Resultados preliminares de um estudo sobre os efeitos da aplicação foliar de 2,4-D e potássio sobre o calibre do fruto da clementina ‘Mioro’

As clementinas apresentam boas características organoléticas e ausência de sementes, o que é apreciado pelos consumidores e faz com que estejam entre os grupos de citrinos mais cultivados na Península Ibérica. Entre as clementinas, a cultivar ‘Mioro’ tem suscitado interesse pela sua precocidade, mas o vingamento é em alguns casos excessivo e os frutos apresentam um baixo calibre. A monda de frutos é usada para diminuir a competição e aumentar o calibre do fruto, mas é bastante dispendiosa e o seu efeito sobre o calibre das clementinas que ficam na árvore é pouco significativo, sobretudo quando é executado demasiado tarde. Em diversos países, incluindo Espanha, as auxinas são usadas vulgarmente para aumentar o calibre de clementinas e outras tangerinas. Porém, a sua aplicação não é eficaz em todas as cultivares de tangerineira. Mesmo nas cultivares em que as auxinas aumentam o calibre do fruto, a sua eficácia depende da auxina aplicada e para cada cultivar é necessário determinar o momento ótimo de aplicação e a concentração a usar. A aplicação de potássio por via foliar também tem um efeito positivo sobre o calibre do fruto, mas a sua eficácia depende do número de aplicações, do(s) momento(s) de aplicação e da concentração usada. Neste estudo foi testada a aplicação de 2,4-D a duas concentrações (10 e 30 mg L-1) e a aplicação foliar de óxido de potássio (uma e três aplicações), num desenho experimental em parcelas divididas (split-plot), com subparcelas de pelo menos 10 árvores. Os resultados obtidos até agora permitem concluir que a aplicação de 2,4-D provocou um aumento significativo do calibre do fruto, sobretudo quando aplicado a uma concentração de 30 mg L-1. A aplicação de potássio não provocou um aumento significativo do calibre do fruto, relativamente à testemunha.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Linking appraisal to behavioral flexibility in animals: implications for stress research

In fluctuating environments, organisms require mechanisms enabling the rapid expression of context-dependent behaviors. Here, we approach behavioral flexibility from a perspective rooted in appraisal theory, aiming to provide a better understanding on how animals adjust their internal state to environmental context. Appraisal has been defined as a multi-component and interactive process between the individual and the environment, in which the individual must evaluate the significance of a stimulus to generate an adaptive response. Within this framework, we review and reframe the existing evidence for the appraisal components in animal literature, in an attempt to reveal the common ground of appraisal mechanisms between species. Furthermore, cognitive biases may occur in the appraisal of ambiguous stimuli. These biases may be interpreted either as states open to environmental modulation or as long-lasting phenotypic traits. Finally, we discuss the implications of cognitive bias for stress research.FCT Ph.D. fellowships: (SFRH/BD/79087/2011, SFRH/BD/68528/2010), FCT strategic grant: (PEst-OE/MAR/UI0331/2011)

Letramento digital: literatura digital infantil.

