Conceptual approach to the development of financial technologies in the context of digitalization of economic processes

The successful introduction of the digital economy into the information space of the Russian Federation involves the solution of several problems associated with the transition to a new paradigm of economic development based on the digitization of social and economic processes. At the same time, the existing regulatory mechanisms and legislation do not create optimal conditions for the development of the market of new financial instruments and technologies in Russia today. There are socio-economic risks, the key ones including an increase in the outflow of capital and innovative projects to other countries, a lack of confidence on the part of potential investors in new financial instruments, a decrease in the stability of traditional financial institutions. On this basis, the following tasks have been set in this article. To consider the terminology in the field of digital economy from the theoretical aspect; to identify trends and justify the need for digitalization of economic processes based on the use of new financial technologies; to reveal the informative characteristics of financial technologies promising for Russia. This article ends with a conclusion that the development of the digital economy in Russia is due to the need to ensure the information and economic security of the state, realize the potential of the new economy to improve the standard of living and national well-being through the introduction of innovative communication and financial technologies. The impact of the “digital economy” on socio-economic processes is multifaceted. It is sustainable and permeates all spheres of life, being an integral part of modern society.peer-reviewe

FOTODIODA OPARTA NA EPITAKSJALNYM FOSFORKU GALU O ZWIĘKSZONEJ WRAŻLIWOŚCI PRZY DŁUGOŚCI FALI 254 nm

The paper shows the results of the development of a photodiode technology based on gallium phosphide structure n+-n-GaP-Au with high sensitivity. It provides the ion etching of the surface of the gallium phosphide before an application of a leading electrode of gold. The barrier layer of a 20 nm thick gold is applied to the substrate in the magnetic field of GaP. When forming the contact with the reverse side of the indium substrate at 600°C, there occurs the annealing of the gold barrier layer. At the maximum of the spectral characteristics obtained by the photodiode, it has a sensitivity of 0.13 A/W, and at a wavelength of 254 nm – about 0.06 A/W. The dynamic range of the photodiode is not less than 107.Artykuł pokazuje rezultaty rozwoju technologicznego fotodiody opartej na fosforku galu o strukturze n+-n-GaP-Au o wysokiej czułości. Umożliwia to wytrawianie jonowe powierzchni fosforku galu, zanim zastosowana zostanie elektroda przewodząca wykonana ze złota. Złota warstwa barierowa o grubości 20 nm jest nakładana na podłoże GaP w polu magnetycznym. Gdy powstaje styk z tyłu podłoża indowego w temperaturze 600°C, złota warstwa barierowa jest wyżarzana. Przy maksymalnej charakterystyce spektralnej uzyskanej przez fotodiodę, ma ona czułość 0,13 A/W, a przy długości fali 254 nm – około 0,06 A / W. Zakres dynamiczny fotodiody wynosi co najmniej 107

Mutational re-modeling of di-aspartyl intramembrane proteases: uncoupling physiologically-relevant activities from those associated with Alzheimer\u27s disease

The intramembrane proteolytic activities of presenilins (PSEN1/PS1 and PSEN2/PS2) underlie production of beta-amyloid, the key process in Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Dysregulation of presenilin-mediated signaling is linked to cancers. Inhibition of the gamma-cleavage activities of PSENs that produce Abeta, but not the epsilon-like cleavage activity that release physiologically essential transcription activators, is a potential approach for the development of rational therapies for AD. In order to identify whether different activities of PSEN1 can be dissociated, we designed multiple mutations in the evolutionary conserved sites of PSEN1. We tested them in vitro and in vivo assays and compared their activities with mutant isoforms of presenilin-related intramembrane di-aspartyl protease (IMPAS1 (IMP1)/signal peptide peptidase (SPP)). PSEN1 auto-cleavage was more resistant to the mutation remodeling than the epsilon-like proteolysis. PSEN1 with a G382A or a P433A mutation in evolutionary invariant sites retains functionally important APP epsilon- and Notch S3- cleavage activities, but G382A inhibits APP gamma-cleavage and Abeta production and a P433A elevates Abeta. The G382A variant cannot restore the normal cellular ER Ca(2+) leak in PSEN1/PSEN2 double knockout cells, but efficiently rescues the loss-of-function (Egl) phenotype of presenilin in C. elegans. We found that, unlike in PSEN1 knockout cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) leak is not changed in the absence of IMP1/SPP. IMP1/SPP with the analogous mutations retained efficiency in cleavage of transmembrane substrates and rescued the lethality of Ce-imp-2 knockouts. In summary, our data show that mutations near the active catalytic sites of intramembrane di-aspartyl proteases have different consequences on proteolytic and signaling functions

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues and their antiviral activity

