Biologie et dynamique des populations de la crevette Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) en Guyane française

La biologie et la dynamique des populations des diverses phases du cycle de vie de la crevette Penaeidae #Xiphopenaeus kroyeri$ (HELLER, 1862) en Guyane française ont été étudiées en fonction des conditions du milieu (mer et estuaire). La phase postlarvaire a été analysée à partir de prélèvements bimensuels à l'aide d'un filet à plancton sur un estuaire de la région. Nous avons abordé : les caractères morphologiques déterminant l'espèce, le recrutement dans l'estuaire, les variations saisonnières de l'abondance et les relations avec les facteurs physicochimiques. Les résultats ont montré l'influence de facteurs tels que le courant et la salinité sur l'entrée des postlarves dans l'estuaire, ainsi que l'absence pour la région étudiée d'une migration verticale (jour-nuit) des postlarves. Pour l'étude de la phase juvénile, des prélèvements ont été réalisés sur la pêche artisanale à l'aide de "barrières chinoises". Nous avons étudié les variations saisonnières des tailles, la migration estuaire-mer et la croissanc

Taxas de letalidade por tuberculose na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, de 2001 a 2009

The mortality rate among tuberculosis patients (TB fatality) has been attributed to irregular chemotherapy, delay in diagnosis, multidrug resistance, and HIV coinfection. To analyze TB fatality rates by sex, clinical presentation and HIV coinfection in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ohorts of residents in the city of Campinas who either died during treatment for tuberculosis or had the disease confirmed after death were divided into three intervals: 2001-2003, 2004-2006, and 2007-2009. Data were obtained from the database of the Tuberculosis Surveillance System of the University of Campinas, and notifications were gathered through TB-WEB Health São Paulo Secretary. Statistical significance was determined using a chi-square test, considering p < 0.05. Between 2001 and 2009, 3,416 TB patients were diagnosed: 2,827 (82.8%) were new TB cases and 589 (17.2%) were retreatments. Between the first and second triennium, the number of new patients decreased by 18%, and 23% among retreatments. Between the second and third intervals, the reduction was 5% and 21%, respectively. General case fatality rate declined from 11.4% to 9.9% across intervals, and was most significant among patients that had previously abandoned treatment (17.3% to 5.1%). Fatality rates among patients coinfected with TB-AIDS were 2-3 times that of patients not infected with TB-AIDS throughout the intervals. Fatality between the first and third triennium among TB-AIDS co-infected patients declined (24.8% to 19.5%), while increasing slightly among non-AIDS TB patients (7.3% to 8%) during this period. Conclusion: Though mortality among TB-AIDS patients declined from 2001-2009, rates among non-AIDS TB remained stagnant. Improved TB diagnosis and treatment is needed to further decrease TB mortality in Campinas22A letalidade por tuberculose tem sido atribuída à quimioterapia irregular, à demora no diagnóstico, à multidrogarresistência, à coinfecção com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Analisar letalidade por tuberculose segundo sexo, apresentação clínica, presença da coinfecção pelo HIV, em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram verificadas coortes de residentes em Campinas que morreram durante tratamento para tuberculose e aqueles notificados após óbito, agrupados em três intervalos: 2001-2003, 2004-2006 e 2007-2009. As informações foram obtidas no Banco de Dados para Vigilância da Tuberculose da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), com captação das notificações no Sistema de Notificação e Acompanhamento de Casos de Tuberculose da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo. A significância estatística foi verificada pelo teste χ2 considerando p < 0,05. Entre 2001 e 2009, foram diagnosticados 3.416 pacientes com tuberculose: 2.827 (82,8%) sem tratamento anterior e 589 (17,2%) com retratamentos. Entre o primeiro e o segundo triênio, o número de pacientes novos diminuiu 18% sem tratamento anterior e 23% entre retratamentos. Entre o segundo e o terceiro intervalo, a redução foi de 5 e 21%, respectivamente. A letalidade geral declinou de 11,4 para 9,9%, diferença mais significante entre os que haviam abandonado tratamento anteriormente (17,3 para 5,1%). A letalidade entre pacientes com coinfecção tuberculose-síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) foi 2-3 vezes maior que entre tuberculose sem aids durante todo o período estudado. A letalidade entre o primeiro e o terceiro triênio declinou no grupo com tuberculose-aids (24,8 para 19,5%), enquanto teve ligeiro aumento entre tuberculose sem aids (7,3 para 8%). Embora a mortalidade entre pacientes com tuberculose-aids tenha diminuído de 2001-2009, as taxas no grupo tuberculose sem aids permaneceram estagnadas. Melhorias no diagnóstico e no tratamento são necessárias para a redução da mortalidade entre pacientes com tuberculose em Campina

