heart rate variability association with linear indices and Poincaré Plot

The literature indicated that the fractal analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is related to the chaos theory. However, it is not clear if the both short and long-term fractal scaling exponents of HRV are reliable for short period analysis in women. We evaluated the association of the fractal exponents of HRV with the time and frequency domain and geometric indices of HRV. We evaluated 65 healthy women between 18 and 30 years old. HRV was analyzed with a minimal number of 256 RR intervals in the time (SDNN, RMSSD, NN50 and pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF and LF/HF ratio) domains, the geometric index were also analyzed (triangular indexRRtri, triangular interpolation of RR intervals-TINN and Poincaré plot-SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2) as well as short and long-term fractal exponents (alpha-1 and alpha-2) of the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). No significant correlation was observed for alpha-2 exponent with all indices. There was significant correlation of the alpha-1 exponent with RMSSD, pNN50, SDNN/RMSSD, LF (nu), HF (nu and ms2 ), LF/HF ratio, SD1 and SD1/SD2 ratio. Our data does not indicate the alpha-2 exponent to be used for 256 RR intervals and we support the alpha-1 exponent to be used for HRV analysis in this condition

Integrin α7 Mutations Are Associated With Adult-Onset Cardiac Dysfunction in Humans and Mice

BACKGROUND: Integrin α7β1 is a major laminin receptor in skeletal and cardiac muscle. In skeletal muscle, integrin α7β1 plays an important role during muscle development and has been described as an important modifier of skeletal muscle diseases. The integrin α7β1 is also highly expressed in the heart, but its precise role in cardiac function is unknown. Mutations in the integrin α7 gene (ITGA7) have been reported in children with congenital myopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we described skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology in Itga7−/− mice and 5 patients from 2 unrelated families with ITGA7 mutations. Proband in family 1 presented a homozygous c.806_818del [p.S269fs] variant, and proband in family 2 was identified with 2 intron variants in the ITGA7 gene. The complete absence of the integrin α7 protein in muscle supports the ITGA7 mutations are pathogenic. We performed electrocardiography, echocardiography, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and histological biopsy analyses in patients with ITGA7 deficiency and Itga7−/− mice. The patients exhibited cardiac dysrhythmia and dysfunction from the third decade of life and late-onset respiratory insufficiency, but with relatively mild limb muscle involvement. Mice demonstrated corresponding abnormalities in cardiac conduction and contraction as well as diaphragm muscle fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that loss of integrin α7 causes a novel form of adult-onset cardiac dysfunction indicating a critical role for the integrin α7β1 in normal cardiac function and highlights the need for long-term cardiac monitoring in patients with ITGA7-related congenital myopathy