Abstract: Based on the fact that a search for influenza antivirals among nucleoside analogues has drawn very little attention of chemists, the present study reports the synthesis of a series of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues in which a pyrimidine fragment is attached to the ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl moiety by a polymethylene linker of variable length. Target compounds were prepared by the Cu alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Derivatives of uracil, 6-methyluracil, 3,6-dimethyluracil, thymine and quinazolin-2,4-dione with ω-alkyne substituent at the N1 (or N5) atom and azido 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-D-β-ribofuranoside were used as components of the CuAAC reaction. All compounds synthesized were evaluated for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34/(H1N1) and coxsackievirus B3. The best values of IC (inhibiting concentration) and SI (selectivity index) were demonstrated by the lead compound 4i in which the 1,2,3-triazolylribofuranosyl fragment is attached to the N1 atom of the quinazoline-2,4-dione moiety via a butylene linker (IC = 30 μM, SI = 24) and compound 8n in which the 1,2,3-triazolylribofuranosyl fragment is attached directly to the N5 atom of the 6-methyluracil moiety (IC = 15 μM, SI = 5). According to theoretical calculations, the antiviral activity of the 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues 4i and 8n against H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) influenza virus can be explained by their influence on the functioning of the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 50 50 5

The study of the teacher’s attitude and readiness to implement mobile applications in the teaching of the Russian language

At present, innovations in the educational process are the use of new technologies, techniques, methods, knowledge to obtain a qualitative result in the sphere of educational services that are distinguished by a special social and market demand. The use of mobile technologies in the educational space becomes relevant not only for teachers, but also for students. Students bring more and more mobile devices to work on lessons: searching services, use translators, work with e-book texts, reading reports. The use of mobile technologies is particularly important for retraining teachers due to the search for new didactic techniques and techniques in professional activities. Readiness of teachers of literature to carry out training using mobile technologies and the proper level of their ICT competence are mandatory conditions for the successful implementation of mobile learning. In this regard, we conducted a survey of teachers, in order to clarify the attitude and readiness for mobile instruction in the teaching of the Russian language. The poll was carried out among teachers of senior classes (9-11 class) of general education organizations in Surgut. The survey was also conducted among teachers who practice private Russian lessons. The article contains the results of the survey. Without pretending to the scale and categorical generalization of the findings, this analysis seems to be a completely representative opinion of a part of the pedagogical community. This survey will look at the situation using mobile training from the inside and understand: at what stage of the introduction of mobile applications in the educational process the school is

Representation of culinary and gastronomic code of modern culture in demotivators: linguistic and cultural aspect

Culinary and gastronomic code of modern culture, represented in a polymodal text, namely in demotivators, is of particular interest from the point of view of axiological perspective. The relevance of this topic is connected with the study of the creolized text and the ways of explication of modern values in the verbal and visual components of the demotivator. The material for the study is demotivators of culinary and gastronomic topics that are freely available on the Internet. A distinctive feature is a verbal / non-verbal indication, firstly, of the cultural component of the region; secondly, of the way of representing professional activity or any distinctive character trait. The main method is a comprehensive analysis of a demotivator. “Tradition – innovation” dichotomy is realized in demotivators. If the verbal component of the demotivator contains an indication of a foreign dish, then the visual component includes typical, traditional dishes for a particular culture. Conversely, traditional names of dishes or food products receive an “innovative” interpretation. Professional activity is a distinctive feature in the design of the dish, the method of cooking and the contents. There is an appeal not only to the background knowledge about the stereotypes of the professional sphere and nutrition practices, but also to the general cultural background

Local pH Gradient Initiated by Light on TiO2 for Light-Triggered Modulation of Polyhistidine-Tagged Proteins

A new principle of photo-assisted spatial desorption of (poly)histidine-tagged (His-Tag) proteins on a TiO2 surface is suggested. A semiconductor TiO2 surface is decorated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a strong polyelectrolyte, namely, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), and nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The PSS/NTA multilayer architecture provides n-fold (nxNTA) binding efficiency for more precise protein recognition in comparison to existing molecular His-Tag protein recognition with one- and threefold multiplication (1xNTA, 3xNTA). Spatially resolved desorption of proteins is regulated by non- photodestructive short-term low-intensity light irradiation (<5mWcm(-2)). The local pH shift on irradiated TiO2 selectively affects the pH-sensitive NTA/protein complex, but not the LbL assembly of PSS and NTA, which is stable in a broad pH range.clos

6-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-4-one

The molecule of the title compound, C11H9NO2, is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation of the non-H atoms = 0.056 (1) Å]. In the crystal, strong O—H...O hydrogen bonds form zigzag chains along the b axis. The molecules form stacks along the a axis due to π–π interactions, the shortest distance between the centroids of the benzene and pyridinone rings being 3.6146 (7) Å