Self-efficacy beliefs in pre-service chilean english teachers

Tesis (Profesor de Inglés para la Enseñanza Básica y Media y al grado académico de Licenciado en Educación)This research study investigated Chilean pre-service teachers of English. A mixed-method research design was employed to obtain relevant data in this study. The quantitative instrument selected was an adapted version of the questionnaire developed by Tschannen-Moran & Hoy called “Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale” (1998). This version of the questionnaire was applied to 39 participants who were the total number of students going through their last semester at the English Teaching Training Programme at Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello. The qualitative instrument employed was an interview developed by the researchers. After having conducted the questionnaire, 10 participants were randomly chosen to implement a one-on-one interview, in order to explore more in depth in the questionnaire results. Therefore, the results were divided into two sections: quantitative and qualitative. An analysis of the questionnaire was made in the quantitative results section likewise, for the interview in the qualitative results section. Finally, in the conclusion, a thorough analysis was provided so that self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers were described. The findings in this research exhibited that in general the levels of self-efficacy of pre-service teachers are high.Este estudio investigó las nociones de autoeficacia de los profesores chilenos en formación. El método mixto fue empleado para obtener información relevante en este estudio. El instrumento cuantitativo seleccionado fue una versión adaptada de la cuestionario desarrollado por Tschannen-Moran & Hoy llamada “Teachers’ Sense of Self-efficacy Scale” (1998). Esta versión del cuestionario fue aplicada a 39 participantes quienes constituyen la totalidad de alumnos cursando el último semestre del Programa de Formación de Profesores de Inglés de la Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello. El instrumento cualitativo seleccionado fue una entrevista creada por los investigadores. Después de haber realizado la encuesta, 10 participantes fueron aleatoriamente seleccionados para llevar a cabo entrevistas personales con la finalidad de explorar más a fondo los resultados de la encuesta. Por consiguiente, los resultados están divididos en dos secciones: cuantitativos y cualitativos. Un análisis de la encuesta fue realizado en la sección de resultados cuantitativos y de igual manera, de la entrevista en la sección de resultados cualitativos. Finalmente, en la conclusión un exhaustivo análisis fue proporcionado de modo que las percepciones de autoeficacia de los profesores en formación fueron retratadas. Los hallazgos en esta investigación mostraron que en general los niveles de autoeficacia de los profesores en formación son altos

Evaluation of the Effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 on Gastrointestinal Infections in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal infections (GIs) that occur at early stages to mitigate hospitalizations and treatments with adverse effects is a promising strategy for providing well-being to infants and their families. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores whether the early administration of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 might be effective as a preventive therapy for GIs. We reviewed the literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of milk formulas supplemented with L. fermentum CECT5716 administered to infants at early stages to reduce the incidence of GIs. The MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (via CENTRAL) databases were searched up to 15 June 2021. GI data from the included studies were synthesized in a random-effects model. Three RCTs were finally selected including 435 infants. There was a significant reduction in the incidence rate of GIs for those receiving L. fermentum CECT5716 compared with those receiving placebo (IRR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36–0.74, p = 0.0004). Heterogeneity between studies was moderate (I2 = 54.5%). Based on the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the administration of L. fermentum CECT5716 at doses from 1 × 109 to 8.4 × 108 cfu/day in milk formulas may prevent GIs in infants up to 12 months old. Longer-term studies including a higher number of infants are needed to determine whether the use of this probiotic during the early stages of life is an efficient way to reduce the incidence of GIs

Efectos derivados de la acción voluntaria: inventario de consecuencias de la acción voluntaria (ICAV)

La relación entre voluntario y sujeto beneficiario de la acción se centra en los problemas de éste, y no siempre se ofrece solución para los mismos. Es por ello, que los voluntarios que desarrollan actividades sociosanitarias puedan constituir un colectivo de alto riesgo de síndrome de burnout. Este efecto provoca una importante incidencia en los abandonos y el nivel de éstos es menor que el que puede llegar a soportar los profesionales. Añadido a este hecho, los cuestionarios sobre burnoutno son sensibles para ser utilizados en muestras de voluntarios, de ahí la necesidad de crear pruebas sensibles, válidas y fiables satisfactorias como la propuesta en el presente estudio. El primer objetivo fue comprobar las características psicométricas del instrumento antes de formar conclusiones acerca de los resultados que de él se deriven. Los criterios psicométricos son aceptables dado que, la fiabilidad ofreció un valor de 0,83, la validez convergente mediante un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple se obtuvo un coeficiente de regresión de 0,29 con F=3,07 y un nivel de significación inferior a 0,05. La prueba presenta un estructura factorial con la presencia de tres factores ortogonales (depresión, preocupación por la salud y autorrealización). De este modo el ICAV puede resultar un instrumento satisfactorio para evaluar los indicadores de burnouten un colectivo carente de instrumentos de medida y de especial relevancia en el marco asistencial como es el voluntariado. El segundo objetivo fue valorar los niveles de burnout con el cuestionario creado en una muestra de 310 voluntarios de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que no se producen grandes alteraciones derivadas de la relación de ayuda. Sin embargo un pequeño grupo de sujetos presentan: distanciamiento afectivo, impaciencia, irritabilidad y sentimientos de frustración. Asimismo, otro grupo de voluntarios mostraron preocupación, miedo y creencias de tener una enfermedad grave. De ello se desprende la necesidad de complementar la formación del voluntario con un adecuado proceso de selección, seguimiento y apoyo psicológico si este fuera preciso

"Detección del GC en melanoma: ¿Predicen los factores de riesgo de melanoma la positividad de la Biopsia Selectiva de Ganglio Centinela?"

