Estudios sobre consistencia en las ideas de los alumnos en ciencias

This article reviews the different lines of research related to the studies about «consistency» in the ideas as expressed by students, a highly interesting concept both from the theoretical and practica1 standpoints

¿Qué estamos enseñando y qué deberíamos enseñar desde la didáctica de las ciencias en la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria?

Esta comunicación constituye una síntesis de las aportaciones a una de las mesas redondas de los Encuentros. Se trata de contribuir al debate en torno a la selección y organización de los contenidos de didáctica de las ciencias y de la tecnología para el Máster de formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria. Se realiza una reflexión teórica sobre los fundamentos y la investigación en didáctica y formación del profesorado, se comparan los contenidos impartidos en distintas universidades dentro de la referida titulación, y se plantean algunos dilemas en torno a los criterios que deberían orientar la selección y organización de los mismos. Todo ello con objeto de animar el debate y la discusión al respecto, y demarcar posibles campos de investigación futur

Investigación de las ideas de los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria sobre la corriente eléctrica

This paper deals with the ideas on electric current of secondary education (BUP and COU) students who have been given traditional tuition. The study was based on operi-choice questionnaires, word-choice tests and concept trees. The results obtained show that the students' experiential and environmental models acquired from their everyday physical and social experience are preserved throughout their secondary education. However, their vocabulary gradually conforms to the cscientific model» of electric current

Perfiles de pensamiento docente de los estudiantes de ciencia y tecnología del máster de enseñanza secundaria

[ES] Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación de varias etapas sobre el pensamiento docente de los estudiantes del Máster de Enseñanza Secundaria (MaES), a través de diferentes actividades realizadas en el aula. En esta ocasión pretendemos analizar las creencias del alumnado del máster sobre los procesos educativos y su relación con los principales perfiles de actuación docente. Han participado 188 estudiantes del área de ciencia y tecnología, que han cumplimentado un cuestionario de escala likert, en torno a las creencias del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje, la enseñanza y la evaluación. Los datos sobre tales temas se han recogido al inicio de la materia de enseñanza y aprendizaje, incluida en el módulo específico del máster, durante tres cursos académicos. A partir del análisis estadístico de los datos recogidos se han establecido dos sub-escalas que permiten caracterizar dos modelos de pensamiento docente, relacionados respectivamente con el enfoque educativo tradicional y con el enfoque constructivista. Tras analizar el grado de identificación de los estudiantes con tales modelos didácticos se han encontrado cuatro perfiles de preferencia, que representan diferentes actitudes profesionales o diferentes formas de identificación con la profesión docente.[EN] This paper is part of a multi-stage research project on the teaching thinking of students of the Master of Secondary Education (MaES), through different activities carried out in the classroom. On this occasion, we intend to analyze the beliefs of the Master's students about educational processes and their relationship with the main profiles of teaching performance. A total of 188 students from the area of science and technology took part in the study, completing a likert scale questionnaire on the students' beliefs about learning, teaching and evaluation. Data on these topics were collected at the beginning of the Teaching and Learning course, included in the specific module of the master's degree, during three academic years. From the statistical analysis of the collected data, two subscales have been established to characterize two models of teaching thinking, related respectively to the traditional educational approach and to the constructivist approach. After analyzing the degree of identification of students with such didactic models, four profiles of preference were found, representing different professional attitudes or different forms of identification with the teaching profession.Pontes Pedrajas, A.; Poyato López, FJ.; Oliva Martínez, JM. (2023). Perfiles de pensamiento docente de los estudiantes de ciencia y tecnología del máster de enseñanza secundaria. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 428-442. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1663542844

Estrategia de aprendizaje interactivo para la mejora de la aplicación de la competencia matemática en el entorno de la Farmacia Galénica: Impacto de las primeras acciones de mejora sobre el rendimiento de los alumnos

Projecte: 2015PID-UB/039Se presentan los avances del Grupo de Innovación Docente de Tecnología Farmacéutica (GIDTF) en su línea de actuación relativa a la implementación de una estrategia de aprendizaje interactivo en los seminarios de problemas de Farmacia Galénica para el desarrollo de la competencia matemática en este ámbito por los estudiantes del grado de Farmacia. Las acciones realizadas incluyen actividades individuales de autoevaluación para detectar el nivel de capacidad resolutiva a modo de diagnóstico y otras grupales para fomentar un aprendizaje entre iguales. Se confirma que las acciones de mejora en la estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje implantada en curso 2015-16, respecto al desarrollo de la competencia matemática en Farmacia Galénica, han dado los resultados benéficos esperados.Universidad de Barcelon

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true