The teacher needs to be attentive to the diversities and individual characteristics of his students, because the sociocultural, geographic and historical means are changeable and influence significantly in the formation of the individual, therefore, education must accompany these variations and social transformations. In this perspective, this study deals with digital literacy with an emphasis on children's digital literature as a device to aid dynamic and innovative teaching that meets the expectations of the current profile of students. As a goal, the search here is for understanding how multimodal literacy occurs in children through children's digital literature, more precisely with the use of digital tools such as E-picture-books apps. The qualitative bibliographic approach allows to evaluate the socio-cultural context in which the child is inserted as well as to help in the theoretical collection about the child profile that would use E-picture-books apps. The technological tools contribute positively to the learning process of the contemporary child, since it makes it pleasurable, playful and dynamic. It is concluded that the subjects on the subject have not been exhausted, making it necessary to investigate in future research other methods that integrate the student with digital literacy using technological tools for language teachingO professor precisa estar atento às diversidades e características individuais dos seus alunos, em virtude de os meios socioculturais, geográficos e históricos serem mutáveis e influenciarem significativamente na formação do indivíduo, assim sendo, o ensino precisa acompanhar essas variações e transformações sociais. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo versa sobre o letramento digital com ênfase na literatura digital infantil como dispositivo de auxílio ao ensino dinâmico e inovador que atenda aos anseios do perfil atual de alunos. Como objetivo, a busca aqui é por compreender como se dá o letramento multimodal em crianças por meio da literatura digital infantil, mais precisamente com a utilização de ferramentas digitais como o E-picture-books apps. A metodologia qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico permite avaliar o contexto sociocultural em que a criança está inserida como também auxiliar no apanhado teórico sobre o perfil de criança que utilizaria o E-picture-books apps. As ferramentas tecnológicas contribuem de forma positiva no processo de aprendizado da criança contemporânea, uma vez que o torna prazeroso, lúdico e dinâmico. Conclui-se que não foram esgotados os assuntos sobre o tema, fazendo-se necessário investigar, em pesquisas futuras, outros métodos que integrem o aluno ao letramento digital utilizando ferramentas tecnológicas para o ensino de línguas

Narrativas tecidas em contextos educacionais inclusivos: experiências escolares de alunos surdos em Alagoas

A tese aborda a temática da educação de surdos, inclusão e modos de subjetivação. Para tanto, traz-se como pergunta de pesquisa: como as experiências escolares em contextos educacionais inclusivos são narradas por alunos surdos? A partir dessa questão, o objetivo principal é analisar narrativas de experiências escolares de surdos em contextos educacionais inclusivos. Foram elencados, portanto, os seguintes objetivos específicos: descrever como ocorre a inclusão de alunos surdos em uma escola polo da rede estadual de ensino e no Centro de Capacitação de Profissionais da Educação e de Atendimento às Pessoas com Surdez (CAS) de Maceió/AL; investigar sobre a inclusão escolar dos alunos surdos, junto a educadores vinculados a essas instituições; discutir sobre os modos de ser surdo, conforme as narrativas de experiências de surdos, em contextos escolares inclusivos. A pesquisa foi realizada em Maceió/AL e contou com a participação de 21 alunos surdos. A produção dos materiais de pesquisa se deu por meio de entrevistas-narrativas com os alunos e de busca de informações com outros atores educacionais da escola polo e do CAS. Sob a ótica dos estudos foucaultianos e estudos surdos em Educação, recorre-se às noções de matriz de experiência e subjetivação como ferramentas teórico-conceituais, para pensar a produção dos modos de ser surdo. Para a análise das narrativas dos alunos, pensando na constituição do sujeito por intermédio das tecnologias, volta-se à discussão sobre Tecnologias do eu e Educação, como forma de analisar os processos de subjetivação engendrados na e no entorno da escola. Por meio das narrativas, os alunos sinalizaram alguns aspectos de sua escolarização, a destacar: 1) como eles se veem e são vistos em alguns espaços; 2) os distanciamentos e aproximações com a língua de sinais; 3) memórias e marcas de suas trajetórias escolares; e 4) pequenos movimentos de crítica e autocrítica. Assim sendo, pela perspectiva de que os alunos surdos apresentam, em suas narrativas, exercícios de autorreflexão sobre suas relações com os espaços inclusivos e põem em questão o que está sendo instituído como inclusão escolar, apresenta-se a tese de que o sujeito surdo incluído se constitui e é constituído a partir de práticas inclusivas, que operam segundo um governamento educacional, em que é possível destacar a experiência surda como possibilidade de resistência à compreensão da política educacional de inclusão escolar.The thesis addresses the theme of deaf education, inclusion and modes of subjectivation. Therefore, it is brought up as a research question: how are school experiences in inclusive educational contexts narrated by deaf students? From this question, the main objective is to analyze narratives of deaf school experiences in inclusive educational contexts. The specific objectives are: to describe how the inclusion of deaf students occurs in a reference school in the state education system and in the Training Center for Education Professionals and Assistance to People with Deafness (CAS) in Maceió/AL; investigate about the school inclusion of deaf students, together with educators linked to these institutions; discuss about ways of being deaf, according to narratives of deaf experiences, in inclusive school contexts. The research was carried out in Maceió/AL and had the participation of 21 deaf students. The production of research materials took place through narrativeinterviews with students and the search for information with other educational actors at the school and at CAS. From the perspective of foucauldian studies and deaf studies in Education, we resort to the notions of matrix of experience and subjectivation as theoretical-conceptual tools, to think about the production of ways of being deaf. For the analysis of the students' narratives, thinking about the constitution of the subject through technologies, it turns to the discussion of Technologies of the self and Education, as a way to analyze the subjectivation processes engendered in and around the school. Through the narratives, students signaled some aspects of their schooling, highlighting: 1) how they see themselves and are seen in some spaces; 2) the distances and approximations with sign language; 3) memories and marks of their school trajectories; and 4) small movements of criticism and self-criticism. Therefore, from the perspective that deaf students present, in their narratives, exercises of self-reflection on their relations with inclusive spaces and question what is being instituted as school inclusion, the thesis that the deaf subject is included is presented. It is constituted and is constituted from inclusive practices, which operate according to an educational government, in which it is possible to identify the deaf experience as a possibility of resistance to the educational policy of school inclusion