Profile of female swimmers competing in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships

This study aimed to understand whether there are significant differ- ences in stroke kinematics between tiers in female swimmers com- peting in the four 50 m events of the 2021 European Championships and to understand the speed-time relationship in the four race events per tier. Participants were all female swimmers (backstroke: 78 swim- mers; breaststroke: 75 swimmers; butterfly: 74 swimmers; freestyle: 87 swimmers) who participated in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships held in Budapest (i.e. heats, semi-finals, and final). For each swimming stroke, swimmers were divided into three tiers (best-performing swimmers, intermedium-performing swimmers, and poorest-performing swimmers). Swimming speed revealed a significant tier effect (p < 0.05) in all race sections for all swimming strokes. The other stroke kinematic variables revealed divergent findings, but the stroke frequency presented an overall tier effect (p < 0.05) across all four swimming strokes. Curve fitting for all swimming strokes and tiers revealed a cubic relationship. Thus, it should be considered that female swimmers who compete in 50 m events in major competitions adopt an all-out strategy. The present data provide coaches with insightful information about the main trend in 50 m sprint events, specifically in each section of the race.The work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UIDB/DTP/04045/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Productive indicator in a Holstein dairy herd: growth and height curves, reproductive and productive traits and genetic parameters

Data on weight, height, productive and reproductive performance of 1,272 Holstein heifers, born from 1990 to 1998, were used to evaluate the growth and height patterns of these females from birth to first calving, and the following traits: weight at first calving (PP), age at first calving (IP), milk production in the first lactation (PL) and first calving interval (IEP), and to estimate genetic parameters of these traits. The von Bertalanffy fitted models were: Yi=802.10 (1-0.630EXP (-0.0022t)) for weight, and Yi=1.40 (1-0.208EXP (-0.0038t)) for height. The average performance of heifers were: height 140cm, weight 602kg and 27 month of age at first calving. The total milk yield was 8,026kg and first IEP was 420 days. The (co)variance components estimates were obtained by a derivative-free algorithm with the DFREML. The estimates of heritabilities were 0.31, 0.35, 0.34, respectively for PP, IP and PL, and 0.10 for IEP. The genetic correlations estimates between PP and PL, PL and IP and IEP and PL were low. The correlation between IEP and PP was 0.49 and between IEP and IP was, -0.69, sugesting an antagonism between the two last traits.Foram analisados dados de peso, altura e desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de 1.272 novilhas da raça Holandesa, nascidas no período de 1990 a 1998. Estudaram-se o desenvolvimento em peso e altura do nascimento até o primeiro parto, as características peso ao primeiro parto (PP), idade ao primeiro parto (IP), produção de leite na primeira lactação (PL), primeiro intervalo de partos (IEP), e os parâmetros genéticos pertinentes. As equações para as curvas de peso e altura, estimadas pelo modelo proposto por von Bertalanffy, foram: Yi= 802,10 (1 - 0,630EXP (-0,0022t)) e Yi= 1,40 (1 - 0,208EXP (-0,0038t)), respectivamente. As novilhas atingiram o primeiro parto com altura média de 140cm e peso de 602kg aos 27 meses de idade. A produção total de leite na primeira lactação foi de 8.026kg e o primeiro IEP 420 dias. Na obtenção dos componentes de (co)variância utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivada. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,31, 0,35 e 0,34, respectivamente, para PP, IP e PL, e 0,10 para IEP, evidenciando variância genética aditiva média para as três primeiras características. As correlações genéticas apresentaram pequena magnitude para PP e PL, PL e IP, e IEP e PL. A correlação entre IEP e PP foi 0,49; entre IEP e IP o valor foi negativo, -0,69, indicando provável antagonismo entre as duas últimas características.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de GenéticaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e ZootecniaInstituto de ZootecniaUniversidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de QueirozUNIFESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Depto. de GenéticaSciEL

Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

This study aimed to: (i) present normative data of the variables related to the start in the four swim strokes by tier and sex, and; (ii) understand the relationship between the 15th meter mark time and the final race time of the male and female swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships. Participants were all male and female swimmers who competed in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships held in Budapest. The official race times and block times were retrieved from the official competition website. All starting variables were analyzed in a dedicated software for race analysis. The 15th meter mark time was used as the start main outcome. For all events by sex, the 15th meter mark time was the variable presenting the highest and largest tier effect (p < 0.001) besides the final race time. Overall, despite the swim stroke, the variables related to the underwater phase were also responsible for the significant tier effect (p < 0.001). The 15th meter mark time presented a high to very-high relationship with the final race time in all four swim strokes. This relationship was stronger in freestyle (both sexes). That is, swimmers who achieve the 15th meter mark sooner are more likely to deliver better performances. Coaches must be aware that the underwater phase plays a key-role on the swimmers’ (both sexes) start performance. Nonetheless, different strategies can be used based on the swimmers’ strength and weaknesses. Moreover, the start performance in all four swim strokes and in both sexes can strongly predict the final race time.This research was supported by national funds (FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UIDB/DTP/04045/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using statistical parametric mapping to compare the propulsion of age-group swimmers in front crawl acquired with the Aquanex system

Understanding the difference in each upper limb between age groups can provide deeper insights into swimmers’ propulsion. This study aimed to: (1) compare swimming velocity and a set of kinematical variables between junior and juvenile swimmers and (2) compare the propulsion outputs through discrete and continuous analyses (Statistical Parametric Mapping—SPM) between junior and juvenile swimmers for each upper limb (i.e., dominant and non-dominant). The sample was composed of 22 male swimmers (12 juniors with 16.35 0.74 years; 10 juveniles with 15.40 0.32 years). A set of kinematic and propulsion variables was measured at maximum swimming velocity. Statistical Parametric Mapping was used as a continuous analysis approach to identify differences in the propulsion of both upper limbs between junior and juvenile swimmers. Junior swimmers were significantly faster than juveniles (p = 0.04, d = 0.86). Although juniors showed higher propulsion values, the SPM did not reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant upper limbs between the two age groups. This indicates that other factors (such as drag) may be responsible for the difference in swimming velocity. Coaches and swimmers should be aware that an increase in propulsion alone may not immediately lead to an increase in swimming velocity.This work is supported by national funds (FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UIDB/DTP/04045/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is leg kicking workout position affecting kinematic and hydrodynamic variables in front-craw?

Swimming training includes leg kicking workouts, whereas swimmerschoose betweenhead out (RO) or headin (HI) position holding afllitter kick board. Ourobjective was to characterize andanalyse differences between the t\vo legkicking positions in Swimming Vdocity (Y, 1n m/s), lntra-cyclic variation of the horizontal velocity (dv, dimensionless), Active Drag (D, in N), Hydrodynamic Coefficient (CD •. dimensionless), Mechanical Power (P, in W) andfrontal surfacearea (FSA, ia m2). Thirteen swimmers (15.3 ± 2,9 years~old) participated in thisstudy. Frontal surface area was calculated according to the proposal of Morais et aI. (201l)byphotogrammetry. Aftefa standard warmup, swimmers performed 4x25mbouts at maximum velocity as follows: i) 2XcrawI HO Ieg-kick; ii) 2XcrawI HI Ieg-kick. ln the first bout ofeach the V and the dv were measured usingaspeedmeter cable that Was attached to lhe swimmer's hip (Barbosaet aI., 2013). In the secondbout CD was obtained through the velocity perturbation method (Kolmogorov and Duplishcheva, 1992).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using wearables to monitor swimmers’ propulsive force to get real-time feedback and understand its relationship to swimming velocity

