Explorando a interdisciplinaridade entre química e física através de uma abordagem histórico-cultural

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo histórico sobre radioatividade e modelos atômicos no século XIX elaborado com vistas a construir subsídios para a elaboração de propostas para a educação em ciências que promovam a interdisciplinaridade entre a química e a física. Desta maneira, articulados a referenciais sobre história da ciência e ensino, práticas científicas e interdisciplinaridade, propomos uma abordagem histórica pautada na história cultural da ciência para cumprir o objetivo proposto, trazendo, ao final, comentários sobre as possibilidades para a educação em ciências

Entre o histórico e o contemporâneo : abordando as práticas científicas em um curso sobre história e filosofia das ciências

A História das Ciências no ensino é considerada como caminho para fomentar discussões sobre a ciência no ensino. Tendências recentes apontam que a perspectiva das práticas científicas pode ser um bom viés para melhor entendimento sobre como se desenvolvem as ciências. Partindo dessa premissa, utilizamos a perspectiva da História Cultural das Ciências, análise historiográfica caracterizada pelo estudo das práticas científicas e das representações criadas pela ciência, em um curso sobre História da Ciência desenvolvido numa instituição brasileira de ensino. Os resultados foram indicam aprofundamentos futuros onde possam ser exploradas as particularidades da abordagem pelo viés da História Cultural da Ciência

Local Power as the Basis of the Understanding of the Federative Pact

The research aimed to describe the existing problems in the relationship between City, State and Federal Government, through the Brazilian Federative Pact, mainly for municipalities with population of less than 50,000 inhabitants. The research is structured from a qualitative perspective. The theoretical framework was built from the local power of the discussion based on the understanding of the federal pact and local interest and the municipality in Brazil. The paper argues that the federal pact is little debated, discussed, much less questioned by society in general, it only strengthens the lack of a legal and institutional framework for coordination and cooperation among federal entities in the country, which results in public policy fragmented the territory and without direction, causing waste of public resources

Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis of Great Amazon Reef System sponge-associated Latescibacterota bacteria and their potential contributions to the host sponge and reef

The Great Amazon Reef System (GARS) is an extensive biogenic reef influenced by a plume layer of sediments. This creates an extreme environment where light is reduced, thus affecting physicochemical properties as well as living organisms such as sponges and their microbiomes. The sponge’s microbiome has numerous ecological roles, like participation in biogeochemical cycles and host nutrition, helping the sponge thrive and contributing to the ecosystem. Also, sponges and sponge-associated microorganisms are rich sources of bioactive compounds, and their products are applied in different areas, including textile, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In this context, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG), obtained from GARS sponges microbiota, were analyzed to predict their ecological function and were prospected for biotechnological features. Thus, in this work, tissues of GARS sponges were collected, their metagenomes were sequenced and assembled, and 1,054 MAGs were recovered. Ten of those MAGs were selected based on their taxonomic classification in the candidate phylum Latescibacterota and this group’s abundance in GARS sponges. The workflow consisted of MAG’s quality definition, taxonomic classification, metabolic reconstruction, and search for bioactive compounds. Metabolic reconstruction from medium to high-quality MAGs revealed genes related to degradation and synthesis pathways, indicating functions that may be performed by GARS sponge-associated Latescibacterota. Heterotrophy, a recurring attribute in Latescibacterota that might be crucial for GARS sponge holobiont nutrition, was verified by the presence of genes related to respiration and fermentation. Also, the analyzed bacteria may contribute to the host’s survival in multiple ways, including host protection via defense systems; aid in nutrient consumption by breaking complex substrates and producing essential nutrients like vitamins and certain amino acids; and detoxification of mercury, arsenic, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, genes linked to persistent organic pollutant degradation, including glyphosate, and biogeochemical cycles reactions, such as ammonification, sulfate reduction, thiosulfate disproportionation, phosphorus remineralization, and complex organic matter degradation, were identified, suggesting the participation of these Latescibacterota in bioremediation and nutrient cycling. Finally, the investigated MAGs contain genes for numerous bioactive compounds, including industrial enzymes, secondary metabolites, and biologically active peptides, which may have biotechnological value

Sistema de instrumentação para monitoramento em tempo real aplicado em destilador à pressão atmosférica ou vácuo e destilador semiautomático

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulQuímicaEngenhariaDepositad

Discovery of Markers of Exposure Specific to Bites of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the Vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi in Latin America

Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bite of an infected vector sand fly that injects salivary molecules into the host skin during feeding. Certain salivary molecules can produce antibodies and can be used as an indicator of exposure to a vector sand fly and potentially the disease it transmits. Here we identified potential markers of specific exposure to the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America. Initially, we determined which of the salivary proteins produce antibodies in humans, dogs, and foxes from areas endemic for the disease. To identify potential specific markers of vector exposure, we produced nine different recombinant salivary proteins from Lu. longipalpis and tested for their recognition by individuals exposed to another human-biting sand fly, Lu. intermedia, that transmits cutaneous leishmaniasis and commonly occurs in the same endemic areas as Lu. longipalpis. Two of the nine salivary proteins were recognized only by humans exposed to Lu. longipalpis, suggesting they are immunogenic proteins and may be useful in epidemiological studies. The identification of specific salivary proteins as potential markers of exposure to vector sand flies will increase our understanding of vector–human interaction, bring new insights to vector control, and in some instances act as an indicator for risk of acquiring disease

Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis Infection Following Pre-Exposure to Sandfly Saliva

Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of diseases known as leishmaniasis, that are transmitted by bites of female sand flies that, during blood-feeding, inject humans with parasites and saliva. It was shown that, in mice, immunity to sand-fly saliva is able to protect against the development of leishmaniasis. We have investigated, in the present study, whether this finding extends the sand fly species Lutzomyia intermedia, which is responsible for transmission of Leishmania braziliensis, a parasite species able to cause destructive skin lesions that can be fatal if left untreated. We observed that mice injected with sand fly saliva develop a specific immune response against salivary proteins. Most importantly, however, this immune response was unable to protect mice against a challenge infection with L. braziliensis, indicating that exposure to this sand fly saliva is harmful to the host. Indeed, subjects with cutaneous leishmaniasis have a higher immune response against L. intermedia saliva. These findings indicate that the anti-saliva immune response to sand fly saliva plays an important role in the outcome of leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis, in both mice and humans, and emphasize possible hurdles in the development of vaccines based on sand fly saliva