Role of social organizers in assisting farmer-managed irrigation systems: Proceedings of a regional workshop of the Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems Network held at Khon Kaen, Thailand from 15-20 May 1989

Farmer managed irrigation systemsRural sociologySocial participationOrganizations

Managing Pharmacotherapy in People Living With HIV and Concomitant Malignancy.

Objective: To describe data with selected malignancies in people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV in individuals affected by both conditions and to summarize drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with clinical recommendations for point-of-care review of combination therapies. Data Sources: Literature searches were performed (2005 to December 2018) in MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies of malignancies in PLWH in the modern era. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Article bibliographies and drug interaction databases were reviewed. Search terms included HIV, antiretroviral therapy, antineoplastic agents, malignancies, and drug interactions. Data Synthesis: In the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, malignancies in PLWH were AIDS-defining illnesses, and life expectancy was shorter. Nowadays, PLWH are living longer and developing malignancies, including lung, anal, and prostate cancers. Concurrently, the oncology landscape has evolved, with novel oral targeted agents and immunotherapies becoming routine elements of care. The increased need for and complexity with antineoplastics in PLWH has led to recommendations for multidisciplinary care of this unique population. Evaluation of DDIs requires review of metabolic pathways, absorption mechanisms, and various drug transporters associated with antineoplastics and ART. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review summarizes available data of non-AIDS-defining malignancies, principles of HIV care in the patient with malignancy, and guidance for assessing DDIs between antineoplastics and ART. Summary DDI tables provide point-of-care recommendations. Conclusions: The availability of ART has transformed AIDS into a chronic medical condition, and PLWH are experiencing age-related malignancies. Pharmacists play an important role in the management of this patient population

Gambaran Pemberian Obat Masal Pencegahan Kaki Gajah di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Welamosa Kecamatan Wewaria Kabupaten Ende Tahun 2011-2015

Elephant Foot Disease (Lymphatic Filariasis), hereinafter referred to as filariasis, is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms that attack the lymph nodes. Data from the Ende District Health Office shows that up to 2015 there were 233 cases of filariasis with the highest number found in the welamosa Public Health Center in the authority district of 67 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of mass drug prevention of elephantiasis in the working area of Welamosa Health Center in Wewaria District, Ende Regency in 2011-2015. The type of research used is descriptive with a cross-sectional design using a stratified random sampling technique with a sample of 380 samples. The results showed that people who drank mass medicine to prevent elephantiasis in 2011 amounted to 51%, in 2012 amounted to 52%, in 2013 amounted to 56%, in 2014 and 2015 respectively 62%. People who do not take medication are caused by not getting medication and not taking medication. Residents who get the medicine but do not drink it are more due to no desire to drink that because of the side effects of drugs/allergies while the people who do not get the medicine are more due to the unwillingness/willingness to take the drug

Early symptoms and sensations as predictors of lung cancer: a machine learning multivariate model.

The aim of this study was to identify a combination of early predictive symptoms/sensations attributable to primary lung cancer (LC). An interactive e-questionnaire comprised of pre-diagnostic descriptors of first symptoms/sensations was administered to patients referred for suspected LC. Respondents were included in the present analysis only if they later received a primary LC diagnosis or had no cancer; and inclusion of each descriptor required ≥4 observations. Fully-completed data from 506/670 individuals later diagnosed with primary LC (n = 311) or no cancer (n = 195) were modelled with orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). After analysing 145/285 descriptors, meeting inclusion criteria, through randomised seven-fold cross-validation (six-fold training set: n = 433; test set: n = 73), 63 provided best LC prediction. The most-significant LC-positive descriptors included a cough that varied over the day, back pain/aches/discomfort, early satiety, appetite loss, and having less strength. Upon combining the descriptors with the background variables current smoking, a cold/flu or pneumonia within the past two years, female sex, older age, a history of COPD (positive LC-association); antibiotics within the past two years, and a history of pneumonia (negative LC-association); the resulting 70-variable model had accurate cross-validated test set performance: area under the ROC curve = 0.767 (descriptors only: 0.736/background predictors only: 0.652), sensitivity = 84.8% (73.9/76.1%, respectively), specificity = 55.6% (66.7/51.9%, respectively). In conclusion, accurate prediction of LC was found through 63 early symptoms/sensations and seven background factors. Further research and precision in this model may lead to a tool for referral and LC diagnostic decision-making

The Temperature Dependent Development of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) from south Texas (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that vectors the bacterium that putatively causes zebra chip disease in potatoes, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum.’ The economic risk of zebra chip disease is mitigated by controlling populations of B. cockerelli in commercial potato fields. Lacking an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, growers have resorted to an intensive chemical control program that may be leading to insecticide-resistant B. cockerelli populations in south Texas and Mexico. To initiate the development of an integrated approach of controlling B. cockerelli, we used constant temperature studies and non-linear and linear modeling to determine degree day parameters for development of B. cockerelli infesting potato. We field validated the parameters by making degree day model predictions for three different B. cockerelli life stages tested against population data collected from 49 pesticide-free fields. The models estimated the lower and upper threshold for overall (egg plus nymph) development of B. cockerelli as 6.5 and 29.3°C, respectively, with a thermal constant, K, of 354.6 degree days. In the field validation, the model accurately predicted within the normal sampling frequency of 7 days 73% of the egg-to-egg peaks, 80% of the nymph-to-nymph peaks, and 58% of the peaks for the highly mobile adults. It is impractical to predict first occurrence of B. cockerelli in potato plantings as adults are present as soon cotyledons break through the soil. Therefore, we suggest integrating the degree day model into current B. cockerelli management practices using a two-phase method. Phase one occurs from potato planting through the first peak of a B. cockerelli field population and are managed using current practices. Once the B. cockerelli population peaks, phase two begins and the degree day model is initiated to predict the subsequent population peaks, thus providing growers a tool to proactively manage B. cockerelli