Effects of green tea in urinary bladder cancer: data from a mouse model

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world, associated with several risk factors [1-2]. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) is a carcinogen able to induce preneoplastic and neoplastic urothelial lesions development in rodents [3]. Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated [4]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder cancer in male and female mice. The experiment followed the European (Directive 2010/63/EU) legislation. Forty-one ICR mice of five weeks of age (21 males and 20 females) were used. Animals from each gender were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: Males - group I (BBN+GT) (n=8); group II (BBN) (n=7); group III (GT) (n=6); Females - group IV (BBN+GT) (n=7); group V (BBN) (n=7); group VI (GT) (n=6). BBN was administered to animals from groups I, II, IV and V by gavage, at a dose of 7.25 mg/mouse, 2 times/week, during 10 consecutive weeks. The whole GT (0.5%) was daily prepared and given ad libitum to groups I, III, IV and VI for 20 consecutive weeks. Animals were sacrificed and a complete necropsy was performed. A histological analysis of the urinary bladder was performed. Data was analyzed with ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Animals from groups not exposed to BBN (III and VI) did not develop any urothelial lesion. Animals from groups BBN+GT (I and IV) and BBN (II and V) developed only preneoplastic lesions. The number of inflammatory aggregates was lower in animals exposed to BBN that drank GT (I and IV), when compared with those only exposed to BBN (II and V). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups BBN (II and V) and groups GT (III and VI) (p<0.05) (Table 1). The administration of GT infusion had no effect on urinary bladder cancer development, but reduced urothelial inflammation

Mechanisms of social buffering of fear in zebrafish

The supplementary materials such the videos, are not present in the deposit due to incompatibilty of the extension of the files with the repository.Some humans thrive whereas others resign when exposed to threatening situations throughout life. Social support has been identified as an important modulator of these discrepancies in human behaviour, and other social animals also exhibit phenomena in which individuals recover better from aversive events when conspecifics are present - aka social buffering. Here we studied social buffering in zebrafish, by exposing focal fish to an aversive stimulus (alarm substance - AS) either in the absence or presence of conspecific cues. When exposed to AS in the presence of both olfactory (shoal water) and visual (sight of shoal) conspecific cues, focal fish exhibited a lower fear response than when tested alone, demonstrating social buffering in zebrafish. When separately testing each cue's effectiveness, we verified that the visual cue was more effective than the olfactory in reducing freezing in a persistent threat scenario. Finally, we verified that social buffering was independent of shoal size and coincided with a distinct pattern of co-activation of brain regions known to be involved in mammalian social buffering. Thus, this study suggests a shared evolutionary origin for social buffering in vertebrates, bringing new evidence on the behavioural, sensory and neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of green tea in urinary bladder cancer: data from a mouse model

