Survival and initial growth of native tree species implanted in degraded pastures.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar e comparar o crescimento inicial de espécies nativas de diferentes grupos sucessionais implantadas em área de pastagem degradada e monitorar a evolução da biodiversidade local por meio da regeneração natural. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Jateí, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Analisou-se, durante um ano, altura de plantas, diâmetro do colo, projeção da copa e taxa de sobrevivência, em três subáreas de 400 m2: (I) declividade de 10%, (II) declividade de 14% e (III) barranco erodido. Propôs-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os representantes de cada espécie constituindo o número de repetições. As espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais apresentaram maior crescimento e adaptação ao ambiente, destacando-se Maclura tinctoria, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Cedrela odorata, Peltophorum dubium e Anadenanthera colubrina, as quais podem ser indicadas para restauração florestal de áreas degradadas.This study aimed to monitor the initial growth and survival of Brazilian native species from different successional groups grown in Permanent Preservation Areas degraded by pasture activity. The study was conducted in Jateí city, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Plants were analyzed for one year, the plant height, stem diameter, crown projection and survival in three sub-areas. It was proposed a completely randomized design with individuals of each species representing the number of repetitions. The pioneer species and early secondary showed higher growth and adaptation to the environment, especially Maclura tinctoria, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Cedrela odorata, Peltophorum dubium and Anadenanthera colubrina which may be indicated for recovery plant of degraded pasture

Respostas fisiológicas de Aechmea setigera Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (Bromeliaceae) cultivada in vitro

In vitro propagation of bromeliads is widely used to produce plantlets intended for conservation. This study aims at evaluating physiological responses of Aechmea setigera in vitro cultured under different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg L-1 of BAP). After 90 days of in vitro cultured in stationary liquid MS culture medium it were assessed morphological and biochemical parameters. The BAP increment increased stomatal density, reduced plant size and root number, but increased the number of shoots. There was significant effect of BAP dose on fresh and dry mass. High BAP doses (4.0 and 8.0 mg L-1) promoted the reduction of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content, but there was no change of chlorophyll b and carotenoids. The concentration of starch and total soluble carbohydrates decreased above 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP, respectively. The total phenolic content decreased with increasing BAP concentrations. Evaluated changes in metabolism elucidate the phenotypic plasticity for in vitro multiplication process in A. setigera.A propagação in vitro de bromélias é amplamente utilizada para produzir plantas visando a conservação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de Aechmea setigera cultivada in vitro sob diferentes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento completamente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 mg L-1 de BAP). Após 90 dias de cultivo in vitro em meio de cultura MS líquido estacionário, foram avaliados parâmetros morfológicos e bioquímicos. O aumento das concentrações de BAP promoveu aumento da densidade estomática, redução do tamanho da planta e do número de raízes, mas aumentou o número de brotos. Existiu efeito significativo entre as doses de BAP e as massas fresca e seca. Elevadas doses de BAP (4,0 e 8,0 mg L-1) promoveu a redução dos teores de clorofila a e total, mas não alterou os teores de clorofila b e carotenóides. As concentrações de amido e carboidratos solúveis diminuíram com o uso de concentrações acima de 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1 de BAP, respectivamente. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais diminui com o aumento da concentração de BAP. As modificações avaliadas no metabolismo elucidam a plasticidade fenotípica nos processos de multiplicação in vitro de A. setigera

Caracterização histológica do colmo de quatro espécies de bambusoideae (Poaceae)