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar 40 peticiones realizadas al Servicio de Medicina Nuclear (SMN) del HUMS de Biopsia Selectiva del Ganglio Centinela (BSGC) en Melanoma Cutáneo (MC) comprendidos entre julio 2016- diciembre 2017 y comprobar que la BSGC se ajusta a las indicaciones de la American Joint Committee on Cancer (7ª edición), valorando la relación de las BSGC positivas con las características previas de malignidad del MC. Materiales y métodos Se revisan 40 pacientes consecutivos estudiados por el Comité de Tumores de melanoma del HUMS a los que se les realizó BSGC en el SMN. La BSGC se realizó entre julio 2016 y diciembre 2017. Se analizaron: índice mitótico, ulceración, Breslow y patrón nodular, y su relación con el resultado postquirúrgico de la BSGC. Resultados Todos los pacientes se ajustaban a las indicaciones señaladas en el documento de referencia, excepto tres que no cumplían los requisitos de grosor, índice mitótico, ulceración y/o Clark. 6 de 38 pacientes (excluidos dos tumores de células Merkel) tuvieron una BSGC positiva, siendo 5 de ellos derivados para linfadenectomía posterior. Un paciente quedó excluido por comorbilidades que la contraindicaban. En 6 de 6 pacientes con BSGC positiva el Breslow fue intermedio o grueso. 4 de 6 presentaban índice mitótico >3, breslow grueso, ulceración y patrón nodular. La positividad del GC en nuestra muestra fue del 15’8% (6 de 38, excluidos los Merkel). En M de grosor fino, no hubo ningún paciente con afectación del GC (riesgo 0%). El riesgo de positividad de GC fue del 31% si el M estaba ulcerado y del 33% si M era nodular. El índice mitótico no tuvo significación en nuestro estudio. Conclusiones En nuestra muestra, el grosor fino en melanoma predice la negatividad del GC (Riesgo 0%). La presencia de ulceración y patrón nodular elevan la probabilidad de GC positivo pero en menor cuantía que el grosor y la solicitud de BSGC se ajusta mayoritariamente a las indicaciones del documento de referencia.<br /

NUDOS CRÍTICOS EN INTERVENCIÓN PSICOSOCIAL EN CÁRCELES: UN ANÁLISIS DEL CASO CHILENO.

Este artículo analiza críticamente la intervención psicosocial que se realiza en cárceles tradicionales y concesionadas, teniendo en cuenta que existe escasa literatura actualizada que aborde esta materia en América Latina y Chile. En el marco del proyecto FONDEF “prototipo de gestión integrada para una reinserción eficaz”, utilizamos para este artículo en específico un extracto de 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a profesionales ligados a la reinserción en distintas regiones de Chile, tanto en recintos públicos como concesionados. Aunque los entrevistados reportaron diversos matices de acuerdo a si se trataba de cárceles públicas o concesionadas, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que existen diversos nudos críticos que afectan la calidad de las intervenciones psicosociales al interior de las cárceles, incluyendo escasa/deteriorada infraestructura para realizar actividades de reinserción (ambos), escasas coberturas de los programas de intervención (ambos), escasa formación especializada en los equipos (ambos), desgaste de los equipos psicosociales (ambos), falta de coordinación con Gendarmería (públicas) y/o la empresa privada (concesionadas), bajos salarios (concesionadas), rotación de los equipos (concesionadas), énfasis en cumplir checklists en desmedro de la calidad (concesionadas), y rigideces en los contratos (concesionadas), entre otros. Se incluyen algunas sugerencias de política pública para fortalecer la eficacia de la intervención de modo de mejorar las posibilidades de reinserción social de las personas encarceladas

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.This research was funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of Spain, the European Regional Development Fund through projects CTM2017-84763-C3-1-R and CTM2017-90890-REDT (AEI/FEDER, EU) and the Basque Government through the financial support as consolidated group of the Basque Research System (IT1213-19). B.G. acknowledges a Juan de la Cierva-Formación fellowship by the Spanish Ministry for the Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO)