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world, associated with several risk factors [1-2]. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) is a carcinogen able to induce preneoplastic and neoplastic urothelial lesions development in rodents [3]. Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated [4]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder cancer in male and female mice. The experiment followed the European (Directive 2010/63/EU) legislation. Forty-one ICR mice of five weeks of age (21 males and 20 females) were used. Animals from each gender were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: Males - group I (BBN+GT) (n=8); group II (BBN) (n=7); group III (GT) (n=6); Females - group IV (BBN+GT) (n=7); group V (BBN) (n=7); group VI (GT) (n=6). BBN was administered to animals from groups I, II, IV and V by gavage, at a dose of 7.25 mg/mouse, 2 times/week, during 10 consecutive weeks. The whole GT (0.5%) was daily prepared and given ad libitum to groups I, III, IV and VI for 20 consecutive weeks. Animals were sacrificed and a complete necropsy was performed. A histological analysis of the urinary bladder was performed. Data was analyzed with ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Animals from groups not exposed to BBN (III and VI) did not develop any urothelial lesion. Animals from groups BBN+GT (I and IV) and BBN (II and V) developed only preneoplastic lesions. The number of inflammatory aggregates was lower in animals exposed to BBN that drank GT (I and IV), when compared with those only exposed to BBN (II and V). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups BBN (II and V) and groups GT (III and VI) (p<0.05) (Table 1). The administration of GT infusion had no effect on urinary bladder cancer development, but reduced urothelial inflammation

Casa em conflito

O propósito desta investigação nasce do objeto Casa, olhando para este objeto como uma obra de arte e reconhecendo-a como tal. Deste modo, o ensaio é organizado em duas partes. A primeira parte é direcionada à vertente de investigação, com o objetivo de criar um arquivo que contenha não só obras dos ditos suspeitos do costume, nomes como Álvaro Siza e Souto Moura, como também obras de autores desconhecidos, descobertas em contactos com ateliers, arquivos de câmera, ou livros. Partindo deste arquivo, pretende-se que o aluno assuma o papel de curador de uma exposição e que procure explorar Um autor ou tema. Os elementos que rompem a ordem tornaram-se uma obsessão pessoal, Comparando as casas portuguesas com os exemplos dados por Robert Venturi, na obra Complexidade e Contradição em Arquitetura. A segunda parte passa por uma postura prática perante o objeto Casa, em que o intuito é a projeção de uma, relacionada ou não com os temas desenvolvidos na curadoria. Vários terrenos foram analisados, nos quais várias ideias foram desenvolvidas, até incidir sobre o terreno final, no qual continuam a ser exploradas essas mesmas ideias, embora, passadas por um período de discussão e reflexão. Temas como a relação com o lugar, surrealismo, espaço infinito, relação interior-exterior, foram alguns dos conceitos explorados no decorrer do exercício, tendo a Casa final como tema principal o conflito entre sistemas.The purpose of this research arises from the object Casa, looking at this object as a work of art and recognising it as such. Thus, the essay is organized in two parts. The first part is directed towards research, with the goal of creating an archive that contains not only works by the usual suspects, names like Álvaro Siza and Souto Moura, but also works by unknown authors, discovered in contacts with ateliers, camera archives, or books. Starting from this archive, it is intended that the student assumes the role of curator of an exhibition and seeks to explore an author or theme. The elements that break the order became a personal obsession, comparing the Portuguese houses with the examples given by Robert Venturi, in the work Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. The second part goes through a practical attitude towards the House object, in which the aim is the projection of one, related or not to the themes developed in the curatorship. Various terrains were analysed, in which various ideas were developed, until focusing on the final terrain, in which those same ideas continue to be explored, Although after a period of discussion and reflection. Themes such as the relation with the place, Surrealism, infinite space, interior-exterior relation, were some of the concepts explored during the exercise, having the final House as main theme the conflict between systems