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2017.Os bambus perenes de florestas temperadas e tropicais pertencentes à família Poaceae, subfamília Bambusoideae, e possuem ampla distribuição. Estas plantas apresentam características de crescimento particularmente extraordinário, definido pelo tipo de rizoma, as quais estão associadas à resistência de seu colmo e despertaram o interesse econômico e ecológico, estimulando, assim, a criação de uma Lei Federal que incentiva o seu cultivo e manejo sustentável. Entretanto, conhecimentos morfohistológicos sobre espécies de bambu ainda são escassos e muitas vezes necessários para estudos aplicados de processos de propagação. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os tecidos do ápice caulinar e dos segmentos nodais de ramos jovens (no sentido ápice-base), de quatro espécies de bambu (Dendrocalamus asper, Guadua chacoensis, Merostachys glauca e Phyllostachys aurea), com ênfase na origem e na localização do meristema intercalar em P. aurea. O trabalho inclui dois capítulos: 1. Diferenças anatômicas entre as regiões de nó e entrenó do colmo de quatro espécies de Bambusoideae; 2. Origem e caracterização do meristema intercalar (MI) em Phyllostachys aurea. Os resultados revelaram semelhanças estruturais na região apical das quatro espécies. A análise histológica mostrou que, no sentido basípeto do colmo, ocorre o aumento no número de camadas de fibras e espessamento das paredes celulares das fibras e parênquima. Nas regiões de nó, a medula estava constituída por células parenquimáticas, intercaladas por fibras e feixes vasculares dispersos. O MI teve origem no meristema apical, a partir de células do promeristema, e estava presente na base dos entrenós e na base dos primórdios foliares. Na base do entrenó, o MI estava constituído por uma faixa estreita de dois tipos celulares, as células fusiformes e as células curtas. As células meristemáticas fusiformes revelaram ser as precursoras das fibras. As células meristemáticas curtas originaram as células parenquimáticas. Nos entrenós mais apicais predominou a presença de células parenquimáticas, porém no sentido basípeto foi registrado o predomínio de fibras. O MI promoveu o alongamento e o aumento do diâmetro do entrenó. Os resultados obtidos sobre a histologia destas quatro espécies de Bambusoideae poderá subsidiar estudos aplicados com bambu, entre eles os processos de micro e macropropagação.Abstract: The perennial bamboos of temperate and tropical forests belonging to the subfamily Bambusoideae and are widely distributed. These plants have particularly extraordinary growth characteristics, which are defined by the type of rhizome, such characteristics associated to resistance of their wood, have aroused economic and ecological interest, thus stimulating the creation of a Federal Law that encourages the cultivation and sustainable management. However, morphohistological knowledge about bamboo species is still scarce and often necessary for applied studies of propagation processes. In this way, the present study aimed to characterize the tissues of the apex and the nodal segments of young branches (apex-base), with emphasis on intercalary meristem (origin and location) in four bamboo species: Dendrocalamus asper, Guadua chacoensis, Merostachys glauca and Phyllostachys aurea. The work includes two chapters: 1. Anatomical differences between the regions of node and internode culm of four species of bamboo; 2. Origin and characterization of intermeral meristem (IM) in Phyllostachys aurea (Bambusoideae - Poaceae). The results revealed structural similarities in the apical region of the four species. Histological analysis showed that, in the basipetal sense of the culm, the increase of fibers and thickening of the cell walls of the fibers and parenchyma occurs. In the node regions the pith is filled by parenchyma cells, interspersed with fibers and dispersed vascular bundles. The IM originated from the apical meristem, from promeristem cells, and is present at the base of the internodes and at the base of the foliar primordia. At the base of the internode, the IM consisted of a narrow band of two types of cells, fusiform and short. Fusiform meristematic cells are the precursors of the fibers. The meristematic short cells are the initials of the parenchyma cells. In the more apical internodes, the presence of parenchyma cells predominated, but in the basipetal direction it was registered a predominance of fibers. IM promoted elongation and increased diameter of the internode. The results obtained on the histology of these four species may support studies applied with bamboo, among them micro and macropropagation processes

Superação de dormência e estabelecimento de plântulas normais e anormais para produção de mudas de Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb

Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb has great economic importance due to fast growth have, tegument dormancy, and variation in the germination process, where dormancy overcoming is fundamental in the study of seedlings. The aim of this study was to describe the external morphology of early stage development and test pre-germination treatments with hot water and sulfuric acid, under presence and absence of light, at different temperatures, as well, as to assess the establishment of normal and abnormal seedlings. For this there were five methods of scarification, three conditions of temperatures associated with two light regimes, and in nursery; the establishment of normal and abnormal seedlings was evaluated. Germination was classified as epigeal phanerocotylar, the treatment with immersion in water 80°C and H2SO4 120" was the most suitable to overcome dormancy, the optimal temperature was 30°C. Normal and abnormal seedlings have high capabilities of establishment

Initial growth of Stryphnodendron polyphylum (Mart.) in response to fertilization with N and P

Barbatimão is an important native specie of Savannah, with economic potential and restoration of degraded areas, however, there are few agronomic studies with the specie, particularly regarding the fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus in Cerrado soils. Thus, the objective was to study the initial growth, the levels of chlorophyll, dry matter production in function of N and P levels. The study was developed in 8 dm3 pots and kept in a greenhouse. There were studied four N levels (0, 20.82, 41.64 and 62.46 mg N kg-1) and four P levels (0, 41.72, 83.44 and 125.16 mg.kg-1 P2O5) in 4x4 factorial design in randomized blocks experimental design with four replications. After 210 days after sowing height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry mass of shoot and root and leaf N content were measured. The nitrogen and phosphate application showed higher increment for all traits