Metallomic Signatures of Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can increase LC risk. Metallomics may provide insights into both of these tobaccorelated diseases and their shared etiology. We conducted an observational study of 191 human serum samples, including those of healthy controls, LC patients, COPD patients, and patients with both COPD and LC.We found 18 elements (V, Al, As, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Se,W, Mo, Sb, Pb, Tl, Cr, Mg, Ni, and U) in these samples. In addition, we evaluated the elemental profiles of COPD cases of varying severity. The ratios and associations between the elements were also studied as possible signatures of the diseases. COPD severity and LC have a significant impact on the elemental composition of human serum. The severity of COPD was found to reduce the serum concentrations of As, Cd, and Tl and increased the serum concentrations of Mn and Sb compared with healthy control samples, while LC was found to increase Al, As, Mn, and Pb concentrations. This study provides new insights into the effects of LC and COPD on the human serum elemental profile that will pave the way for the potential use of elements as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. It also sheds light on the potential link between the two diseases, i.e., the evolution of COPD to LC.This work has been supported by the project "Heteroatom-tagged proteomics and metabolomics to study lung cancer. Influence of gut microbiota” (Ref.: PY20_00366) (Project of Excellence, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University, Andalusia, Spain). The authors are also grateful for grants 651/2018 and 115/2020 from the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Surgery (SEPAR) and grant 08/2018 from the Association of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (Neumosur), which were used to facilitate recruitment at the hospitals and biobank registration. The authors also thank Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES16/01783) and wish to express their gratitude for the unrestricted funding from the Menarini Group and AstraZeneca

Characterization of the contamination fingerprint of wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Henares River Basin (central Spain) based on target and suspect screening analysis

The interest in contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has increased lately due to their continued emission and potential ecotoxicological hazards. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are generally not capable of eliminating them and are considered the main pathway for CECs to the aquatic environment. The number of CECs in WWTPs effluents is often so large that complementary approaches to the conventional target analysis need to be implemented. Within this context, multitarget quantitative analysis (162 compounds) and a suspect screening (>40,000 suspects) approaches were applied to characterize the CEC fingerprint in effluents of five WWTPs in the Henares River basin (central Spain) during two sampling campaigns (summer and autumn). The results indicated that 76% of the compounds quantified corresponded to pharmaceuticals, 21% to pesticides and 3% to industrial chemicals. Apart from the 82 compounds quantified, suspect screening increased the list to 297 annotated compounds. Significant differences in the CEC fingerprint were observed between summer and autumn campaigns and between the WWTPs, being those serving the city of Alcala de Henares the ones with the largest number of compounds and concentrations. Finally, a risk prioritization approach was applied based on risk quotients (RQs) for algae, invertebrates, and fish. Azithromycin, diuron, chlortoluron, clarithromycin, sertraline and sulfamethoxazole were identified as having the largest risks to algae. As for invertebrates, the compounds having the largest RQs were carbendazim, fenoxycarb and eprosartan, and for fish acetaminophen, DEET, carbendazim, caffeine, fluconazole, and azithromycin. The two WWTPs showing higher calculated Risk Indexes had tertiary treatments, which points towards the need of increasing the removal efficiency in urban WWTPs. Furthermore, considering the complex mixtures emitted into the environment and the low dilution capacity of Mediterranean rivers, we recommend the development of detailed monitoring plans and stricter regulations to control the chemical burden created to freshwater ecosystems.Authors acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund through project CTM2017-84763-C3-1-R project and the Basque Government through the financial support as consolidated group of the Basque Research System (IT1213-19). NLH is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity for her predoctoral scholarship FPI 2018. BGG acknowledge an EHU/UPV postdoctoral fellowship. AR is supported by the Talented Researcher Support Programme - Plan GenT (CIDEGENT/2020/043) of the Generalitat Valenciana. Finally, the authors acknowledge support from the AEI and the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) to support the Thematic Network of Excellence (NET4SEA) on emerging contaminants in marine settings (CTM2017-90890-REDT, MICIU/AEI/ FEDER, EU)

New data concerning 'large blades' in Catalonia: Apt-Forcalquier chert in the Penedès (south of Barcelona) during the Late Neolithic - Chalcolithic

The study of large chert blades documented in funerary contexts from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the north-eastern part of Iberia has been addressed in recent works by the authors, in which 49 burial sites have been registered with more than 200 large chert blades. In this paper the recent data obtained from the study of seven archaeological sites located in the region of the Penedès (southwest of Barcelona) is presented. The macroscopic characterization of the knapped stone industries shows their great variety regarding the origin of the siliceous raw material, often coming from outside the analysed region. In some cases their macroscopic features link them to Apt-Forcalquier chert (Haut Provence, France), which was widely distributed in the form of large blades during these phases of Late Catalan prehistory. The absence of evidence of the chaîne opératoire production of this type of foreign chert in the lithic assemblages in Catalonia lead to the supposition that the dispersion of the blades was done as trade items, and only in a few cases were highly complex technological tools of this kind of raw material distributed (e.g., daggers). Use-wear analysis reveals that these blades were not merely luxury items in grave goods. Far from this idea, they have to be considered as functional, even multifunctional, items. All the same, it is thought that they must have had an important value because they moved from the domestic sphere to the graves. In fact, the pieces that usually remain are not small fragments, but whole or almost whole, large blades that normally remain effective