Evidence on the role of propulsion compared to drag in swimming, based on experimental settings, is still lacking. However, higher levels of propulsion seem to lead to faster swimming veloci- ties. The aim of this study was to understand the variation in a set of kinematic and kinetic variables between two swimming sections and their relationship to swimming velocity. The sample consisted of 15 young adult recreational swimmers (8 males: 20.84 ± 2.03 years; 7 females: 20.13 ± 1.90 years). Maximum swimming velocity and a set of kinematic and kinetic variables were measured during two consecutive sections of the swimming pool. Differences between sections were measured and the determinants of swimming velocity were analyzed. Swimming velocity, propulsive force, and the other kinematic and kinetic variables did not change significantly (p < 0.05) between sections (only the intra-cyclic fluctuation of swimming velocity decreased significantly, p = 0.005). The modeling identified the propulsive force, stroke length, and active drag coefficient as the determinants of swimming velocity. Swimming velocity was determined by the interaction of kinematic and kinetic variables, specifically propulsive force and active drag coefficientThis research was funded by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, grant number UIDB/DTP/04045/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stress Concentration on PDMS: An evaluation of three numerical constitutive models using digital image correlation

The examination of hyperelastic materials’ behavior, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is crucial for applications in areas as biomedicine and electronics. However, the limitations of hyperelastic models for specific stress scenarios, with stress concentration, are not well explored on the literature. To address this, firstly, three constitutive models were evaluated (Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and Ogden) using numerical simulations and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis during a uniaxial tensile test. The samples were made of PDMS with stress concentration geometries (center holes, shoulder fillets, and edge notches). Results of ANOVA analysis showed that any of the three models can be chosen for numerical analysis of PDMS since no significant differences in suitability were found. Finally, the Ogen model was chosen to obtain the stress concentration factors for these geometries, a property which characterize how discontinuities change the maximum stress supported by an element. Our study provides new values for variables needed to analyze and design hyperelastic elements and produce a foundation for understanding PDMS stress-strain behavior.The authors acknowledge the projects EXPL/EME-EME/0732/2021 and 2022.06207.PTDC for the financial support, through national funds (OE), within the scope of the Scientific Research and Technological Development Projects (IC&DT) program in all scientific domains (PTDC), PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), via the Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (FCT, I.P) and the R&D Units projects (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) (CIMO), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020), UIDB/ 04077/2020, UIDP/04077/2020, UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDB/00532/ 2020. Andrews Souza acknowledges FCT for the Ph.D. scholarship 2021.07961.BD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nongenotoxic Effects And A Reduction Of The Dxr-induced Genotoxic Effects Of Helianthus Annuus Linné (sunflower) Seeds Revealed By Micronucleus Assays In Mouse Bone Marrow

Background: This research evaluated the genotoxicity of oil and tincture of H. annuus L. seeds using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between these preparations and the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DXR) was also analysed (antigenotoxicity test) .Methods: Experimental groups were evaluated at 24-48 h post treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (positive control - NEU), DXR (chemotherapeutic), NaCl (negative control), a sunflower tincture (THALS) and two sources of sunflower oils (POHALS and FOHALS). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using the sunflower tincture and oils separately and in combination with NUE or DXR. Results: For THALS, analysis of the MNPCEs showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCE was observed when THALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) was administered in combination with DXR (5 mg.Kg-1). For POHALS or FOHALS, analysis of the MNPCEs also showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. However, the combination DXR + POHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) or DXR + FOHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) not contributed to the MNPCEs reduction. Conclusions: This research suggests absence of genotoxicity of THALS, dose-, time- and sex-independent, and its combination with DXR can reduce the genotoxic effects of DXR. 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